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Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, better known as PEGDA, steps into the spotlight thanks to a push for versatile, biocompatible materials over recent decades. Chemists set out to create more than just a building block, hoping to bridge soft hydrogel performance with reliable processing. PEG’s first days began in the early 1900s, with Roy J. Plunkett’s early explorations of polymer chemistry giving us both the technology and manufacturing methods to start tailoring polymers for specialized uses. Acryloyl-modified PEGs built on this legacy, with PEGDA gaining momentum in late 20th-century labs as researchers investigated photo-crosslinkable hydrogels that could flex, stretch, and hold water like real tissue. It’s easy to overlook the decades of incremental work that laid this groundwork, but these steady improvements have shaped everything from surgical adhesives to the 3D-printed scaffolds seen in today’s regenerative medicine labs.
At its core, PEGDA takes the known flexibility and hydrophilicity of poly(ethylene glycol) and amplifies its utility with two reactive acrylate groups, one on each chain end. This structure lets it crosslink into a web-like network when hit by light in the presence of photoinitiators, producing soft or tough hydrogels depending on chain length and degree of crosslinking. What makes PEGDA so valuable isn’t some magical set of features, but the consistency of its water-swelling behavior, the ability for cells and proteins to move through its mesh, and the fact that its backbone has few reactive sites for biological fouling. PEGDA doesn't just play well with biology—it often goes unnoticed, making it a go-to platform for researchers aiming to minimize immune responses.
PEGDA shines as a viscous, colorless liquid or syrup at room temperature, with an acrid, acrylate-like odor that reminds even the seasoned chemist to cap the bottle tight. Its molecular weights stretch across the hundreds to tens of thousands of daltons, tuning solubility, crosslink density, and final gel strength with remarkable precision. The chemistry stays simple: two terminal acrylate esters bookend a flexible PEG chain, and those double bonds stand ready to snap into place when given a shove by UV or visible light. Notably, the PEG skeleton resists protein adhesion in pure form, which turns out to be both a blessing in wound healing and a challenge for building tissue that needs cell attachment.
Each bottle of PEGDA usually rolls off the line labeled with molecular weight, viscosity, and degree of acrylation, but it’s the finer details that steer its use in a real-world setting. The content of unreacted acrylate monomer can impact toxicity, making purification a focus in higher-grade material. Once mixed with water and a photoinitiator, PEGDA solutions turn into hydrogels with simply a shot of UV light. These properties let researchers adjust stiffness, swelling ratios, and degradation rates by tweaking chain length and concentration—a flexibility that continues to open new doors in labs and clinics. For me, the technical labels matter far less than hands-on experience in the lab, where a too-runny prepolymer or a batch too "sticky" to pipette quickly reveals why process control is king in manufacturing polymers for medical and research applications.
Making PEGDA involves a straightforward two-step route: activation of PEG’s terminal hydroxyls using acryloyl chloride or acrylic acid, then purification to remove byproducts and unreacted reagents. The reaction runs in organic solvents, and the end product needs careful purification—any leftover acryloyl chloride brings the risk of irritation, while unreacted PEG thins down crosslink density. Those who synthesize PEGDA in-house come to appreciate the balancing act between yield, purity, and scalability. Over time, industrial producers have fine-tuned these steps with controlled temperatures, inert gas blanketing, and vacuum stripping, all with the aim to keep side reactions (and thus, toxic byproducts) as low as possible. This chemistry works, but it rewards patience and keen attention, corners easily cut at the cost of biocompatibility.
PEGDA’s real skill lies in how easily it gets modified or combined with other building blocks. It plays well with radical polymerization, crosslinking not just with itself, but lending reactive ends to co-monomers from acrylic acid and other vinyl groups. Click chemistry, Michael addition, and thiol-ene reactions all find a home with PEGDA, letting researchers attach peptides, drugs, or even synthetic growth factors onto its backbone. For those working with regenerative scaffolds, this means PEGDA serves as a blank slate—plain by itself, but a willing host to anything with the right functional groups. This modularity lets investigators create advanced materials that deliver drugs, support nerve growth, or even act as disease models in the petri dish. The growing libraries of PEGDA derivatives extend well beyond simple hydrogels, dipping into bio-inks for 3D printing and shape-shifting materials for responsive electronics.
