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Stories about plants healing and strengthening the body run deep through cultures around the world. Ursolic acid stands out in these tales, often traced back to the use of rosemary, apples, loquat leaves, and holy basil in old remedies. My experience growing up near orchards and herbal gardens showed me how common people leaned on nature to solve real-life problems. In the nineteenth century, scientists extracted a waxy, crystalline substance in pursuit of understanding why certain leaves and fruits seemed to guard against illness. Over the decades, the mystery unraveled layer by layer—now we recognize this substance as ursolic acid, a triterpenoid with a backbone that hints at cholesterol but packs a punch of its own. The labs of the twentieth century turned folk insight into isolated compounds, and recent decades saw pharmaceutical research pick up speed, digging into why traditional uses didn’t just happen by accident. The journey from apothecary cabinets to chromatography charts mirrors our effort to make sense of what’s already present in our foods and medicines.
Ursolic acid now pops up in supplements, experimental medicines, skincare, and sports drinks. Over-the-counter bottles stack on store shelves, promising support for healthy inflammation response, muscle gain, or antioxidant action. Anyone reading a herbal supplement label might notice “ursolic acid standardized extract” from rosemary or loquat, dosed often in milligrams per serving. Some folks grab it to boost a dieting or exercise routine; others try it on doctors’ suggestions for metabolic health or to address mild aches. Despite all this talk, most people outside the medical field have never heard of this molecule—one that’s as familiar in a basil leaf as it is in a powdered capsule tucked at the back of a pharmacy. All these uses rest on decades of studies and tech improvements that finally allowed consistent forms, careful extraction, and clinical-grade purity.
Take a pinch of pure ursolic acid, and you get a fine, almost glossy powder. Its appearance tricks the eye—a creamy white that reminds you more of kitchen flour than a medicinal powerhouse. Its chemical fingerprint sticks out: a pentacyclic triterpenoid, built on a rigid scaffold of five carbon rings. This chunkiness means it won’t dissolve easily in water, preferring fats or alcohol for a comfortable home. It resists breakdown under mild conditions but can give way under stronger acids or bases. Solubility leans toward ethanol, methanol, and ether. The melting point hovers near 285°C, a clue to its robust structure. Analytical chemists use infrared spectra and high-performance liquid chromatography to separate and identify it in extracts, a job that sits at the intersection of old-world herbalism and modern lab rigor.
Pick up any professional-grade bottle, and you see a short list: assay percentage—usually north of 90%—checked against reference standards; source—rosemary, apple peel, or loquat; and often country of origin. Supplement makers rely on validated methods like HPLC, and labels sometimes mention the presence of related triterpenoids, though good practice calls for single-compound purity. Regulations differ depending on the country. In the US, the FDA expects truth-in-labeling and prohibits wild health claims. The European Union procedures want clear identification if ursolic acid appears in cosmetics or wellness products. Honest companies provide batch numbers, expiration dates, and clear dosage guidance, a far cry from the mysterious jars of ground roots and leaves my grandparents kept in their pantry. Such transparency builds a bridge between traditional trust and scientific accountability, which matters when people rely on these supplements for their health.
Extracting ursolic acid from plants doesn’t look too different from the age-old practice of making tinctures, though today’s science brings stricter control. Start with dried plant matter—rosemary leaves or apple peels get crushed, soaked in solvents like ethanol or methanol which pull the triterpenoids out. After filtration, the mix evaporates down to concentrated residue. Crystallization and recrystallization bring out the purest form, and purification steps strip out impurities—think of resin and chlorophyll—leaving behind a near-white product. Throughout, every stage hinges on striking a balance between yield and purity: maximize extraction, minimize unwanted companions. Scale up this process for supplement-grade bulk, and the challenge shifts to eco-friendliness—choosing green solvents, cutting energy waste, and recycling as much as possible. These methods keep improving; supercritical CO2 extraction appeared as a cleaner way to pull out valuable plant compounds, often leaving no solvent residues. In this march, hard-earned know-how meets the push for cleaner, safer production.
