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Product Name: Xylene
Chemical Family: Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Synonyms: Xylol, Dimethylbenzene, Methyltoluene
Recommended Use: Solvent for paints, varnishes, adhesives, cleaning agents
Supplier Details: Name, address, and emergency phone number of manufacturer or distributor; contact available 24 hours
CAS Number: 1330-20-7
UN Number: 1307
EC Number: 215-535-7
GHS Classification: Flammable liquid (Category 3), Acute Toxicity Inhalation (Category 4), Skin Irritation (Category 2), Eye Irritation (Category 2)
Label Elements: Flame, exclamation mark pictograms
Signal Word: Warning
Hazard Statements: Flammable liquid and vapor; Causes skin and eye irritation; Harmful if inhaled; May cause drowsiness or dizziness; May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways
Precautionary Statements: Keep away from ignition sources; Use only outdoors or in well-ventilated area; Wear protective gloves, eye and face protection; Avoid breathing vapors; Store in tightly closed container
Other Hazards: May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure; Vapors heavier than air, can spread along ground; Toxic to aquatic life
Chemical Name: Xylene (o-, m-, p- isomers)
Concentration: Approximately 95% or greater, with the balance being ethylbenzene or other minor hydrocarbons
CAS Numbers: o-Xylene: 95-47-6, m-Xylene: 108-38-3, p-Xylene: 106-42-3, Ethylbenzene: 100-41-4
Impurities: Trace amounts of benzene, toluene, other C8 aromatic hydrocarbons may be present at low concentrations
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air; keep comfortable for breathing; provide oxygen if breathing is difficult; seek medical help if symptoms persist
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing; wash skin thoroughly with soap and water; do not use solvents or thinners; get medical attention if irritation develops
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; remove contact lenses if present; continue rinsing; seek medical advice if irritation persists
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; rinse mouth; never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person; get medical advice or attention immediately; aspiration hazard exists, so prompt care is critical
Symptoms: Drowsiness, headaches, respiratory tract irritation, nausea, vomiting, dizziness
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide, water spray (to cool tanks/containers)
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: Direct water jet may spread the fire
Specific Hazards: Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air; container explosion may occur due to heat; burning produces toxic gases including CO and CO2
Special Fire Fighting Procedures: Wear full protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus; cool fire-exposed containers; use caution as run-off water from fire control can cause environmental damage
Hazardous Combustion Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, unburned hydrocarbons
Personal Precautions: Evacuate spill area; remove sources of ignition; ventilate area; use appropriate respiratory protection to avoid inhaling vapors
Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, body coveralls, chemical boots; in large spills, positive pressure respiratory protection
Spill Clean-Up: Absorb with non-combustible materials like sand or earth; transfer residue to suitable and labeled waste containers; avoid entry into sewers, drains, or water bodies; clean area thoroughly after removal
Environmental Precautions: Prevent release to the environment; notify authorities if product enters waterways, soil, or sewers
Handling: Use only in well-ventilated places; ground and bond containers when transferring liquid; avoid breathing vapor or mist; avoid skin and eye contact; use personal protective equipment as described
Storage: Store in tightly closed containers, away from sources of ignition, heat, sparks, or flames; store in cool, dry, well-ventilated areas; segregate from strong oxidizers and acids; keep away from food and drinks
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizing agents, acids, halogens
Special Precautions: Use explosion-proof electrical equipment; label all storage vessels clearly; follow local storage regulations
Occupational Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL for xylene: 100 ppm (435 mg/m³) TWA; ACGIH TLV: 100 ppm TWA, 150 ppm STEL
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation or general room ventilation to keep vapors below exposure limits; explosion-proof exhaust systems recommended
Personal Protective Equipment - Eyes: Chemical safety goggles or face shield
Personal Protective Equipment - Skin: Impermeable gloves (nitrile, rubber), chemical-resistant apron, body covering
Respiratory Protection: Use approved respirators (NIOSH/MSHA) for concentrations above exposure limits or during spill response
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands, forearms, and face thoroughly after handling; do not eat, drink, or smoke while using products containing xylene
Appearance: Clear, colorless to slightly yellow liquid
Odor: Sweet, aromatic, characteristic hydrocarbon odor
Odor Threshold: Approximately 1 ppm
pH: Not applicable
Melting Point/Freezing Point: -47.4°C (-53.3°F)
Boiling Point/Range: 137–140°C (279–284°F)
Flash Point: 27–30°C (80–86°F, closed cup)
Evaporation Rate: 0.62 (butyl acetate = 1)
Flammability: Flammable liquid
Upper/Lower Flammability Limits: LEL: 1.0%, UEL: 7.0% (by volume in air)
Vapor Pressure: 6–9 mmHg at 20°C
Vapor Density: 3.7 (air = 1)
Relative Density: 0.86–0.87 g/cm³ at 20°C
Solubility: Negligible in water (<0.2 g/L at 20°C); miscible with alcohol, ether, most organic solvents
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): 3.1–3.2
Auto-ignition Temperature: 464°C (867°F)
Decomposition Temperature: Not established
Viscosity: 0.65 mPa·s at 20°C
Chemical Stability: Chemically stable under normal storage and handling conditions
Hazardous Polymerization: Does not polymerize
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, flames, sparks, other ignition sources; static electricity
Incompatibility: Strong oxidizing agents, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, halogens
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, potentially small amounts of acrid smoke or unidentified organic compounds during combustion
Reactivity: May react violently with strong oxidizers, forming explosive mixtures
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin and eye contact, ingestion
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 (rat): 4300 mg/kg; Inhalation LC50 (rat, 4h): ~5000 ppm; Skin LD50 (rabbit): 1700–3170 mg/kg
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Moderate irritant, repeated exposure may cause dermatitis
Serious Eye Damage/Irritation: Causes irritation, redness, pain
Respiratory Effects: May cause drowsiness, dizziness, respiratory tract irritation
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogen by IARC, NTP, OSHA; ethylbenzene impurity classified as Group 2B (possible human carcinogen)
Chronic Effects: Prolonged exposure may cause liver, kidney, or nervous system damage
Other Effects: Aspiration can lead to chemical pneumonitis, pulmonary edema
Aquatic Toxicity: Toxic to aquatic life; LC50 for fish (Pimephales promelas) 13.5 mg/L (96 hr)
Persistence and Degradability: Readily biodegradable by soil and aquatic microorganisms
Bioaccumulation Potential: Moderate bioaccumulative potential, log Kow 3.1–3.2
Mobility in Soil: Moderate mobility; low solubility in water leads to floating on the surface
Other Adverse Effects: Can cause long-lasting effects in the aquatic environment, especially at high concentrations due to toxic effects on fish and plant life
Waste Methods: Dispose of as hazardous waste in accordance with local, national, and international regulations; incineration recommended for destruction under controlled conditions
Contaminated Packaging: Containers must be emptied completely and disposed of safely; do not reuse packaging for other products
Precautions: Avoid contact with soil, waterways, drains, and sewers during disposal; observe all relevant laws; documentation of waste management practices helps enforce compliance and protect the environment
UN Number: UN1307
Proper Shipping Name: Xylene
Transport Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable liquid)
Packing Group: III
Labels Required: Flammable liquid (red diamond with flame pictogram)
Transport by Road (ADR/RID): Hazard identification number 30
IMDG Code (Sea): EmS F-E, S-D; marine pollutant precautions in place
IATA (Air): Packing instructions must be followed; additional limitations may apply
Special Precautions for User: Avoid transport with incompatible goods; keep containers tightly closed and upright
US Regulations: OSHA Hazard Communication Standard lists xylene as hazardous; CERCLA reportable quantity 100 lbs; SARA Title III Section 313 listed chemical
EU Classification: CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008: Flammable liquid, acute toxicity, skin and eye irritant
Other International: Listed in inventories such as TSCA (US), EINECS (EU), DSL (Canada), ENCS (Japan), and AICS (Australia); controlled under many countries’ environmental and chemical handling laws
Label Requirements: Must carry GHS hazard and precautionary statements; exposure limits and controls need clear signage in workplaces
Consumer Use: Restricted concentrations in household products in many regions to protect end users
