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Substance Name: Potassium Antimonyl Tartrate Monohydrate
Chemical Formula: K(SbO)C4H4O6·H2O
Common Names: Potassium antimony tartrate, tartar emetic
Appearance: Colorless crystals with a salty, metallic, sometimes faintly sweet taste
Odor: Odorless
Main Use: Historically used in medicine, laboratories, and as a reagent
Pitfall: Easy confusion with other salts due to appearance, so labeling clearly in physical settings reduces risk
Main Hazards: Toxic if swallowed, inhaled, or in contact with skin
Health Hazards: Exposure can bring on nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions; long-term exposure might damage liver, heart, or kidneys
Physical Hazards: Not flammable, but dangerous substances might be released if heated to decomposition
Warning Signs: Headache, skin irritation, dizziness signal immediate action
Environmental Hazards: Harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects, needs extra caution near drains or open waterways
Main Ingredient: Potassium Antimonyl Tartrate Monohydrate
Key Component: Antimony, known for toxic effects in soluble form
Typical Purity: Usually over 98% in lab-grade products
Other Ingredients: Hydration water, possible trace tartaric acid
If Inhaled: Bring person into fresh air; make breathing easier; monitor for respiratory symptoms
If Swallowed: Rinse mouth, never encourage vomiting; get medical help right away
Contact with Eyes: Rinse with running water for several minutes, keep eyelids wide open
Contact with Skin: Remove dirty clothes, wash skin with soap and water, avoid scrubbing
Additional Note: Do not try home remedies; only trained professionals should assess for poisoning symptoms
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, dry chemical, or foam; avoid plain water if powder is widespread
Combustion Hazards: Heating or fire releases toxic antimony or potassium oxides
Protective Equipment: Firefighters need self-contained breathing apparatus and full gear
Advice: Keep upwind, stay out of smoke, minimize run-off into water
Personal Precautions: Wear gloves, goggles, avoid dust; cordon off area to limit access
Cleanup: Scoop up spilled solid; use damp cloth to trap dust; avoid sweeping which will send particles airborne
Environmental Measures: Block entry to drains or soil; use absorbent materials for larger spills
Disposal: Collect powder in closed, labeled containers for approved waste management collection
Note: Limit time spent in contaminated area; ventilate space after cleanup
Handling: Wear gloves, eye protection, avoid skin contact; use in well-ventilated areas
Precautions: Never eat, drink, or smoke while using; wash hands thoroughly after handling
Storage: Keep sealed in moisture-free, clearly labeled containers; store away from food and incompatible materials such as acids
Important Detail: Maintain a spill kit and clear instructions in storage area for emergencies
Engineering Controls: Fans and fume hoods work best to keep dust low
Personal Protective Equipment: Gloves (nitrile), chemical-resistant apron, safety goggles, dust mask or N95 respirator
Hygiene: Change clothes after work; regular laundering of uniforms stops spread to home
Monitoring: Routine air quality sampling helps spot risks before they build up
Physical State: Solid, crystalline
Color: White or colorless
Melting Point: Decomposes before melting
Solubility: Dissolves well in water
Odor: None
Other Data: Slightly hygroscopic, absorbs water from humid air, can cake or degrade over long storage in poor conditions
Stability: Stable if kept dry and sealed
Reactivity: Reacts with strong acids, reducing agents
Decomposition: Heats to produce antimony oxides and possibly carbon oxides
Incompatibilities: Acids, peroxides, strong reducing agents
Toxicity: High; oral LD50 in humans estimated less than 100 mg/kg
Symptoms: Vomiting, dehydration, cardiac irregularity, muscular cramps, potential shock
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin absorption
Chronic Effects: Possible liver, kidney, cardiovascular injury after repeated exposure
Carcinogenicity: Some evidence for cancer risk with chronic antimony exposure, though not fully classified
Environmental Risk: Antimony compounds build up in soil, harm water life, block normal plant growth
Aquatic Impact: Acute toxicity to fish and aquatic invertebrates; avoid releasing even small amounts into effluent
Soil Risk: Long-term pollution possible in spills; hard to remove once present
Advice: Careful inventory management and spill prevention lower chance of accidental release
Preferred Disposal: Send as hazardous chemical waste under licensed routes
Do Not: Dump in regular trash, pour down the drain, mix with normal recyclables
Handling Waste: Double-bag and label waste in leak-proof, tight-sealing containers
Cleaner Alternatives: Only buy as much as needed, share excess with other labs if possible
UN Number: Subject to national legislation (such as UN 1557 for antimony compounds)
Classification: Varies; often treated as toxic solid, inorganic, n.o.s.
Packaging: Use robust, sealed, clearly labeled containers; cushioned transport protects from breakage
Precautions: Check transport regulations for toxins in your area before shipping, use certified carriers if required
Regulated As Hazardous: Listed under many health and environmental protection laws
Occupational Exposure Limits: OSHA, ACGIH set low airborne antimony exposure limits; always check current lists
Labelling: Danger prompt, toxic symbol, clear wording on every bottle or container
Accident Reporting: Regulations require prompt reporting to health and environmental authorities for notable releases or human exposures; documentation tracks trends and prevents poor practices