Ursolic acid rarely stays unchanged. Its pentacyclic structure invites chemists to tweak the surface, attaching or swapping out groups to nudge the compound’s biological effects or solubility. Laboratories turn ursolic acid into esters or glycosylated forms, hoping for stronger activity or better absorption in the body. Mild oxidation introduces extra hydroxyl or carboxyl groups. Acetylation shields the hydroxyl site, adding stability. Some research groups fit the molecule with fluorescent tags, helping track its journey through cells. Reports of increased anti-tumor or anti-inflammatory potential often trace back to these chemical modifications, not pristine natural extract. The challenge keeps researchers creative—solvent choices, reaction times and purification steps become not just laboratory trivia but matters that affect the product’s safety, effectiveness, and ultimately its regulatory acceptance. Anyone who’s worked in a chemistry research team knows those late nights troubleshooting a stubborn synthetic route or isolating a trace product can open doors to novel therapies or health applications.
Scan scientific papers or ingredient lists, and you’ll see “urs-12-en-28-oic acid” or "prunol". Cosmetic labels may hide it under numbers and INCI names like “ursolic acid” or pair it cheekily with plant sources—“apple triterpenoid extract” or “rosemary acid complex.” Some wellness brands coin marketing-friendly blends, pairing it with claims about skin repair, joint health, or metabolism. In academic circles, the focus stays on its lab identity, making sure chemical structure and purity trump catchy branding. All these names and nicknames show how one compound straddles the world of folk medicine, scientific precision, and commercial marketing.
Walk into a working lab or production plant, and the way staff handle ursolic acid underscores a simple rule: assume any concentrated extract deserves respect. Scientists wear gloves, lab coats, and protective eyewear, especially when handling solvents or pure crystalline acid. Bulk powder producers rely on GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices) to reduce risk of cross-contamination and guarantee batch consistency. Safety data sheets summarize risks—take care with dust, avoid inhalation, keep fire risk low by storing away from sources of ignition. Supplement makers must double-check for residues of solvents and heavy metals, a real concern in many herbal products worldwide. My own kitchen experiments with herbal tinctures taught me early that uncontrolled extractions can deliver more than just the beneficial compound—think of pesticide residues, molds, or contaminants in wild-collected plants. Regulatory standards, often lagging behind science, must catch up and enforce regular inspections for products that reach mainstream consumers.
Interest spans health supplements, skincare, pharmaceuticals, and even functional foods. Researchers find that topical application might help plump skin or fight visible signs of aging, giving rise to luxury creams with ursolic acid among their key actives. Weight trainers and endurance athletes sometimes experiment with supplements as an adjunct to build lean muscle mass, chasing early animal studies that showed changes in muscle and fat breakdown. Medical researchers go further, studying possible impacts on blood sugar, liver enzymes, and even response to certain infections or cancers—though clinical evidence trails behind. Food scientists see the triterpenoid as a natural preservative with claimed antioxidant powers, adding it to packaging or food coatings. Traditional healers keep relying on ursolic acid-rich plants for joint aches, digestive woes, and mild infections. Each application area wrestles with its own proof standards—cosmetic science jumps on visible quick wins, while the medical field calls for painstaking human trials. Everyday people sit in the middle, often relying on their own small-scale experiment and word of mouth.
In university and commercial labs worldwide, teams invest serious effort into understanding and enhancing what ursolic acid can really do. Cell culture and animal models fueled early excitement about anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, or neuroprotective activities. Progress in nanoparticle carriers and encapsulation technology aims to overcome the stubborn water insolubility, hoping that improved bioavailability will finally turn laboratory promise into real health results in humans. Studies pick apart its ability to influence cell-signaling pathways, suppress tumor growth in some models, or shield nerve cells from breakdown. Some researchers probe combinations with other phytochemicals—curcumin, resveratrol, or quercetin—to test for synergy. Progress is uneven, slowed by challenges of clinical trial design, regulatory hurdles, and the simple fact that plant-derived compounds don’t always play by predictable rules. Researchers from diverse backgrounds—chemists, botanists, molecular biologists, nutritionists—find themselves at the same table, each bringing data and a healthy dose of skepticism.
