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Name: Sulfuric Acid-d2
Chemical Formula: D2SO4
Synonyms: Deuterated sulfuric acid
Appearance: Colorless to faintly yellow liquid, strongly hygroscopic and highly corrosive
Odor: Odorless or slightly pungent in high concentrations
Use: Frequently turns up in advanced chemical synthesis, analytical labs, NMR studies needing a deuterated acid
Physical hazards: Strong oxidizer, reacts vigorously with water and organic materials
Health hazards: Causes severe burns to skin and eyes; inhalation leads to respiratory burns, possibility of pulmonary edema; ingestion can produce irreversible damage to mucous membranes and gastrointestinal tract
Environmental hazards: Spills risk profoundly damaging aquatic ecosystems and soils, acid runoff lowers pH and disrupts life
Signal Word: Danger
GHS Classification: Skin Corr. 1A, Eye Dam. 1, STOT SE 3 (respiratory irritation)
Main Component: Sulfuric Acid-d2 (CAS No.: 7782-45-6)
Concentration: Nearly pure, typically over 95% in stabilized solutions
Impurities: Trace ordinary sulfuric acid or water from atmospheric uptake, but not intentionally present
Inhalation: Rapidly move victim to fresh air; oxygen if breathing difficulty appears; seek medical attention immediately
Skin Contact: Flush skin copiously with water for at least 15 minutes, remove contaminated clothing; do not use neutralizers directly on skin
Eye Contact: Immediately rinse eyes with clean water for a minimum of 15 minutes, keeping eyelids open; emergency evaluation by an eye specialist is necessary
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; if conscious, rinse mouth and give water to dilute; get urgent medical help
Note: Burns appear fast, pain arrives later; treat all exposure as serious
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, CO2, or foam; never use water jet directly as it reacts violently
Hazardous Combustion Products: Produces toxic, irritating fumes of sulfur oxides under fire conditions
Protective Equipment: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus, full protective suit; acid-resistant gear preferred for all direct firefighting efforts near chemical
Personal precautions: Use acid-resistant gloves, goggles, face protection, and proper ventilation; evacuate all non-essential personnel
Spill Cleanup: Contain spill with non-combustible, absorbent material (vermiculite, dry sand, earth), avoid contact with water or organic materials on surfaces; scoop up and place in acid-resistant container for proper disposal
Environmental Precautions: Block runoff, never wash into drains, open water bodies, or soil; neutralize cautiously with sodium bicarbonate or lime if safe to do so, watching for heat and splattering
Decontamination: Wash affected area with copious amounts of water after removing the bulk
Handling: Wear full acid-resistant PPE; always add acid to water, never reverse; prevent vapor formation; avoid carrying open containers outside lab hood or containment
Storage: Store in tight, corrosion-resistant containers (glass, PTFE-lined vessels), in cool, dry, ventilated area away from moisture, metals, organic materials, and bases; segregate from nitric acid, organic acids, cyanides
Events: Recap containers tightly; check vessels regularly for leaks or corrosion; keep emergency first aid and neutralization agents nearby
Engineering Controls: Use fume hood, local exhaust; process enclosures for high-volume uses
Personal Protective Equipment: Heavy-duty acid-resistant gloves (butyl rubber, neoprene), long-sleeved lab coat, chemical splash goggles, face shield, acid-resistant apron
Respiratory Protection: NIOSH-approved acid gas respirators for mist/excess vapor, especially outside ventilated areas
Environmental Controls: Maintain spill kits; have eyewash and safety shower within immediate reach
Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL: 1 mg/m3 (as sulfuric acid), ACGIH TLV: 0.2 mg/m3 for mist
State: Liquid
Color: Clear, colorless to faint yellow
Odor: None or slight
Melting Point: Slightly higher than regular sulfuric acid due to D2 content
Boiling Point: Around 337°C (slightly higher for D2SO4)
Solubility: Completely soluble in water, heat and acid/spattering released on mixing
Density: About 1.840 g/cm3 at 20°C (slightly greater than H2SO4)
pH: <1 (very strong acid)
Stability: Stable when stored correctly, but absorbs moisture and reacts with water, forming dangerous heat and acid mist
Reactivity: Rapid, violent reaction with water, bases, metals, reducing agents, organic compounds; oxidizes many substances
Decomposition: On strong heating, decomposes to SO3, deuterium oxide, and sulfur oxides
Incompatible Materials: Moisture, strong bases, organic materials, reactive metals (aluminum, sodium, potassium), halogenated hydrocarbons
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, eye and skin contact
Acute Effects: Severe irritation, tissue destruction, respiratory tract damage, burns
Chronic Effects: Repeated exposure can lead to lung damage, dental erosion, chronic bronchitis
Carcinogenicity: Strong acid mists proved carcinogenic to humans according to IARC
Delayed Symptoms: Pulmonary edema, long-term respiratory impairment
LD50 Data: Comparable to non-deuterated sulfuric acid; corrosive action is key hazard, not systemic toxicity
Toxicity: Highly corrosive to aquatic life, even in diluted form; changes water pH rapidly, causes fish kills
Persistence and Degradability: Does not degrade in environment; neutralizes to sulfate over time if properly diluted, but initial acid load is destructive
Bioaccumulation: No significant potential
Mobility: Spreads rapidly in water, acidifies soils and waterways
Other Effects: Large spills cause ongoing soil sterilization and local water contamination, risky for recovery of affected areas
Neutralization: Neutralize carefully with base (sodium bicarbonate, lime) in a controlled manner to prevent splatter and excessive heat
Contaminated Packaging: Rinse with water under neutralizing conditions before disposal, check local rules
Disposal Protocols: Take to licensed chemical disposal facility, never pour into sewers, soil, or waterways
Precautions: Keep neutralization slow, monitor temperature, wear full PPE, ensure venting
UN Number: UN1830 for sulfuric acid solutions
Proper Shipping Name: Sulfuric Acid, d2-labeled
Hazard Class: 8 (corrosive substances)
Packing Group: II (medium danger)
Labeling: Corrosive
Transport Precautions: Use sealed, upright containers, secure against tipping; do not transport with incompatible goods
International Regulations: Listed as hazardous under major systems (GHS, EU-CLP, US OSHA); requires clear labeling and safe storage
Workplace Safety: Complies with OSHA, ACGIH, and EU limits on acid concentration exposure
Environmental Release: Restricted discharge; reportable quantity regulations in many countries for spill response and cleanup
Restricted Uses: Regulated under chemical handling codes in academic, commercial, and transit settings
