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Product Name: Quinalphos
Chemical Name: O,O-diethyl O-quinoxalin-2-yl phosphorothioate
Common Synonyms: Agrovin, Ekalux, Gudrin, Morestan
CAS Number: 13593-03-8
Recommended Use: Insecticide for agricultural application on crops
Supplier Information: Distributed by multiple agrochemical companies, specific contact information required for sourcing
Emergency Contact Number: National poison control or emergency services as indicated on packaging
UN Number for Transport: 2783
GHS Classification: Acute Toxicity (Oral) Category 2, Acute Toxicity (Inhalation) Category 2, Skin Corrosive/Irritation Category 2A, Eye Damage/Irritation Category 2A, Specific Target Organ Toxicity
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Toxic if swallowed or inhaled, causes skin and eye irritation, risk of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure
Pictograms: Skull and crossbones, exclamation mark
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing dust or fumes, wash thoroughly after handling, use only outdoors or in well-ventilated area, wear protective gloves, clothing, and eye protection
Environmental Hazards: Highly toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
Chemical Composition: Quinalphos 75% by weight (typical in formulations), inert ingredients and carrier solvents 25%
Active Ingredient: Quinalphos (O,O-diethyl O-quinoxalin-2-yl phosphorothioate)
Impurities: May contain small amounts of related phosphorothioates, impurities less than 1%
Molecular Formula: C12H15N2O3PS
Molecular Weight: 314.30 g/mol
Inhalation: Remove person to fresh air, keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing, administer oxygen if necessary, seek medical attention immediately
Skin Contact: Take off contaminated clothing and shoes, rinse skin with plenty of water for at least 20 minutes, wash with soap, seek medical advice if symptoms develop
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes, remove contact lenses if present and easy to do, continue rinsing and get medical attention
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting, rinse mouth with water, administer activated charcoal if medically advised, seek immediate medical attention
Note to Physicians: Treat symptomatically, maintain airway, consider atropine or pralidoxime for cholinesterase inhibition, monitor vital signs closely
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray (do not use direct water stream, may spread material)
Specific Hazards in Fire: Combustion releases toxic gases of phosphorus oxides, oxides of nitrogen, sulfur oxides, and hydrogen chloride
Protective Equipment: Firefighters wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), chemical resistant clothing, and gloves
Special Procedures: Evacuate area downwind from fire, contain contaminated runoff, keep containers cool with water spray, prevent spillage from entering drains
Personal Precautions: Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves, goggles, and respiratory protection
Environmental Precautions: Prevent product from entering watercourses, sewers, or soil
Containment and Clean Up: Collect spilled material and place in secure, labeled container for disposal, use inert absorbent for liquid spills, wash spill area after removal
Decontamination: Wash tools and contaminated surfaces with detergent or soapy water, ventilate area thoroughly
Reporting: Report significant spill to relevant authorities as per local regulations
Safe Handling: Work in well-ventilated area, avoid skin and eye contact, do not breathe dust or vapor, wash hands after use, keep away from food, drink, and animal feed
Storage Conditions: Store in original container tightly closed, away from heat, sparks, open flames, and direct sunlight, segregate from incompatible materials (alkalis, strong acids)
Storage Temperature: Maintain below 40°C to prevent breakdown of the active ingredient
Incompatibility: Avoid mixing with oxidizers, acids, or alkaline substances
Specific Requirements: Keep out of reach of children and unauthorized persons, label containers clearly and store in secure, ventilated chemical storage facility
Exposure Limits: Occupational exposure limits not established specifically for Quinalphos, general guidelines based on pesticide control limits typically less than 0.2 mg/m³ (8-hour TWA)
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation or process enclosure to minimize exposure, ensure eye wash stations and safety showers are accessible
Personal Protection: Wear chemical resistant gloves (nitrile, neoprene), coveralls or apron, non-slip rubber boots, safety goggles or face shield, approved P2 or N95 respirator for dust or spray mist