Across catalogs and research articles, synonyms keep popping up: polyethylene glycol diacrylate, PEG diacrylate, and sometimes just “diacrylated PEG.” Commercial offerings might append the molecular weight as a suffix, such as PEGDA 575 or PEGDA 700, making it clear just how long the PEG chain runs. Some brands swap in trade names or abbreviations, which can lead to mix-ups unless you double-check the technical detail. In practical terms, always verifying the degree of acrylation and the chain length saves more headaches than any catchy name on a supplier site.
Few chemists forget their first splash of acrylate on bare skin—a stinging reminder that PEGDA’s low toxicity doesn’t give free rein to get sloppy. Unpolymerized acrylates can cause irritation, itching, or sensitization, and any process generating aerosols ratchets up the risk for eyes and lungs. Labs should stay equipped with gloves, goggles, and local fume extraction, since overexposure to acrylate vapors poses a risk to both health and successful research outcomes. Once crosslinked, PEGDA-based hydrogels prove much safer, but all waste streams still demand proper handling. In clinical trials and tissue applications, strict lot traceability and quality testing keep risk down, but the reality on the bench is simpler: keeping a clean workspace and treating unpolymerized solutions as potential irritants pays dividends in safety and reproducibility.
Hydrogels formed from PEGDA now play a quiet but widespread role in medical devices, tissue engineering, and even consumer cosmetics. In my own hands, PEGDA-based gels performed as matrices for stem cell cultures and bio-inks for custom tissue patches. Dental adhesives and wound dressings rely on its benign profile and strong yet gentle mechanical properties, giving healing tissue a break from harsh adhesives. Microfluidic chips, sensors, and soft robotics increasingly borrow PEGDA hydrogels thanks to their tunable strength and resilience. The hallmark, again and again, comes back to trust: clinicians and researchers gravitate toward PEGDA because the basic science behind it makes sense, and the behavior stays predictable, even in complex biological environments.
The real story of PEGDA lies in what happens when research teams push boundaries, from 3D-printed organ scaffolds to micro-needle arrays for painless drug delivery. Advances in photoinitiators, wavelength selection, and post-polymerization modification keep raising the bar for what PEGDA hydrogels can do. Drug release profiles shift with subtle tweaks to the polymer backbone, while nanoparticle doping offers optical and magnetic capabilities that seemed far-fetched just a decade ago. Labs looking to study cell migration, organoid formation, and high-throughput screening now turn to PEGDA-based matrices to mimic soft tissue in a dish. Every year, new publications spotlight creative tweaks—multi-arm PEGDA for enhanced branching, peptide-functionalization for active cell guidance, and degradable links for programmable remodeling.
PEGDA’s safety record often gets cited as a selling point, but responsible use hinges on more than a handful of studies. While crosslinked PEGDA performs with low cytotoxicity, unreacted monomers and byproducts continue to raise real questions, especially in sensitive applications like organ transplantation or chronic implantation. Animal studies suggest PEGDA hydrogels break down harmlessly over weeks or months, but the devil sits in exposure levels and potential for allergic reactions. In my experience, rigorous washing, purity testing, and minimizing initiator residues cut the risks… but never entirely eliminate them. Newer PEGDA formulations focus on reducing leachable components and including reactive “mops” for stray electrons, and regulatory agencies around the world want proof of long-term safety—especially as hydrogel therapies tiptoe toward pediatric and immunocompromised populations.
The PEGDA story isn’t ready to close. Trends in personalized medicine, 3D-printed tissues, and next-level smart materials all rely on accessible, modular polymer platforms. With open-source hydrogel recipes, lower-cost photoinitiators, and expanded regulatory approvals, PEGDA’s reach stretches from the bench to the bedside. The next wave probably brings bioresorbable, cell-instructive PEGDA-based materials that can steer tissue repair on their own, leaving behind only healthy cells once the job’s done. For anyone working at the intersection of materials science and biology, PEGDA stands as a familiar tool that continually rewards curiosity, precision, and respect for the chemistry behind its quiet utility.
