MSDS: Сульфонаміди (Sulfonamides) - Material Safety Data Sheet

1. Identification

• Product Name: Sulfonamides
• Synonyms: Azo sulfonamides, N-substituted sulfonyl amides
• Chemical Family: Arylamine derivatives
• Intended Use: Pharmaceutical active ingredients, veterinary substances, chemical intermediates
• Manufacturer: Major pharmaceutical corporations, global chemical suppliers
• Contact Information: Supplier contact, emergency phone line, available 24 hours

2. Hazard Identification

• Classification: Acute toxicity, Skin irritation, Eye irritation, Respiratory sensitization
• Hazard Statements: May cause allergic skin reaction, harmful if swallowed or inhaled, causes serious eye irritation
• Pictograms: Exclamation mark, Health hazard symbol
• Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing dust or vapors, wear protective gloves, wash hands thoroughly after handling
• Potential Health Effects: Skin rash, headache, nausea, shortness of breath, hemolytic anemia especially with G6PD deficiency
• Environmental Hazards: Toxic to aquatic life, may contribute to antibiotic resistance in soil and water

3. Composition / Information on Ingredients

• Chemical Identity: Sulfonamide and N-acetylated derivatives, C6H8N2O2S (Parent compound structure)
• CAS Number: Varies by compound, common example 63-74-1 (sulfanilamide)
• Ingredient Purity: ≥ 98% active compound
• Impurities: Less than 2%, usually related process intermediates, trace solvents
• Additives: None for active pharmaceutical ingredient grade

4. First Aid Measures

• General: Move the exposed person to fresh air, remove contaminated clothing, ensure airway and breathing are not obstructed
• Inhalation: Move into fresh air, seek medical attention if symptoms like wheezing, coughing, or shortness of breath
• Skin Contact: Rinse affected area thoroughly with water and mild soap for at least 15 minutes; seek medical attention with persistent irritation or allergic rash
• Eye Contact: Flush eyes continuously with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, lift eyelids occasionally, get immediate medical help
• Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water, do not induce vomiting, seek immediate medical attention
• Most Important Symptoms/Effects: Severe skin and eye irritation, allergic reaction, hemolysis in sensitive individuals (G6PD), breathing difficulty
• Notes for Physician: Consider risk of methemoglobinemia and hemolytic anemia, administer symptomatic and supportive therapy

5. Fire-Fighting Measures

• Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide, foam, water fog (avoid direct water jets)
• Specific Hazards from Combustion: Emits toxic smoke and fumes, including nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbon oxides
• Special Protective Equipment: Firefighters must wear self-contained breathing apparatus and chemical-resistant gear
• Hazardous Combustion Products: Ammonia, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, complex organic fragments
• Advice for Firefighters: Isolate scene, stay upwind, prevent contact runoff from contaminating waterways and sewers

6. Accidental Release Measures

• Personal Precautions: Put on chemical-resistant gloves, safety eyewear, and dust mask, ventilate area
• Environmental Measures: Prevent entry to drains, surface water or soil
• Containment: Scoop up spilled substance with inert absorbent (sand, vermiculite), avoid generating dust, collect in suitable containers for disposal
• Decontamination: Wash affected area with plenty of water, ensure thorough cleaning of any contaminated equipment or clothing

7. Handling and Storage

• Handling: Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing, always use in a well-ventilated area, keep containers tightly closed after use, avoid inhaling dust and vapors
• Safe Storage Conditions: Store in cool, dry locations, away from direct sunlight, separate from incompatible materials such as oxidizers and acids
• Avoid: Sources of ignition, moisture, high humidity, incompatible chemicals
• Packaging Materials: Use original manufacturer containers or tightly sealed chemical-grade polyethylene bottles

