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Product Name: Pyridine
Chemical Formula: C5H5N
Synonyms: Azabenzene, Pyridin, Pyridinic Base
CAS Number: 110-86-1
Recommended Uses: Laboratory reagent, solvent manufacturing, chemical synthesis, pharmaceuticals
Supplier Info: Contact details vary by distributor; check local supply documentation
Emergency Contact: National emergency response center, Poison Control—specific hotlines for hazardous chemicals
GHS Classification: Flammable liquid (Category 2), Acute toxicity—oral/inhalation (Category 3), Skin/eye irritation (Category 2)
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Toxic if inhaled or swallowed, causes skin and eye irritation, may cause respiratory irritation, highly flammable liquid and vapor, harmful to aquatic life
Pictograms: Flame, Skull and Crossbones, Exclamation Mark
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, dermal contact, eye contact
Precautionary Statements: Keep away from heat and sources of ignition, wear protective equipment, avoid breathing vapors, wash exposed skin thoroughly after handling, obtain medical attention after exposure
Chemical Name: Pyridine
Formula: C5H5N
Molecular Weight: 79.1 g/mol
Concentration: 100% (pure)
Impurities: Trace water, possible minor organic volatiles depending on storage and source
Additives: None reported in scientific or manufacturing literature for commercial pyridine
Inhalation: Move exposed person to fresh air fast, keep airway clear, monitor for breathing distress, provide oxygen or CPR as needed, seek medical care
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, wash skin thoroughly with soap and plenty of water, do not reuse contaminated clothing before laundering, get medical help if irritation continues
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes gently with water for at least 15 minutes, lift eyelids occasionally, do not allow victim to rub eyes, get immediate medical attention
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, do not induce vomiting, offer water if victim is alert, seek urgent medical care, monitor for convulsions or loss of consciousness
Most Important Symptoms: Sore throat, headache, dizziness, nausea, burning eyes or skin, potentially serious respiratory effects
Acute/Potential Delayed Effects: Respiratory failure, CNS depression, chemical burns in severe exposure, kidney or liver risk
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical powder, CO2, sand for small spills
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: Do not use direct water jets; vapor may ignite
Specific Hazards: Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air, combustion generates toxic nitrogen oxides, exposure to heat increases vapor pressure
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Self-contained breathing apparatus, full-body flameproof suit
Firefighting Advice: Evacuate non-emergency personnel, keep containers cool with water spray, avoid inhaling fumes, stay upwind, remove ignition sources
Combustion Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, other irritant gases
Personal Precautions: Use personal protective equipment—gloves, goggles, chemical-resistant boots, and respirator if needed
Environmental Precautions: Prevent from entering drains, soil, surface water, keep animals and untrained people clear
Methods for Clean-Up: Absorb spill with sand, inert material, or universal binder, collect in labeled container for disposal, ventilate affected area, wash spill site once clean-up is complete
Vapor Control: Use explosion-proof ventilation, avoid sparks and static discharge, use non-sparking tools
Decontamination: Small amounts—wipe and get rid of towels in hazardous waste; large spills—contact local emergency resources
Handling: Use chemical safety goggles, impervious gloves, face shield if splash risk is present, use only in well-ventilated areas or fume hood, ground containers and equipment, keep away from open flames or sparks
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizers, acids, perchlorates, acid chlorides, light metals, sources of ignition
Storage Requirements: Store in a tightly-sealed container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight and incompatible substances, use secondary containment for large volumes
Special notes: Segregate from food and drinks, regularly check containers for leaks, store at temperatures under 30°C if possible, date all containers upon receipt and opening