Some chemicals get all the spotlight. Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, known as PEGDA to those who spend time in labs, usually works quietly behind the scenes. I first ran into this substance years ago while exploring options for tissue scaffolding in a project. PEGDA isn’t flashy, but it’s got a knack for bringing scientific ideas into the real world—especially in medicine, research, and manufacturing.
PEGDA grew popular in the biomedical world mainly because it forms hydrogels. Think of hydrogels a bit like high-tech Jell-O. Doctors and researchers use them because they retain water, provide a soft touch, and don’t get in the way of living cells. PEGDA hydrogels sometimes become scaffolds for growing new tissue. A patient needs new cartilage in their knee—the hydrogel shaped with PEGDA holds cells in the right place, letting them grow the way the body wants.
PEGDA hydrogels show up in wound dressings that keep skin moist and help new tissue take hold. They create barriers that protect against infection and let medication seep through in a controlled way. Many drug delivery systems in trials use PEGDA’s ability to shape and hold microscopic capsules that slowly release medicine. This helps create treatments that work with the body, not against it.
3D printing has exploded in the last decade. PEGDA works well as a resin for these machines, especially printers that build parts for biological or mechanical research. You can tune it—change the chemical recipe, add other pieces, or set it under light—to suit each project. I watched a colleague print custom cell culture plates using PEGDA mixed with special proteins. In one afternoon, we made items that sped up lab work by weeks.
It’s a favorite material in microfluidic chips, too. Those chips often guide small amounts of liquid through tiny tunnels to test new drugs or detect illness quickly. PEGDA lets developers make chips with precise channels and “gates,” all with a sturdiness that stays reliable through hundreds of uses.
PEGDA’s usefulness doesn’t stop at the lab bench. Companies that create coatings, adhesives, and specialty inks rely on this polymer. Manufacturers benefit from PEGDA’s predictable reactions under ultraviolet light. Print shops use it to attach inks to surfaces with sharp lines and zero smudging. In dental clinics, PEGDA forms tough, safe molds for building crowns and repairing teeth with light-curing resin that hardens quickly and evenly.
PEGDA brings a lot to the table, but no chemical comes without questions about safety. Most studies suggest PEGDA behaves predictably once it’s set or cured. The challenge remains in handling it in liquid form—skin and eye contact can irritate, and inhaling vapor causes trouble. I take care to wear gloves and safety glasses in the lab. Waste products demand careful disposal. As the world asks for greener materials, researchers experiment with bio-based PEGDA alternatives or explore recycling old hydrogels.
PEGDA plays a quiet but crucial role in big advances. Medicine continues to rely on it for delivering drugs and supporting healing. 3D printing opens more doors with each passing year, letting PEGDA shape new devices and tissues. Progress depends on balancing benefits with responsibility, from safety gear to smarter recycling. Trust builds when people see real improvements—faster healing, safer tools, new tech—flowing from this once-overlooked chemical into daily life.
Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, or PEGDA, shows up everywhere in modern labs. Folks use it for hydrogels, 3D printing, tissue engineering, and drug delivery. The stuff brings a lot of promise, but it can be surprisingly fussy in day-to-day use. I’ve watched more than a few researchers burn through a batch way too quickly because storage turns out to matter more than most expect.
PEGDA doesn’t get along with sunlight. The acrylate groups in this chemical want to react when exposed to UV or even regular indoor lighting. I’ve seen entire bottles turn cloudy or, in worst cases, harden into a useless lump sitting by an open window. Tight amber bottles work. If you make the switch to opaque storage containers and stash your PEGDA away from windows, life gets easier.
Room temperature might sound harmless, but PEGDA breaks down faster in a warm lab than most people realize. Even sitting on a shelf at 25°C, it starts to polymerize quietly, especially if you haven’t got a good lid. Chilling PEGDA between 2°C and 8°C stretches its shelf life by a mile. Most reliable vendors will ship PEGDA under cold packs for a reason. I learned this the hard way during a summer field project—nearly 20% of our supply degraded because our mini-fridge failed.
