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Product Name: Toluene
Chemical Formula: C7H8
Synonyms: Methylbenzene, Phenylmethane
CAS Number: 108-88-3
Recommended Use: Solvent in paint thinners, adhesives, chemical synthesis
Supplier Details: Manufacturer contact, including address and emergency phone number
Emergency Phone: National Poison Control center or local emergency contact
Hazard Classification: Flammable liquid (Category 2), Acute toxicity (Category 4, inhalation), Skin irritation (Category 2), Eye irritation (Category 2A), Specific target organ toxicity (Category 3, central nervous system)
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Pictograms: Flame, Exclamation mark, Health hazard
Hazard Statements: Highly flammable liquid and vapor; may cause drowsiness or dizziness; causes skin and eye irritation; harmful if inhaled
Precautionary Statements: Keep away from heat, sparks, open flames; use only in well-ventilated areas; avoid breathing vapors; wear protective gloves, eye protection, face protection; wash hands thoroughly after handling; store in tightly closed container in a cool place
Chemical Name: Toluene
Concentration: 99-100%
CAS Number: 108-88-3
Impurities: Trace benzene or other solvents (usually less than 0.1%)
Other Identifiers: Not found under major contaminants at high concentrations in reputable sources
Inhalation: Move affected person to fresh air immediately; provide oxygen if breathing is difficult; call a doctor if symptoms persist
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing; rinse skin with soap and water for at least 15 minutes; seek medical attention if irritation occurs
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing and get medical attention if symptoms persist
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; rinse mouth; get immediate medical attention
Most Important Symptoms: Dizziness, headache, confusion, skin dryness, respiratory irritation; in severe cases, risk of unconsciousness and central nervous system depression
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Foam, dry chemical, CO2, water spray (avoid direct water stream)
Unsuitable Media: Straight water jets can spread fire
Specific Hazards: Highly flammable vapors may form explosive mixtures with air; potential for flashback; emits toxic fumes of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide during combustion
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Self-contained breathing apparatus, full protective gear; approach fire from upwind
Special Procedures: Evacuate area, prevent run-off from entering drains or waterways, cool exposed containers with water spray
Personal Precautions: Evacuate unnecessary personnel from area; eliminate sources of ignition; ventilate area; use protective equipment including gloves, eye protection, and respirators
Environmental Precautions: Prevent material from entering soil, drains, sewers, waterways; inform relevant authorities if contamination occurs
Cleanup Methods: Cover liquid spill with inert absorbent material like sand or earth; place in suitable containers for disposal; do not allow spilled product to evaporate indoors; dispose of according to local regulations
Handling: Use only in areas with proper ventilation; ground containers during transfer of liquid; avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing; avoid inhaling vapors; do not use near ignition sources or open flames
Storage: Store in tightly closed, properly labeled containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place; keep away from incompatible materials like strong oxidizers and acids; segregate from food and beverages; avoid direct sunlight; check regularly for leaks or corrosion
Occupational Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL: 200 ppm (TWA); ACGIH TLV: 20 ppm (TWA); NIOSH REL: 100 ppm (TWA), 150 ppm (STEL)
Engineering Controls: Use explosion-proof local exhaust ventilation; install eyewash stations and safety showers in work area
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile or butyl rubber), goggles or face shield, flame-retardant protective clothing, properly fitted respirators (if ventilation is not adequate)
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands and face after handling; clean contaminated clothing before reuse
Appearance: Clear, colorless to water-white liquid
Odor: Distinct, sweet aromatic scent
Odor Threshold: 0.16-37 ppm
pH: Not applicable
Boiling Point: 110.6°C (231°F)
Melting Point: -95°C (-139°F)
Flash Point: 4°C (39°F, closed cup)
Evaporation Rate: 2 (butyl acetate = 1)
Flammability (solid, gas): Flammable
Explosive Limits: Lower: 1.2%, Upper: 7% (vol.)
Vapor Pressure: 22 mmHg at 20°C
Vapor Density: 3.1 (air = 1)
Relative Density: 0.87 (water = 1)
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water (0.05%); soluble in organic solvents
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): 2.65
Auto-ignition Temperature: 480°C
Decomposition Temperature: Not specified
Viscosity: 0.59 mPa·s at 20°C
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal storage and handling
Reactive Materials: Avoid strong oxidizing agents, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, strong bases
Hazardous Reactions: Vapors can form explosive mixtures with air
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, sparks, flames, sources of static electricity
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, possibly other toxic fumes
Polymerization: Does not polymerize under normal conditions
Acute Toxicity: LD50 Oral (rat): 2600 mg/kg; LC50 Inhalation (rat, 4h): 49,000 mg/m3; LD50 Dermal (rabbit): 12,124 mg/kg
Chronic Effects: Long-term exposure can affect central nervous system, liver, kidneys; risk of reproductive toxicity; possible hearing loss
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin contact, eye contact, ingestion
Symptoms: Drowsiness, headache, dizziness, nausea, fatigue, confusion; skin dryness or cracking, eye irritation; high-level exposure may cause unconsciousness
Carcinogenicity: Not classed as carcinogen by IARC, NTP, OSHA; may contain trace benzene, a known carcinogen, in some grades
Sensitization: Not known to cause allergic reactions
Mutagenicity and Reproductive Effects: Evidence from animal studies suggests developmental toxicity at high exposures
Toxicity to Aquatic Life: LC50 (fish, 96h): 5.5 mg/L (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Persistence and Degradability: Biodegradable in soil and water under aerobic conditions
Bioaccumulation Potential: Moderate; BCF (bioconcentration factor) ranges from 13 to 90
Mobility in Soil: Moderate; not strongly absorbed to soil, may leach to groundwater
Other Adverse Effects: Toxic to aquatic organisms; long-term consequences possible with continuous release
Precautions: Avoid uncontrolled release to environment; treat spills promptly
Disposal Methods: Collect and send to licensed hazardous waste facility; do not discharge to sewers, soil, or waterways
Containers: Triple rinse empty containers before disposal; recycle or incinerate according to local guidelines
Contaminated Packaging: Handle as hazardous waste until cleaned
Regulatory References: Follow federal, state, and local disposal rules
UN Number: UN1294
UN Proper Shipping Name: Toluene
Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable liquid)
Packing Group: II
Labels: Flammable liquid
Special Precautions for Transport: Keep containers upright and secure; avoid temperatures above flash point; follow international carriage requirements (ADR, IMO/IMDG, ICAO/IATA)
US Regulations: Toluene listed on TSCA inventory; subject to SARA Title III Sections 302/304/313; RCRA hazardous waste (U220); CERCLA reportable quantity: 1000 lbs
Canada: Present on DSL/NDSL; WHMIS Classification: B2, D2A
Europe: Listed on EINECS/ELINCS, subject to REACH registration; classified under CLP Regulation
Other Standards: Australian AICS, Japanese ENCS/ISHL, Chinese IECSC
Workplace Labelling: Safety phrases and signal words required on storage and handling containers