Occupational Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL: 5 ppm (16 mg/m³) TWA; ACGIH TLV: 1 ppm (3.1 mg/m³) TWA
Engineering Controls: Use explosion-proof mechanical exhaust ventilation, chemical fume hoods, maintain eyewash stations and safety showers nearby
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile, neoprene), ANSI-approved goggles, lab coat, flame-resistant coveralls if risk of fire
Respiratory Protection: NIOSH/MSHA-approved respirator if airborne exposure exceeds recommended limits, check local regulations
Environmental Controls: Handle in manner that prevents release to environment, capture vapors and dispose as hazardous waste
Appearance: Colorless to yellow liquid
Odor: Fish-like, unpleasant, noticeable even at low concentrations
Odor Threshold: 0.6 ppm
Melting Point: -41.6°C
Boiling Point: 115.2°C
Flash Point: 17°C (closed cup)
Auto-Ignition Temperature: 482°C
Flammability: Highly flammable
Explosive Limits: Lower: 1.8% – Upper: 12.4% (v/v)
Vapor Pressure: 18 mmHg at 20°C
Vapor Density: 2.7 (air = 1)
Relative Density: 0.978 g/cm3 at 20°C
Solubility: Miscible with water, ethanol, ether, benzene
Evaporation Rate: 0.76 (butyl acetate = 1)
Partition Coefficient (log Kow): 0.65
pH: Alkaline in aqueous solution
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions, sensitive to light and heat, can polymerize upon exposure to strong acids
Reactivity: Reacts violently with strong oxidizing agents, attacks some plastics, potentially forms hazardous decompositions with acid chlorides
Hazardous Reactions: May ignite on contact with chromium trioxide or perchlorates, intense exothermic reactions possible with acids
Decomposition Products: Toxic gases, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, low molecular weight organics
Conditions to Avoid: Open flames, high temperature, static discharge, mixing with incompatible materials
Acute Toxicity: LD50 (oral, rat): 891 mg/kg; LC50 (inhalation, rat 4h): 28500 mg/m3
Symptoms of Exposure: Irritation of respiratory system, eyes, skin, headache, nausea, vomiting, signs of narcosis, liver and kidney impacts with repeated exposure
Chronic Toxicity: Possible chronic liver, kidney, or nervous system changes; effects in animals include altered blood and enzyme values; no proven cancer risk in humans
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin absorption, eye contact, ingestion
Carcinogenicity: Not listed as a known carcinogen by NTP, IARC, or OSHA
Mutagenicity: Some mutagenic effects in bacteria
Reproductive Toxicity: Not well established, limited evidence for reproductive effects in animal studies
Ecotoxicity: Harmful to aquatic life, especially fish; toxic to algae (EC50 0.34 mg/L, 72h)
Persistence and Degradability: Moderately persistent, biodegrades in water and soil but process may be slow
Bioaccumulative Potential: Low, due to low Kow and rapid metabolism by microorganisms
Mobility in Soil: Readily migrates, miscible in water, likely to leach through soil to groundwater
Other Adverse Effects: Can disrupt natural microflora, presents long-term hazard for aquatic environments during spills or runoff
Waste Disposal: Treat as hazardous waste, incineration in a chemical incinerator with afterburner and scrubber recommended
Container Handling: Triple rinse containers before disposal, ensure all labeling removed or destroyed
Do Not: Discharge to surface water, sewers, or natural environment; avoid landfill disposal
Regulatory Requirements: Check local, regional, and national regulations for hazardous chemical disposal, obtain permits for large quantities
UN Number: UN1282
UN Proper Shipping Name: Pyridine
Transport Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable Liquids)
Packing Group: II
Labels: Flammable liquid label required
Special Transport Precautions: Keep away from food, sealed containers only, avoid shipment with oxidizers or acids, transport using DOT/EU ADR compliant vehicles and containers, observe handling restrictions on passenger aircraft/vehicles
Regulatory Information: Meets requirements for transport of dangerous goods via road, air, rail, and sea
OSHA: Listed hazardous chemical, workplace exposure limits established
SARA Title III: Subject to reporting under Sections 302, 313
TSCA: Registered substance
REACH: Registered under European chemical regulations, use must comply with annexed safety measures
Canadian DSL/NDSL: Listed substance
Other Regulatory Lists: Included on multiple national hazardous chemical inventories, may trigger local emission or workplace safety reporting