A PEGDA bottle exposed to air and humidity starts picking up moisture fast. Even a small amount of water kicks off unwanted reactions. I once joined a project where colleagues wanted to “make it easy” by transferring chemicals into wide-mouthed jars. It sped up weighing, but every time someone opened the lid, humid air rushed in. In less than a week, the acrylate began to react, leaving us with a gummy mess.
Use screw-capped bottles, preferably glass, with an airtight seal. If the lab budget allows, toss in a packet of desiccant. Some folks push out the air with a quick stream of nitrogen before sealing the bottle. These tricks go a long way, especially if you dip into the bottle often.
PEGDA changes hands quickly in busy research groups. Clear labels with the date received and opened help avoid confusion. I’ve seen unlabeled vials float around freezer drawers for months, with no one sure how old they are. ISO and GLP standards nudge labs toward record keeping for good reason—it cuts down on bad runs and wasted hours.
Most people don’t realize how many experiments fail because of small storage mistakes. One poorly sealed bottle in the back of the fridge can bring an entire project to a standstill. In my experience, consistent handling beats fancy equipment. Sticking to opaque, airtight bottles, storing below 8°C, and keeping good notes adds up to less waste, fewer delays, and safer workplaces.
I see the best results when researchers treat PEGDA as if it wants to go bad. Store small amounts apart from bulk supplies, avoid too many freeze-thaw cycles, and share notes openly. Just a bit of routine—like checking seals, swapping out old batches, and keeping bottles out of sight—means money saved and projects less likely to grind to a halt. That’s the kind of reliability every lab, big or small, needs to get the most out of every gram of PEGDA.
Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, or PEGDA, shows up often in research labs, especially in materials science, biomedical engineering, and even dentistry. This clear liquid forms hydrogels, acting as a scaffold for tissue growth or in advanced drug delivery systems. It’s winning fans among scientists who want precise control over materials, especially for 3D bioprinting. Many hobbyists and startup founders see PEGDA as a path to affordable prototyping, but as with any chemical, questions about safety pop up quickly.
Digging into PEGDA’s safety means sorting through both its background and the data around its use. PEGDA itself emerges from polyethylene glycol (PEG), a compound that doctors have put to work for years in medicines and cosmetics. PEG’s long safety history doesn’t carry over in full, though, because the diacrylate group tweaks the molecule and its reactivity. PEGDA wants to polymerize — that is, molecules link and form solid gels — using special light or chemicals as triggers. Once that process finishes, most of the reactive acrylate groups vanish, locking the material into a stable network. Finished hydrogels don’t easily leach toxic leftovers if the recipe and methods are right.
Still, not every situation matches ideal lab conditions. Unreacted PEGDA, which is sticky and can irritate skin or eyes, often remains in poorly made gels. Some commercial preparations mix in stabilizers, and users sometimes forget about cleanup or miss the cues that something’s off. Research published in ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering found that carefully washed, fully cured PEGDA hydrogels barely released any toxic compounds. Teams at Harvard and Stanford confirmed that mammalian cells grew pretty well on these cleaned gels. Toxicity comes down to the chemistry: pure monomer can cause harm, but crosslinked PEGDA poses much less risk if users do their homework.
I’ve mixed PEGDA myself, aiming for hydrogels to test drug delivery. Once, a pipette tip leaked some uncured PEGDA onto my glove. The gloves stayed intact, but the smell stuck around till the end of the shift. The incident hammered home how easy it is to let your guard down, especially while juggling multiple steps or troubleshooting light sources. During undergraduate lab training, I saw a peer rub her eye after handling PEGDA — short story, it ended with a written accident report and saline rinse. Mild irritation and redness faded, but the episode underscored why safety glasses and gloves matter, even in so-called “benign” research environments.
The US National Institutes of Health (NIH) lists PEGDA as a material that can bother skin and eyes in its raw state. Chronic exposure, the kind that comes from repeated accidents or carelessness over months, could set off allergies or trigger rare skin reactions. Swallowing the liquid is out of the question. On the plus side, studies in peer-reviewed sources like Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology show that crosslinked PEGDA, used as it’s designed, doesn’t release major toxins, and cells rarely die off unless something in the manufacturing process goes wrong.