Hygiene Measures: Wipe hands and exposed skin after handling, change contaminated clothing before eating or leaving work area, do not eat, drink, or smoke during use
Appearance: Pale yellow to brown liquid or crystalline solid (formulation dependent)
Odor: Faint characteristic chemical odor
Melting Point: 49-50°C (pure)
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Flash Point: Above 80°C
Solubility: Low solubility in water (approx. 1.5 mg/L at 20°C), soluble in most organic solvents
Vapor Pressure: Low (approx. 5.40 x 10⁻⁶ mmHg at 20°C)
Density: 1.26–1.30 g/cm³ (at 20°C)
pH (1% solution): 4.0–5.0
Stability: Stable at recommended storage condition, prone to hydrolysis in alkaline conditions
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions, degrades with prolonged exposure to light, heat, or alkaline environments
Reactivity: Reacts slowly with water, hydrolyzes at elevated pH
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Decomposition produces toxic and irritant fumes including phosphorus, sulfur, and nitrogen oxides
Incompatible Materials: Avoid contact with strong oxidants, acids, or alkalis
Polymerization: Not known to occur under normal storage and handling
Acute Toxicity – Oral: LD50 (rat) 10–40 mg/kg
Acute Toxicity – Dermal: LD50 (rat) 100–310 mg/kg
Acute Toxicity – Inhalation: LC50 (rat, 4hr) 0.08–0.34 mg/L
Symptoms of Exposure: Headache, dizziness, nausea, miosis, muscle weakness, respiratory difficulty, cholinergic symptoms (due to acetylcholinesterase inhibition), may lead to convulsions and respiratory failure
Chronic Effects: Prolonged or repeated exposure may affect nervous system, liver, kidney
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as human carcinogen by IARC or EPA at typical exposure levels
Sensitization: Possible skin sensitizer upon prolonged contact
Mutagenicity and Teratogenicity: No adequate data in humans, some animal studies show adverse effects at high doses
Aquatic Toxicity: Highly toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates, LC50 (96 hr, fish) 0.43 mg/L (common carp), Daphnia EC50 0.45 mg/L
Bird Toxicity: Moderate to high toxicity to birds, LD50 (quail) 62 mg/kg
Persistence and Degradability: Degrades in soil and water through hydrolysis and microbial action, half-life ranges from days to a few weeks, persistent in anaerobic aquatic conditions
Bioaccumulation: Significant potential to bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms
Mobility: Low to moderate in soil under field conditions, potential for runoff to water bodies
Waste Treatment: Incinerate in approved chemical incinerator with afterburner and scrubber, never dispose in open environment
Container Disposal: Rinse empty containers thoroughly and render unusable, dispose through authorized hazardous waste handler
Spillage Disposal: Absorb small quantities onto earth or sand, collect and transfer to secure labeled drums for disposal
Combustion: Do not burn in open air, toxic fumes
Legal Requirements: Dispose in compliance with local, regional, and national regulations for hazardous waste
UN Number: 2783
Proper Shipping Name: Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable (Quinalphos)
Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic), subsidiary risk 3 (Flammable)
Packing Group: II
Labeling: Toxic, flammable liquid
Transport Precautions: Keep away from foodstuffs, animal feed, segregate from incompatible materials, prevent spillage
Special Provisions: Notify transporter, shipper, and receiver of dangerous nature, carry emergency procedures documentation
Registration Status: Registered for agricultural use in some countries with restrictions
OSHA Status: Not specifically regulated under OSHA, falls under general hazard communication and pesticide standards
EPA Status: Classified as a restricted use pesticide (RUP) in the United States due to high toxicity, banned or restricted in several countries based on local legislation
SARA/Title III: Subject to reporting requirements due to acute toxicity and environmental impact
EU Regulations: Listed on Annex I of Directive 91/414/EEC for approved substances or not approved in some member countries
Labeling Requirements: Product labels must clearly state hazard symbols, precautionary statements, protective directions, environmental warnings, and emergency procedures
Worker Protection: Applicators and handlers must follow established safety and training protocols including certification for restricted pesticides
Other Standards: Subject to international transport rules under IMDG, IATA, ADR/RID regulations for hazardous chemicals
