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Product Name: Timolol maleate
Chemical Formula: C13H24N4O3S (base), C17H28N4O5S (maleate salt)
Synonyms: Blocadren, Timoptic
CAS Number: 26839-75-8 (Timolol maleate), 26921-17-5 (Timolol base)
Recommended Use: Pharmaceutical compound (beta-blocker)
Supplier Details: Manufacturer or distributor contact on shipping documents
Emergency Contact: Refer to supplier information or local poison control
Intended Use: Medication, research, or manufacturing as prescribed
GHS Classification: Acute toxicity, Eye irritation, Specific target organ toxicity
Signal Word: Warning
Hazard Statements: May cause respiratory or skin irritation, Possible eye damage, May be harmful if swallowed, Toxic to specific organs
Precautionary Statements: Use protective equipment, Avoid inhalation and skin contact, Prevent release to the environment
Potential Health Effects: Eye and skin contact can cause irritation (redness, itching), Inhalation may lead to cough or respiratory discomfort, Ingestion may cause nausea, vomiting, bradycardia, hypotension, and fatigue
Signs of Overexposure: Slow heart rate, low blood pressure, confusion, trouble breathing
Environmental Hazards: Harmful to aquatic life, avoid release into waterways
Chemical Name: Timolol maleate
CAS Number: 26839-75-8 (Maleate) / 26921-17-5 (Base)
Purity: >98% (pharmaceutical grade)
Impurities: Water (trace amounts), other stabilizers if present
Physical State: White to off-white crystalline powder
Other Ingredients: None for pure substance; check formulation for dosage forms
Inhalation: Move to fresh air, seek medical attention for symptoms
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, wash with soap and water, seek care if irritation persists
Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with plenty of water for several minutes, get medical help if symptoms continue
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, do not induce vomiting, seek immediate medical help
Most Important Symptoms: Irregular heartbeat, dizziness, trouble breathing, persistent cough, skin or eye redness
Medical Attention and Special Treatment: Supportive care based on symptoms, hospital monitoring for large exposures, treat slow pulse and low blood pressure as needed
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Carbon dioxide, dry chemical, foam, water spray
Unsuitable Media: High pressure water jets can spread powder
Specific Hazards: May give off toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide if burned
Protective Equipment: Firefighters use self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing
Advice for Firefighters: Move containers away from fire if safe, avoid inhaling smoke, ventilate after fire is out
Thermal Decomposition Products: Toxic and irritating gases — proper respiratory protection required
Personal Precautions: Wear gloves, safety goggles, dust mask or respirator
Spill Cleanup Methods: Sweep up and place in closed rigid container, avoid raising dust, ventilate area
Environmental Precautions: Prevent from entering drains, soil, or water systems
Handling Contaminated Material: Dispose as hazardous waste, double-bag powders and contaminated materials
Decontamination: Wash area with plenty of water and mild detergent, dry thoroughly before reuse
Reporting: Notify appropriate safety officials for large spills or exposure
Handling Precautions: Use inside chemical fume hood or well-ventilated area, avoid inhalation and skin contact, dedicated tools and surfaces
Safe Storage: Store in original tightly-sealed container, cool, dry, away from light and incompatible materials
Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizing agents, strong acids or bases
Other Precautions: Keep away from food, do not use near open flame, track disposal and environmental release
Engineering Controls: Local exhaust ventilation, chemical fume hood
Eye Protection: Safety goggles or face shield
Hand Protection: Disposable nitrile or latex gloves
Skin Protection: Laboratory coat or apron
Respiratory Protection: Dust mask or respirator if airborne powder present
Environmental Controls: Minimize release to air, treat all waste as hazardous, filter exhaust if possible
Exposure Limits: No established specific OSHA, ACGIH or NIOSH limits for Timolol, use pharmaceutical work-practice standard
Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder
Odor: Odorless
Odor Threshold: Not applicable
pH: 4–6 (1% aqueous solution)
Melting Point: 202–204 °C (maleate)
Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes)
Solubility: Freely soluble in water, soluble in methanol and ethanol, slightly soluble in chloroform and ether
Vapor Pressure: Not available
Partition Coefficient (log Kow): -0.2 (estimated)
Flash Point: Not flammable (solid salt)
Density: 1.4–1.5 g/cm³
Viscosity: Not applicable (solid)
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal temperatures and dry conditions
Thermal Decomposition: Can release harmful fumes including nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide
Reactivity: No dangerous reactions expected under normal handling
Incompatible Materials: Avoid mixing with strong oxidizing acids, bases, or agents
Conditions to Avoid: Direct sunlight, high temperatures, moisture
Hazardous Polymerization: Does not occur
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin or eye absorption
Acute Toxicity: LD50 (oral, rat): ~900 mg/kg (maleate), LD50 (oral, mouse): ~375 mg/kg
Chronic Effects: Long-term exposure can affect blood pressure, heart rate, lead to drowsiness or depression, possible effects on the liver
Sensitization: Rare cases of allergic skin or eye reactions
Target Organs: Heart, endocrine organs, central nervous system
Carcinogenicity: Not listed by IARC, NTP, OSHA
Mutagenicity: No robust evidence in humans, animal studies mixed
Reproductive Toxicity: May cross placenta, caution advised in pregnancy
Ecotoxicity: Harmful to aquatic organisms, potential for long-term effects in aquatic environments
Persistence and Degradability: Moderate (pharmaceuticals can remain in water for months)
Bioaccumulation: Low to moderate potential
Mobility in Soil: High water solubility can lead to leaching
Other Effects: Avoid uncontrolled discharge to environment, treat waste chemically or incinerate using licensed facilities
Aquatic Toxicity Data: LC50, fish (estimated): 25–148 mg/L (48-96h)
Additional Info: Can disrupt aquatic ecosystems if persistent
Waste Disposal Methods: Dispose as hazardous pharmaceutical waste, incinerate in permitted facility
Container Disposal: Triple-rinse and puncture containers before discarding as hazardous waste
Special Precautions: Follow local, regional, and national regulations for pharmaceutical waste
Recommended Disposal: High-temperature incineration with afterburner and scrubber for toxic gases
Do Not: Pour down sink, discharge to surface water, mix with household waste
UN Number: Not classified as dangerous goods for transport
Proper Shipping Name: Timolol maleate (no ADR, IMDG, IATA restriction for typical pharmaceutical forms)
Transport Hazard Class: Not regulated
Packing Group: Not applicable
Labeling: Standard pharmaceuticals labelling for shipment; controlled substance warning if required for local laws
Special Precautions for Transport: Protect from physical damage, moisture, extreme temperatures
FDA Status: Approved active pharmaceutical ingredient
OSHA/TSCA: Not listed as hazardous under OSHA or on TSCA
EU/REACH: Not classified for registration as a bulk industrial chemical
WHMIS/Canada: Exempt under medical product regulations
Other Agency Regulations: Dispose of as controlled substance in some countries, check for prescription-only handling
EU GHS / US GHS: Classified for chronic toxicity and specific organ effects
Environmental Listing: Not on major hazardous substance lists, pharmaceutical pollution guidance may apply