A few habits lower the risks. I cover my skin, keep the workspace tidy, and rinse surfaces if spills happen. Good ventilation helps, and double-checking labels and expiration dates matters more than most folks realize. Some labs switched to alternatives made from natural polymers, but PEGDA’s reliability still gives it an edge when biocompatibility and mechanical control are a priority. Thorough rinsing and extraction of hydrogels removes any trace of uncured PEGDA, making final products safer for both lab work and any animals or humans involved in clinical testing.
Safe? With solid protocols, PEGDA behaves and opens up doors in research. Toxic? If handled carelessly or used in its uncured form, problems can develop quickly. People get better results — and a lot fewer headaches — by treating PEGDA with the same respect as other reactive chemicals seen in the lab or workshop.
Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, or PEGDA, isn’t just a name that pops up in chemistry labs; it plays a role in resins, hydrogels, and even some medical devices. It works for good reasons, but the material comes with its own set of demands. Opening that bottle means knowing that even “benign”-looking chemicals hide risks. Many researchers, students, or lab staff see the slight vapor coming off a pipetted sample and trust their gloves and coat. Yet, direct contact and inhalation can irritate skin, eyes, or lungs. Sometimes, allergic reactions kick in after repeated exposure. Nitrile gloves serve much better than vinyl, and regular checks for glove integrity really matter. A fume hood isn’t just a fancy box—it draws away any small vapor, limiting what hits the air around your face.
I’ve learned from years in research labs that treating PEGDA like dish soap, because it seems so gentle, can backfire. Sometimes, a researcher makes the mistake of using basic latex gloves, and an hour later, feels tingling or itching. Over time, sloppiness turns into skin allergies or worse. Using nitrile gloves, splash goggles, and buttoned-up lab coats keeps problems away. Spills belong in the “right away” zone—a drop on the bench or glove means grabbing the spill kit and washing the spot, not just wiping with a paper towel. Burned or discolored skin isn’t just a nuisance; it signals a need for better everyday habits.
Throwing excess PEGDA down the sink creates more headaches for wastewater plants. It doesn’t break down well, and traces can slip through processing into lakes and rivers. That can hurt wildlife, add stress to fragile systems, and give the wrong example to anyone learning proper chemical handling. Instead, liquid waste—unused or mixed with solvents—goes straight into a clearly labeled hazardous waste bottle. Leaving it in an unmarked jar creates confusion during inspections and wastes effort for the safety team.
Wiping up a few drops with a lab rag feels easy, but stuffing that rag into household trash piles up chemical risks in landfills. Used towels, gloves, and pipette tips belong with chemical lab waste—better to take an extra minute and toss them into a sealed bag than to wonder if a landfill worker gets exposed. It’s a habit that may save health in ways no one sees. In my own time with lab groups, the groups that built routines around proper disposal found fewer accidents and happier inspections, and new team members picked up these habits by seeing them in action.
It takes more than rules to control chemical handling. Adding simple job aids—like posters above the sink—helps everyone remember each step. Supervisors or mentors who model case-by-case cleanup lower the risk of shortcuts. Instructors who walk through waste management once a month catch careless old habits before they cause trouble. Asking vendors for the latest disposal advice keeps teams current, too. As more chemicals like PEGDA find their way into startups and student labs, clear routines and practical reminders keep people and the environment protected, without drama—or surprises that hurt.
Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, or PEGDA, has a following in research circles and industry labs because of its flexibility as a building block for hydrogels, scaffolds, and many biomedical devices. What often gets overlooked is how much the molecular weight of PEGDA alters the performance of the final product. Choosing the right molecular weight can set up a project for success or create headaches and wasted resources.
Labs and suppliers carry PEGDA in a set of common molecular weights that typically start as low as 250 and run up past 20,000 Daltons. The most familiar grades hang around 400, 575, 700, and 1000 g/mol. I’ve seen projects using PEGDA in the 3,400 to 6,000 range for softer, more flexible gels, and chemists sometimes reach for 10,000 or above to get extra-long polymer chains that result in networks with distinct mechanical properties.
