© 2026 Nanjing Finechem Holdings Co., Ltd,
All Right Reserved
Product Name: Sodium Hydroxide
Synonyms: Lye, Caustic Soda
Chemical Formula: NaOH
CAS Number: 1310-73-2
Recommended Use: Industrial cleaning, chemical manufacturing, pH regulation, water treatment
Manufacturer Contact: Emergency phone numbers from supplier, included on product packaging, accessible through company safety portal
GHS Classification: Corrosive to metals (Category 1), Acute toxicity oral (Category 4), Skin corrosion (Category 1A), Serious eye damage (Category 1)
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage; may cause respiratory irritation; harmful if swallowed
Precautionary Statements: Wear protective gear; do not breathe dust or mist; wash thoroughly after handling; store locked up; dispose of contents safely
Pictograms: Corrosive symbol, exclamation mark
Chemical Identity: Sodium Hydroxide
Common Name: Caustic Soda
Concentration: 98-100% (industrial grade solid); concentration varies in solutions
Impurities and Stabilizing Additives: Trace sodium chloride, sodium carbonate possible from production process
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air, give oxygen if breathing is difficult, seek immediate medical attention
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, wash thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes, do not use neutralizing chemicals on skin, get medical help
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously for several minutes, remove contact lenses if present and easy, continue rinsing, call poison control or a doctor right away
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, do not induce vomiting, drink water if advised by a health professional, immediate medical attention required
Notes for Physicians: Treat for caustic burns, monitor airway
Flash Point: Not flammable
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or foam; do not use water directly on product
Fire Hazards: As a strong base, reacts exothermically with acids and water; contact with moisture or heat may generate caustic mist
Protective Equipment: Self-contained breathing apparatus, full protective gear
Special Procedures: Approach from upwind to avoid fumes, contain runoff to prevent contamination of waterways
Personal Precautions: Evacuate unnecessary personnel, use personal protective equipment, ventilate area
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into sewers or water systems, avoid release to the environment
Clean-Up Methods: Scoop up solid product or absorb with inert material, neutralize with diluted acetic or citric acid, collect residue and place in approved container, wash area with plenty of water
Disposal: Dispose collected material as hazardous waste in compliance with local, state, and federal regulations
Handling Precautions: Handle only in areas with adequate ventilation, avoid creating dust, keep away from incompatible materials such as acids and metals, wear proper personal protective equipment
Storage Conditions: Store in tightly closed containers, keep in cool, dry, well-ventilated area, protect from moisture and carbon dioxide, store away from acids and organics
Storage Temperature: Ambient temperature recommended
Incompatibilities: Acids, organics, aluminum, tin, zinc, and moisture
Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL: 2 mg/m³ (Ceiling), ACGIH TLV: 2 mg/m³ (Ceiling)
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation, safety showers, and eyewash stations nearby
Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves (butyl rubber, neoprene), safety goggles or face shield, impervious apron, boots
Respiratory Protection: Approved respirator if dust or mist is present
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands before eating, drinking, or smoking, remove contaminated clothing before entering eating areas
Appearance: White solid, pellets, flakes, or granules; clear colorless solution
Odor: Odorless
pH: 13-14 (1% solution)
Melting Point: 318°C (604°F)
Boiling Point: 1,388°C (2,530°F)
Solubility: Soluble in water with heat evolution
Density: 2.13 g/cm³ (solid)
Vapor Pressure: Negligible
Evaporation Rate: Not relevant
Other Data: Reacts vigorously with acids, aluminum, zinc, and moisture
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Reactivity: Reacts violently with acids, water, and some metals
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Produces heat and toxic fumes on contact with acids
Conditions to Avoid: Moisture, heat, acids, incompatible materials like aluminum, tin, zinc, and organic compounds
Polymerization: Will not occur
Incompatible Materials: Acids, ammonium compounds, halogenated hydrocarbons, organic nitro compounds, metals releasing hydrogen gas
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin and eye contact, ingestion
Health Effects: Severe burns on skin or eyes, possible blindness, upper respiratory tract irritation or damage, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting if ingested
Short-Term Exposure: Damage to mucous membranes, swelling, pain, irreversible tissue destruction
Long-Term Exposure: Scarring of tissues, chronic respiratory problems, erosion of teeth
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic by IARC, NTP, or OSHA
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 (rat): 140-340 mg/kg; inhalation and dermal values not well established
Other Data: No sensitization, no reproductive toxicity noted in studies
Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic life by altering pH of water bodies, can kill fish and aquatic organisms quickly
Persistence and Degradability: Product dissociates completely in water, increasing alkalinity
Bioaccumulation Potential: Does not bioaccumulate
Mobility in Soil: Highly mobile in water, can raise pH in soil and water
Other Adverse Effects: Alters ecosystem balance, may corrode infrastructure, treat runoff as hazardous
Disposal Methods: Follow local, state, and federal hazardous waste regulations, neutralize carefully and dilute with excess water before discharge where permitted; solids must go to approved landfill or incineration facility
Container Disposal: Rinse thoroughly before recycling or discarding, do not reuse container for food or drinks
Special Precautions: Prevent chemical from entering storm drains, surface waters, or soil
UN Number: UN1823 (solid), UN1824 (solution)
Proper Shipping Name: Sodium Hydroxide, Solid or Solution
Hazard Class: 8 (Corrosive substances)
Packing Group: II
Label Requirements: Corrosive
Transport Hazards: Containers must be secure, protected from moisture, and clearly labeled
Special Guidelines: Emergency procedures for leaks, spills, or accidents must be accessible to handlers and drivers
TSCA: Listed on the Toxic Substances Control Act Inventory
SARA Title III: Reportable quantity 1,000 lb (454 kg), subject to Sections 302, 313 for emergency planning and community right-to-know
OSHA: Classified as hazardous under 29 CFR 1910.1200
CERCLA: Requires notification of releases greater than or equal to reportable quantity
State Regulations: Subject to state-specific chemical safety and environmental regulations
International Regulations: Listed in European Union REACH, Canadian DSL, Australian AICS, and Japanese ENCS chemical inventories