Science doesn’t trust tradition alone. Reports on ursolic acid’s toxicity usually point to its low risk at levels found in common foods. Animal studies show tolerance up to high doses, though extremely concentrated supplements or chemical modifications sometimes introduce concerns: changes in liver enzymes, mild gastrointestinal disturbance, or, rarely, kidney effect at truly high intake. Regulatory agencies urge caution until long-term human trials cover more ground; certain vulnerable groups—pregnant women, people on multiple medications—should get medical guidance before starting any concentrated triterpenoid product. Researchers know that even beneficial molecules can tip into harmful territory at the wrong dose or under particular conditions. Careful tracking of supplement batches and monitoring side effects will have to keep pace with expanding commercial interest, or the risks will start to outweigh the hoped-for rewards.
Where do we go from here? Ursolic acid stands at a fork in the road: common as dandelions in folk health, still rare as gold in approved pharmaceutical drugs. Researchers talk of future breakthroughs in delivery technologies, enhanced chemical modifications, and smarter clinical trials. Personalized nutrition trends might steer new formulas with precise doses based on genes or metabolism. The clean-label movement in foods and cosmetics will push for plant-derived ingredients with traceable sourcing, which could nudge manufacturers toward greater transparency and safety. Ongoing global collaborations will have to close knowledge gaps around long-term use, drug interactions, and population-level safety. For many, the dream remains to harness the wisdom of herbalists and the power of science together—offering not only relief from symptoms but a shot at healthier, more resilient lives. We’ll need vigilance, honesty, and a commitment to both innovation and tradition to make that future real.
Ursolic acid shows up in the shiny peel of apples and the fresh sprigs of rosemary. I’ve always believed in getting nutrients from real food first, and here’s an example of something we might already be eating. Researchers have kept a close eye on ursolic acid because it seems to give real support in a couple of important health areas, especially in helping with muscle health, fat storage, and even immune function.
I’ve spent time with active folks in local gyms who often struggle to gain muscle or lose stubborn fat as they age. One thing the science keeps circling back to: ursolic acid promotes muscle growth. In animal studies from the University of Iowa, this compound boosted muscle mass and lowered body fat in mice, even if they didn’t change their diets or exercise levels. Since muscle starts to shrink with age, anything that helps slow that trend stands out to me.
Human trials are far less common and tend to be smaller, but a handful have shown that ursolic acid supplements can support muscle growth. Combined with strength training, people taking the supplement sometimes see a bigger bump in muscle gains compared to those who skip it. Building stronger muscles matters because it makes daily living easier, keeps metabolism humming, and reduces chances of falls as we get older.
Obesity isn’t limited to any certain group—it affects almost every corner of the globe and can stick around for years. What’s encouraging about ursolic acid is how it influences metabolism. Studies out of Korea, published in the journal Obesity, found that ursolic acid helped mice resist weight gain and improved blood sugar numbers. In my life, managing weight is always a process, so hearing that scientists are unearthing natural substances that help keep metabolism in check gives me hope for more choices in the future.
As with many natural remedies, dosage and long-term safety aren’t fully mapped out in humans yet. Large, clinical studies are still lacking, so right now, the evidence isn’t strong enough to call ursolic acid a cure. But its link to better balance in fat storage and energy use puts it on the radar for folks who want to step up their health without medication.
Growing up in a family with a history of high blood pressure and diabetes, I have always watched for ways to lower my risk. Ursolic acid might someday play a role there, too. Animal research points to lower inflammation and less plaque in arteries after supplementation. That might mean lower risk for heart disease. In the test tube, it can lower cancer cell growth, but those results don’t always match up in human bodies.
For now, eating a diet rich in fruits and herbs with ursolic acid can’t hurt and might help—especially since those foods bring a whole bunch of other nutrients. Supplement makers promise the moon, but sticking with food sources still seems the most reliable and sustainable approach.
Doctors, nutritionists, and scientists keep digging into the details. In the meantime, including apples, basil, and rosemary in what you eat each week fits right in with other habits that actually lead to lasting health. As more large-scale studies appear, questions about safety, dosage, and effectiveness will start to clear up for everyone.
Ursolic acid has gained lots of attention lately. Fitness forums hype it up for muscle building and fat loss. Foodies track down apple peels and basil because they’re told these foods hold magic for better health. Supplement brands cash in, selling capsules touting muscle gain and stronger immunity. There’s a crowd willing to try anything for that promised edge, but few talk much about side effects. The truth is, anything with physiological impact carries risk, and anything strong enough to “transform your body” won’t work the same for everyone.
Science looks at ursolic acid mostly through small studies and rodent experiments. Evidence points to anti-inflammatory effects, better glucose control, and muscle growth. The muscle work gets echoed in fitness blogs, but published studies on actual humans are thin. A gym friend might swear by it, yet the science lag makes me pause.
Animal studies suggest kidney and liver changes at high doses. Human trials saw mild complaints: nausea, diarrhea, headaches, more gas. These rarely show up among the fit crowd, but they happen. Dose matters. Supplements often deliver way more than someone would eat through food alone. I’ve seen people shoot past 300 mg daily. Doctors haven’t laid out a safe upper limit. Many supplement labels push the “natural” marketing angle, skipping much talk on dosage or real side effects.
People reading up on ursolic acid need honest discussions, not sales pitches. Someone with kidney or liver disease should pay attention to any compound that showed toxicity in animal tests. As someone who’s damaged my gut just from self-treating with supplements, I know minor-looking side effects stack up fast—think headaches, stomach cramps, or running to the bathroom far too often. Even folks with iron stomachs would feel the difference once the dose goes up. Every new supplement adds complexity: How does it mix with other meds? Will it ramp up your liver enzymes? Doctors sometimes shrug at “natural” products, but natural doesn’t mean safe at every dose.
I remember a former training partner adding a handful of “plant-based” capsules to his routine. He brushed off the stomach pain for weeks, only stopping after a persistent rash sent him to urgent care. Only then did he connect his problem to supplement stacking. It’s hard to spot which new capsule or herbal extract is the culprit, especially when the packaging makes bold promises and downplays research gaps.
Health professionals need to hear about all supplements a person is taking. A pharmacist or doctor might catch a red flag the average fitness influencer misses. Supplements like ursolic acid look enticing, especially for those aiming to gain muscle or lose fat without prescription medication. But any decision around daily intake requires context: health history, current prescription drugs, and the supplement brand’s reliability. Choosing brands that actually test their products in third-party labs offers some safety net.
Curiosity has a place in wellness, but safety should come first. Before grabbing a bottle of ursolic acid, people deserve access to unbiased, evidence-based info, not just marketing highlights. That’s the best path to decisions that protect health and avoid regret later on.
Ursolic acid shows up in apples, rosemary, holy basil, and a handful of other plants. Researchers have explored its ability to support muscle growth, curb inflammation, and even help regulate blood sugar. The fitness world pays attention to supplements like this for good reasons: after years in the gym and plenty of trial and error, I’ve noticed that adding certain compounds, taken correctly, can help tip the scale from plateau to progress. Still, chasing a shortcut never gets anyone very far. Getting the best from ursolic acid starts with being honest about goals and learning how the body absorbs it best.
One big roadblock with ursolic acid involves its low water solubility. Most capsules just move through your system with little being put to use. Research points to the role of fat in increasing uptake. Eating food rich in healthy fats — salmon, avocado, nuts, olive oil — creates better conditions for the body to transport ursolic acid from the gut into the bloodstream. I’ve worked with gym clients who felt like nothing changed until they paired their supplements with balanced meals. No magic bullet, just letting nature lend a hand.
Plenty of “pure” ursolic acid powders circulate the market, but sourcing matters. Trustworthy brands share certificates of analysis from reputable labs. Supplements imported in bulk from unknown sources tempt people with low prices but leave questions about contamination or dosage accuracy. I always push clients to stick with brands recommended by health professionals or backed by third-party testing. Safety comes first. If you’re eating more rosemary or apple peel, you’d need a lot to approach the doses seen in research, but food always brings extra nutrients along for the ride.
Studies show a wide range in dosage, but most supplement protocols suggest between 150 and 300 milligrams per day. More than that hasn’t been shown to give extra benefit, and pounding down megadoses often leads to an upset stomach or even diarrhea. Splitting a dose between morning and evening meals works for many people — less stress on digestion, steady bloodstream levels, and more predictable results. Long-term, a two- or three-month cycle gives you time to gauge changes without committing forever or burning a hole in your wallet.
Taking any supplement without shifting habits hardly ever pays off. Science backs ursolic acid as one “helper” for muscle retention or metabolic support, but the rest of the story is written in the kitchen and in the gym. Consistent strength training, enough protein, and a healthy sleep schedule turn a basic supplement into something you can measure in the mirror or in your performance.
No one wins by ignoring medical advice. Anyone with kidney, liver, or gut problems should check with their doctor before starting any supplement program. Some drugs — especially those for blood pressure or diabetes — may interact in ways we don’t fully understand. I’ve watched people get better results long-term by looping in a registered dietitian or physician before they open a new bottle.
Ursolic acid, taken to support muscle or metabolism, works best with patience, good food, quality sources, and realistic expectations. Adding it to a solid foundation makes a difference, as long as you keep safety and consistency front and center. Supplements support, but they never replace the basics.
Ursolic acid pops up everywhere in wellness pages, from muscle-boosting supplements to skincare creams. Folks hear “apple peels and herbs” and imagine zero risk, but the natural label doesn’t tell the whole story. I've found that clarity comes from looking past the gloss and digging into what solid science says, and what everyday experiences reveal.
I’ve noticed more people in gyms and online forums passing around ursolic acid capsules, chasing muscle growth, fat loss, or better blood sugar. A handful of small studies in both animals and humans look promising. For example, some research shows it may help fend off muscle wasting or even improve glucose metabolism. That got me interested, but none of these trials ran for years, and doses vary wildly. Most use controlled settings, not the daily grind of real life or mixed diets.
Short-term use in small human trials usually comes up clean, at least for basic safety measures—liver and kidney function, blood counts, and participant-reported side effects. Researchers have tested doses between 150 mg to 450 mg daily for a few months. The magnesium stearate and fillers you see in some capsules make me wonder about gut irritation, especially if you’re popping these over years, not weeks. More concerning, animal studies at higher doses sometimes show trouble—kidney changes, liver issues, or messed-up cholesterol. That doesn’t automatically translate to people, but it raises eyebrows.
No one has run five-year studies to see if daily ursolic acid builds in tissues, quietly nudging liver enzymes or cholesterol. Supplements don’t need FDA approval for safety before hitting the shelves, and companies can sell ursolic acid with bold claims and limited proof. I’ve talked with customers and health coaches who notice stomach upset or headaches after taking it for more than a month. Some see no effect at all. Nobody tracks supplement side effects at scale, so reports go uncounted unless someone has a bad enough reaction to head to a doctor and mention the name.
Jumping onto any supplement with only short-term headlines never feels wise. A review from the Journal of Dietary Supplements says we still don’t know enough about how ursolic acid works with common drugs or chronic health conditions. People dealing with liver or kidney troubles, or those taking medications for blood pressure or diabetes, could face unpredictable results. Food sources—like apples, basil, rosemary—offer much lower amounts, and centuries of eating them don’t equal gulping down concentrated capsules daily.
Any real movement toward safety demands long-term, well-designed studies. Companies selling supplements could fund real research that actually answers safety questions over years, not months. Better labeling would go a long way, too. If the bottle said: “Unknown safety for daily use over six months. Not evaluated in those with kidney or liver conditions,” people could decide with honest information in hand. I always tell folks: talk to a pharmacist or doctor before starting a new supplement. Nobody wins by betting their long-term health on trendy capsules without good data behind them.
Ursolic acid pops up in apple peels, basil, rosemary, and a handful of other common foods. I remember coming across it while poking around nutrition forums. People search for anything that claims to shape muscle and burn away fat without the sketchy reputation of banned substances. The natural angle is appealing—especially from apples or herbs you might already cook with.