This range isn’t arbitrary. Suppliers can control the polymerization process to target these weights and even keep the polydispersity—how much variation there is in the chain lengths—reasonably tight. Each step upwards in size isn’t just a bigger number; it pushes the material toward different swelling abilities, mechanical strengths, or crosslinking speeds, all of which matter depending on whether someone is building a flexible contact lens or a tough dental adhesive.
Higher molecular weight PEGDA leads to longer polymer chains. This shifts the physical properties—an effect I’ve seen firsthand preparing tissue scaffolds for cell culture. Lower molecular weight PEGDA, say around 400–700, makes a denser, tighter network upon crosslinking. This means lower water uptake, a more brittle structure, and sometimes a stronger barrier for diffusion. In contrast, PEGDA above 4,000 gives gels with higher water content, softer feel, and more room for cells or small molecules to squeeze through.
Researchers reach for different weights based on application. In hydrogel drug delivery, a higher molecular weight can make the gel soft enough for medication to leach out steadily. For dental impressions, lower weights keep the material firm and precise. I’ve seen startups stubbornly stick with the same grade out of habit, only to discover their devices work much better after switching weights—sometimes after months of troubleshooting failed prototypes.
If reliability matters, ask for the data: manufacturers offer certificates of analysis showing exact weight distribution and acrylate end-group purity. Sloppy synthesis or recycling old stock can creep impurities into the product, changing weight distributions or blocking acrylate groups, which throws off crosslinking. That’s a recipe for inconsistent gels, wasted reagents, or device failures. Transparency from suppliers, and QC checks in your lab, stop that in its tracks.
Testing a handful of PEGDA weights on the bench before scaling up saves costs and avoids project delays. If in doubt, ask suppliers for a small set of samples—most reputable chemical providers will do this. Document which source and batch works best, since formulation swings can trace back to slight batch changes. For regulated products, sticking with a GMP-certified supplier, and keeping those chain length specs tight, limits regulatory headaches later.
The smart approach recognizes PEGDA’s power lies in the details of its molecular weight. Skip the one-size-fits-all mindset and focus on matching the molecular weight with the intended use. This kind of attention, from bench to production, sets good devices apart from also-rans.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | poly(oxyethylene) diacrylate |
| Other names |
Acrylic acid, polymer with ethylene glycol PEGDA Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate Poly(oxyethylene diacrylate) Polyethylene glycol diacrylate |
| Pronunciation | /ˌpɒliˌɛθɪliːn ˈɡlʌɪkɒl daɪˈakrɪleɪt/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 'zinc oxide' |
| Beilstein Reference | 3910891 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:134432 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1895840 |
| ChemSpider | 682515 |
| DrugBank | DB14150 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 39104-17-1 |
| Gmelin Reference | 82267 |
| KEGG | C19718 |
| MeSH | D000072638 |
| PubChem CID | 86246 |
| RTECS number | RR4200000 |
| UNII | F9D3F35438 |
| UN number | UN3082 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID1040772 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C10H14O6 |
| Molar mass | 700 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless to pale yellow liquid |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 1.12 g/mL at 25 °C |
| Solubility in water | Soluble |
| log P | -0.94 |
| Vapor pressure | Vapor pressure: <0.01 mm Hg (20°C) |
| Acidity (pKa) | 13.0 (est) |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.460 |
| Viscosity | 100 cP (25 °C) |
| Dipole moment | 1.42 D |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | NO ATC CODE |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Causes skin and eye irritation. May cause respiratory irritation. |
| GHS labelling | GHS02, GHS07 |
| Pictograms | GHS06, GHS07 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H317, H319, H335 |
| Precautionary statements | P261, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 1-1-1 |
| Flash point | > > 102 °C |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 Oral - Rat - > 5,000 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): Oral, Rat: > 2,000 mg/kg |
| NIOSH | Not established |
| PEL (Permissible) | Not established |
| REL (Recommended) | 200 mg/m³ |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | Not established |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate Poly(ethylene glycol) Acrylamide Poly(acrylic acid) Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate |
