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Substance name: Vanadium(V) oxide
Chemical formula: V2O5
Appearance: Bright yellow or red crystalline powder under most conditions, sometimes green if impure
Common uses: This powder shows up in catalyst beds for making sulfuric acid, as a pigment, in ceramics, and as a chemical reagent. Some batteries rely on it because of its redox properties.
Odor: Odorless
Synonyms: Vanadic anhydride, vanadium pentoxide
Classification: Toxic if inhaled, harmful if swallowed, irritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract
GHS symbols: Skull and crossbones, exclamation mark, environment
Risk statements: Prolonged or repeated inhalation damages lungs and mucous membranes. Acute exposure triggers severe irritation. Chronic exposure can throw off kidney, gastrointestinal, and respiratory health.
Routes of entry: Inhalation fastest route, followed by skin or eye contact, then ingestion
Environmental impact: Harmful to aquatic life, persistent in soil and water, risk of bioaccumulation.
Main component: Vanadium(V) oxide; purity often ranges from 98% to 99+%
CAS number: 1314-62-1
Other trace elements: May contain minimal traces of other vanadium oxides or metallurgical impurities depending on source.
Inhalation: Remove person to fresh air without delay, loosen tight clothing, seek medical help fast, especially if breathing trouble or cough persists; oxygen support if needed.
Skin contact: Brush off loose powder and flush skin with water for fifteen minutes; remove contaminated clothing; medical attention essential if skin reaction erupts.
Eye contact: Rinse eyes slowly and gently with water, lifting eyelids now and then; call doctor without delay.
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting, rinse mouth; get medical help.Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Key symptoms: Shortness of breath, respiratory irritation, skin rash, redness, eye pain, nausea, dizziness.
Flammability: Vanadium(V) oxide does not burn.
Hazards from combustion: Toxic fumes including vanadium oxides and possibly other oxides form if fire breaks out nearby.
Suitable extinguishing media: Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, foam, or water spray for surrounding fire.
Protective gear: Full-face mask, self-contained breathing apparatus, and protective fire-resistant clothing essential.
Special hazards: Reacts violently with strong reducing agents or organic materials, risk of explosion if heated with aluminum or magnesium powders.
Personal protection: Don respiratory protection, goggles, impervious gloves.
Environmental precautions: Isolate area, avoid allowing dust to drift; prevent run-off into drains, surface water, or soil.
Containment: Ventilate area, sweep up without raising dust, shovel into proper container.
Disposal: Send to licensed hazardous waste facility.
Cleanup: Use industrial vacuum or wet methods, never dry brush.
Storage: Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated space; closed, labeled containers; away from incompatible substances, especially strong acids, reducing agents, and organic materials.
Handling: Avoid creating dust clouds; work in chemical fume hood when possible; open containers gently; wash thoroughly after use.
Incompatibles: Powder-type metals, strong acids and reducing agents, organic materials.
Hygiene: Ban food or drink where handled.
Permissible limits: The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) sets a threshold limit value of 0.05 mg/m3 (as vanadium, respirable fraction). OSHA’s permissible exposure limit lingers at 0.5 mg/m3 for dust and fume.
Engineering: Local exhaust, enclosed processes.
Personal protection: Air-purifying respirators for dust/mist; chemical-resistant gloves; eye protection; full protective clothing for spills.
Workplace checks: Monitor air levels often, train workers in proper use.
Medical surveillance: Suggested for frequent handlers, especially lung health checks.
Molecular weight: 181.88 g/mol
Melting point: 690°C
Boiling point: 1750°C (sublimes)
Solubility: Weakly soluble in water; dissolves in strong alkali and acids
Density: 3.36 g/cm3
Appearance: Yellow to red crystalline powder
Odor: None
Vapor pressure: Negligible at room temperature
Chemical stability: Remains stable under recommended conditions.
Conditions to avoid: Strong heat or ignition sources, shock, contact with reducing agents.
Incompatibilities: Reducing agents like aluminum, magnesium, and certain acids.
Decomposition products: Toxic vanadium oxides, possibly hazardous gases if mixed with acids.
Hazardous reactions: Reacts strongly with organic substances, risk of explosion.
Acute effects: Inhalation irritates nose, throat, and lungs; causes coughing, sneezing, chest pain. Skin and eye irritation common.
Long-term effects: Chronic exposure leads to bronchitis, pneumonia, lung edema, kidney trouble, and skin sensitization.
Toxicity data: LD50 oral (rat): about 10-20 mg/kg; repeated inhalation has lowered pulmonary function in humans.
Other risks: Possible risk of reproductive or genetic defects not ruled out by current data.
Persistence: This compound lingers in soil and sediments; leaches slowly to groundwater.
Aquatic toxicity: Lethal to some aquatic organisms at milligram-per-liter concentrations.
Bioaccumulation: Can build up in aquatic animals, enters food chains.
Soil impact: Reduces soil fertility by hindering soil microbe function.
Precaution: Spills should be contained and avoided near waterways.
Waste disposal: Treat as hazardous waste, incinerate or landfill only at licensed facilities.
Residue handling: Seal in labeled, leakproof containers; keep residue out of sewers and municipal trash.
Container cleaning: Rinse with plenty of water, send empty containers to hazardous waste treatment.
UN number/class: Regulated for transport as a hazardous material.
Packing group: Must use approved, secure packaging.
Shipping precautions: Label as toxic and environmentally hazardous during shipment; carriers need proper documentation and training.
Transport mode: Allowed by road, rail, air, and sea, but with significant regulatory scrutiny.
Global regulations: Listed as a hazardous substance by agencies such as OSHA, EPA, REACH, and IARC.
Worker protection: Employers usually must provide safety training, medical monitoring, and reporting when air levels reach unsafe limits.
Environmental control: Facilities using or storing significant amounts often need discharge permits and pollution controls.
Restrictions: Use and transport subject to registration, strict labeling, and periodic review.