Ursolic acid made headlines a few years ago after a study in mice showed it could boost muscle size and strength while blunting weight gain and fat buildup—even on a high-fat diet. That’s head-turning for those of us grinding week after week in the gym only to see minimal changes. In humans, early research suggests ursolic acid might increase muscle mass modestly. One study out of Finland asked physically active men to supplement with it during a resistance training program. They saw a tiny but real bump in muscle, only a few hundred grams, plus a reduction in body fat.
It’s no magic trick or overnight “shred.” The changes land closer to a bonus than a transformation. Every bit helps, especially at later training stages where gains come slower. Most of the improvements come from supporting the body’s own ability to handle resistance workouts. Researchers think ursolic acid might nudge hormone pathways in the muscles, especially those connected to protein synthesis and recovery.
Looking at fat loss, there’s less hype in actual human data. Animal studies show lower fat gain, likely because of a higher resting metabolic rate and better blood sugar control. Humans haven’t seen the same huge drops. In small trials, folks notice minor reductions—enough to register in lab numbers but nothing you would call dramatic on the scale. Most of the benefit probably comes alongside increased activity and a careful diet, not from the supplement alone.
For anyone curious about safety, research doses up to 450 mg per day for a few months appear safe in healthy adults. Nobody needs to take more to chase big benefits. Some people report mild digestive discomfort, but no major risks have shown up in short-term research. That said, nobody has tested daily high doses over years, and the supplement industry isn’t always reliable for what they list on the label. There’s a reason athletes and trainers stick to certified products.
Supplements spark interest because people hope for something extra—a shortcut, an edge, a way to break through stubborn plateaus. From my coaching days, I saw that real change comes from consistency: high-effort workouts, balanced meals, quality sleep. Ursolic acid, if you take it, probably adds a small benefit—think of it like swapping from whole milk to skim but still eating the same calories over the day. It can help, but it won’t substitute real effort.
Check with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement, especially if you take medication or have health conditions. Look for third-party tested products. Track your progress—measure food, log workouts, take photos. Most importantly: build habits you can keep up long after a supplement runs out.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | (1R,2R,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,10R,12aR,14bR)-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-10,11,12,14,14a,14b-hexahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid |
| Other names |
3β-Hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid Malol Prunol Urson Ursol NSC 4060 |
| Pronunciation | /ɜːrˈsɒlɪk ˈæsɪd/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 77-52-1 |
| Beilstein Reference | Beilstein 2058500 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:9908 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL: CHEMBL8216 |
| ChemSpider | 215006 |
| DrugBank | DB15541 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.131.694 |
| EC Number | 3.2.1.40 |
| Gmelin Reference | 13631 |
| KEGG | C09741 |
| MeSH | D014507 |
| PubChem CID | 64945 |
| RTECS number | YU5950000 |
| UNII | DLD6D8K0O5 |
| UN number | UN2811 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | urn:uuid:4cb84ce8-ac5d-4d29-8f6d-6ceda5d6c2da |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C30H48O3 |
| Molar mass | 456.7 g/mol |
| Appearance | White crystalline powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 1.495 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Insoluble in water |
| log P | 5.1 |
| Vapor pressure | <0.0000001 mmHg (25 °C) |
| Acidity (pKa) | 4.76 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 12.82 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | Diamagnetic |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.553 |
| Viscosity | Viscous liquid |
| Dipole moment | 3.12 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 837.1 J/mol·K |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -815.3 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -10,180 kJ/mol |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | A05AA02 |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Harmful if swallowed. Causes skin and eye irritation. May cause respiratory irritation. |
| GHS labelling | GHS07, Warning, H315, H319, H335 |
| Pictograms | GHS07 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H315: Causes skin irritation. H319: Causes serious eye irritation. H335: May cause respiratory irritation. |
| Precautionary statements | P264, P270, P301+P312, P330, P501 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | NFPA 704: 1-1-0 |
| Flash point | > 293.6 °C |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD₅₀ (rat, oral) > 2,000 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): >2000 mg/kg (oral, rat) |
| PEL (Permissible) | 15 mg/kg |
| REL (Recommended) | 150-300 mg daily |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | Not Established |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Maslinic acid Oleanolic acid Erythrodiol Betulinic acid Corosolic acid Asiatic acid |
