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Chemical Name: 2,2',7,7'-Tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene
Common Name: Spiro-MeOTAD
Appearance: Off-white to pale yellow powder
Use: Widely used as a hole-transport material in perovskite solar cells and organic electronics
Odor: Faint, slightly aromatic scent
Form: Solid powder, typically supplied in a sealed container to minimize exposure
Chemical Formula: C81H68N4O8
Molecular Weight: Approximately 1450.42 g/mol
Main Risks: Irritation to eyes, skin, and respiratory tract upon direct contact
Inflammability: Possible combustible dust hazard if fine particles disperse in air
Health Signal Words: Irritant
Precautionary Statements: Avoid inhalation of dust or direct contact with skin and eyes, and use protective measures to prevent exposure
Chronic Exposure: Limited data on long-term effects; general industrial safety protocols minimize risk
Target Organs: Respiratory system, skin, eyes
Potential for Sensitization: Some anecdotal reports suggest possible mild allergenic reaction on sensitive skin
Main Ingredient: Spiro-MeOTAD, purity typically >98%
Impurities: Trace amounts of associated synthesis solvents or byproducts, rarely exceeding fraction of a percent
Additives: Occasionally comes with small quantities of lithium salts or other dopants, information should be checked from supplier
Solvent Association: Commonly dissolved in chlorobenzene or acetonitrile for application, but shipped as dry powder
Inhalation: Remove individual to well-ventilated area, seek fresh air, consult medical evaluation if symptoms persist
Skin Contact: Wash with soap and plenty of water, remove contaminated clothing, irritation calls for further medical attention
Eye Contact: Rinse thoroughly for at least 15 minutes with eyewash, keep eyes open, medical attention if discomfort persists
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, avoid inducing vomiting, consult physician for thorough examination
General Advice: Immediate access to eyewash stations and safety showers reduces risks, ongoing education on safe practices helps prevent exposure
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, CO2, or foam for small fires; water spray for cooling
Unsuitable Media: Do not use direct water stream as it may disperse powder
Fire Hazards: Can emit toxic fumes, such as nitrogen oxides and carbon oxides, under combustion
Protective Equipment: Firefighters should use full protective gear and self-contained breathing apparatus
Thermal Decomposition: Incomplete combustion releases potentially hazardous gases, which underscores the need for controlled incineration
Explosion Potential: Fine dust can form explosive mixtures in air, making dust control during handling critical
Spill Provisions: Wear respirator, gloves, and eye protection
Containment: Sweep up spills gently, avoid dust generation, use tools or damp paper for collection
Surface Cleaning: Wipe surfaces with damp cloth, then wash with detergent and water to remove residues
Disposal: Collect residue in sealable containers for disposal according to local regulations
Environmental Release: Prevent material from entering drains and water courses to avoid ecological harm
Work Policy: Isolate spill area until clean-up is complete, restrict access to trained personnel
Handling: Operate in well-ventilated fume hood to control dust, avoid generating fine particles, use antistatic equipment
Personal Hygiene: Wash hands and forearms thoroughly after handling, remove contaminated clothing promptly
Storage: Keep container tightly sealed, store in cool, dry place out of direct sunlight, separate from oxidizing agents
Segregation: Store away from food, beverages, and incompatible substances, label storage area clearly
Spill Containment: Maintain spill control materials nearby, educate staff in immediate response actions
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation, fume hoods, and dust control systems
Respiratory Protection: NIOSH or equivalent approved respirators for airborne exposure
Hand Protection: Nitrile or neoprene gloves to prevent skin contact
Eye Protection: Safety goggles certified for chemical splash resistance
Skin Protection: Lab coats or protective clothing to avoid direct skin exposure
Exposure Limits: No established occupational exposure limits; apply general chemical safety limits by default
Physical State: Solid powder
Color: Off-white to pale yellow
Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents like chlorobenzene, dichloromethane, acetonitrile
Odor: Slightly aromatic
Melting Point: Above 240°C
Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes before boiling)
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at ambient temperatures
Density: Falls in the range for typical organic powders, low bulk density
Chemical Stability: Stable under ordinary conditions with proper storage
Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizing agents, acids, and bases may trigger hazardous reactions
Hazardous Decomposition: Nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides possible at high temperatures
Polymerization: Not expected under normal laboratory or industrial conditions
Reactivity: Reacts slowly with atmospheric moisture, so keep tightly closed when not in use
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin, and eye contact most common
Short-term Effects: Respiratory and skin irritation reported among laboratory staff in case of mishandling
Long-term Data: Research reports scarce, worth treating as potentially harmful until more studies emerge
Carcinogenicity: Not listed by IARC, NTP, or OSHA as a known carcinogen
Mutagenicity: No data supporting genetic toxicity
Possible Symptoms: Sneezing, coughing, redness in eyes or mild rash on hands if exposed without protection
Aquatic Toxicity: Limited data; avoid discharge into waterways as persistent organics can harm aquatic life
Mobility: Low mobility in soil due to large molecular weight
Degradability: Not readily biodegradable, represents long-term persistence hazard
Bioaccumulation: Molecular structure points to possible persistence in environmental compartments
Environmental Standards: Best environmental practice recommends full containment and appropriate disposal to minimize risk
Waste Treatment: Dispose through licensed hazardous waste contractor
Incineration: Suitable for well-controlled incineration with flue-gas scrubbing to prevent release of hazardous byproducts
Container Handling: Rinse empty containers with solvent then triple-rinse with water before sending for specialized recycling or disposal, labels should be removed or defaced
Regulatory Compliance: Follow regional guidelines for solid organic waste, avoid sending waste to regular landfill
UN Number: Not assigned for general transport, typically handled as laboratory chemicals
Transport Hazard Class: Non-regulated under most standards, but should be treated as hazardous in bulk quantities due to dust potential
Packaging Requirements: Seal containers, use secondary containment, label according to chemical transport rules
Environmental Precautions During Transport: Prevent leakage and protect from mechanical shock or heat
Global Inventories: Not widely listed in consumer or commercial inventories
Worker Protection: Compliance with OSHA or regional chemical hygiene standards
Labeling: Proper hazard pictograms and warning statements based on laboratory hazard assessments
Record Keeping: Maintain usage and disposal logs as good laboratory practice
Community Right-to-Know: Share risk information with local safety officers and relevant environmental agencies upon request