8. Exposure Controls and Personal Protection

• Occupational Exposure Limits: No established OSHA/NIOSH limits for sulfonamides, rely on good laboratory practice and engineering controls
• Engineering Controls: Local exhaust ventilation, laboratory fume hoods, closed operations where practical
• Personal Protective Equipment: Safety glasses with side shields, impermeable gloves (nitrile, neoprene), long-sleeved lab coats, N95 or P2 dust respirators for powder handling
• Hygiene Measures: Always wash hands before eating, drinking, or smoking; never reuse contaminated personal protective equipment
• Environmental Exposure Controls: Retain and treat all waste and residues in accordance with environmental regulations

9. Physical and Chemical Properties

• Physical State: Powder or crystalline solid
• Color: White to off-white
• Odor: Minimal to slight amine-like
• Melting Point: Ranges from 164°C to over 200°C, specific to compound
• Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
• Solubility: Low water solubility (parent compound), higher for certain derivatives
• pH: 5.5–7.5 (aqueous suspension)
• Vapor Pressure: Negligible at ambient conditions
• Density: 1.4–1.6 g/cm³
• Partition Coefficient (log Kow): −0.2 to 0.8, depending on substitution

10. Stability and Reactivity

• Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
• Conditions to Avoid: High temperature, excessive moisture, direct sunlight
• Incompatible Materials: Strong acids, strong oxidizing agents, active halogens
• Hazardous Decomposition: Ammonia, sulfoxides, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, toxic organic fragments
• Reactivity: Non-reactive with common metals, but can degrade under acidic or oxidizing settings

11. Toxicological Information

• Routes of Entry: Inhalation, ingestion, dermal and ocular contact
• Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 in rats between 1500–4000 mg/kg, variable by chemical structure
• Chronic Effects: Bone marrow suppression, allergic reactions, Stevens-Johnson syndrome in rare cases
• Potential Sensitization: Known to trigger immune-mediated responses, especially with repeated exposure
• Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic by IARC, ACGIH, NTP, or OSHA
• Mutagenicity and Reproductive Toxicity: No significant findings in available animal studies
• Specific Target Organ Toxicity: Potential hemolysis for individuals with G6PD deficiency, risk for kidney and liver impairment in susceptible persons

12. Ecological Information

• Aquatic Toxicity: Moderate toxicity to aquatic organisms such as algae and daphnia (EC50 typically in the mg/L range)
• Persistence/Degradability: Not readily biodegradable, recalcitrant under standard wastewater treatment
• Bioaccumulative Potential: Low, due to poor lipid solubility, but some metabolites may persist
• Mobility: Limited in soil, leaching possible depending on specific compound solubility
• Other Adverse Effects: May promote antimicrobial resistance and disrupt natural bacterial ecosystems in soil and water bodies

13. Disposal Considerations

• Waste Disposal Methods: Incineration at high temperatures in licensed chemical waste facilities, avoid landfill disposal
• Contaminated Packaging: Empty containers must be triple-rinsed or destroyed, follow local guidelines for hazardous waste
• Special Precautions: Prevent release into environment, label all waste properly and ensure secure storage until disposal
• Regulatory Restrictions: Subject to hazardous waste controls under many national and international guidelines

14. Transport Information

• UN Number: Not regulated for most sulfonamides, unless mixed with hazardous solvents
• Proper Shipping Name: Not classified as dangerous goods by ADR/RID, IMDG, IATA
• Transport Hazard Classes: Not applicable for solid pharmaceutical-grade sulfonamides
• Packing Group: Not required unless in solution with flammable solvents
• Environmental Hazards: Recommend secondary containment during transit to prevent leaks
• Special Precautions for User: Keep containers upright, do not permit contact with moisture, secure containers during movement

15. Regulatory Information

• National Inventories: Listed in chemical inventories of EU (REACH), US (TSCA), Canada (DSL)
• Compliance: Meets requirements for use in research, manufacturing, and regulated pharmaceutical supply chains
• Labeling Requirements: Hazard and precautionary statements as per GHS, country-specific labeling for occupational use
• Restrictions: Veterinary and agricultural uses limited by national authorities targeting antimicrobial resistance
• Further Information: Consult local, regional, and national regulations for detailed handling, import, and reporting requirements