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Product Name: Phenol
Chemical Name: Phenol
Synonyms: Carbolic acid, Hydroxybenzene
Recommended Uses: Laboratory reagent, intermediate for plastics and pharmaceuticals
CAS Number: 108-95-2
Manufacturer Contact: Details for manufacturer, emergency phone number, and address enclosed on the actual packaging and shipping documents
UN Number: UN1671
Relevant Identifiers: EC Number: 203-632-7, RTECS: SJ3325000
Hazard Classification: Acute Toxicity (Oral, Dermal, Inhalation), Skin Corrosion Category 1, Specific Target Organ Toxicity
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. Toxic if swallowed, in contact with skin or inhaled. Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing dust, fume, gas, mist, vapors, or spray. Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection, and face protection. Wash exposed areas thoroughly after handling.
Pictograms: Skull and crossbones, Corrosion, Exclamation mark, Environment
Routes of Exposure: Skin, eye, ingestion, inhalation
NFPA Rating: Health: 3, Flammability: 2, Reactivity: 0
Chemical Identity: Phenol (C6H5OH)
Concentration: 99% or as specified by supplier
Impurities/Additives: Water content may differ depending on supplier
Other Ingredients: None expected at significant concentration in a pure laboratory grade
Inhalation: Remove affected person to fresh air immediately. Keep at rest. Seek medical advice if symptoms persist. Administer oxygen if breathing difficulty develops.
Skin Contact: Immediately remove contaminated clothing. Wash affected skin with large amounts of water and polyethylene glycol if available. Get medical help quickly; severe burns and systemic effects are possible.
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Get prompt medical attention.
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth, give water to drink if person is conscious. Obtain immediate medical assistance.
Most Important Symptoms: Burning sensation, coughing, shortness of breath, nausea, headache, convulsions, unconsciousness
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or water mist
Hazards from Combustion: Produces irritating and toxic fumes including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, phenol vapors
Protective Equipment: Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective gear
Fire Fighting Advice: Cool containers with water spray to prevent pressure build-up. Avoid inhaling smoke, move containers away from fire if safe to do so
Personal Precautions: Evacuate area if spill is large. Avoid breathing vapors. Prevent contact with skin and eyes. Ventilate affected area.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent release into drains, watercourses, or soil. Use barriers to contain spill if possible.
Cleanup Methods: Wear suitable protective clothing. Absorb with inert material (e.g., sand, earth). Collect residue in sealed, labeled container using non-sparking tools. Ventilate area and wash spill site after material pickup is complete.
Handling: Handle in a chemical fume hood or well-ventilated area. Wear protective gloves, clothing, and eye/face protection. Avoid inhaling vapors or dust. Prevent exposure to skin and eyes. Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
Storage: Keep container tightly closed in a dry, cool, and well-ventilated place, away from heat, ignition sources, and incompatible materials such as strong oxidizing agents and acids. Store in original packaging, properly labeled.
Special Advice: Segregate from food and feed, incompatible chemicals, and keep away from children.
Occupational Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL: 5 ppm (19 mg/m3), ACGIH TLV: 5 ppm (skin)
Engineering Controls: Use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation, and eye wash stations.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
- Hands: Chemical-resistant gloves such as nitrile or neoprene
- Eyes: Safety goggles or face shield
- Skin: Lab coat, apron, full protective suit if heavy exposure
- Respiratory: NIOSH/MSHA approved chemical cartridge respirator when ventilation is inadequate
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday. No eating, drinking, or smoking during use. Remove contaminated clothing immediately.
Physical State: Solid or liquid (above 40.5°C), crystalline
Color: White to light pink or reddish tinge crystals
Odor: Sweet, acrid, medicinal
Melting Point: 40.5°C (104.9°F)
Boiling Point: 181.7°C (359.1°F)
Flash Point: 79°C (174°F, closed cup)
Autoignition Temperature: 715°C (1319°F)
Explosion Limits: Lower 1.3%, Upper 9.5% (v/v in air)
Vapor Pressure: 0.4 mmHg (20°C)
Solubility: Soluble in water (8.2 g/100 mL at 25°C), alcohol, ether, chloroform, benzene
Density: 1.07 g/cm³ (20°C)
pH (1% solution): Acidic, around 5.4
Partition Coefficient (log Kow): 1.46
Viscosity: Not applicable in solid state
Evaporation Rate: Slower than ether
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Reactivity: Reacts rapidly with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and some bases.
Possibility of Hazardous Reactions: May polymerize or form peroxides in contact with incompatible substances.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, phenol vapors
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, open flame, sparks, static discharge, direct sunlight, and moisture
Acute Toxicity: Highly toxic via all routes; oral LD50 (rat): 317 mg/kg, dermal LD50 (rabbit): 630 mg/kg
Chronic Effects: Repeated or prolonged skin contact may cause dermatitis or systemic poisoning.
Symptoms: Burning pain, numbness, blisters, systemic effects like convulsions, collapse, respiratory distress.
Sensitization: Not typically a skin sensitizer, but repeated exposures risk systemic toxicity.
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic by IARC, NTP, or OSHA
Mutagenicity: Evidence from experimental systems, not fully established in humans
Reproductive Effects: Some animal studies indicate reproductive and developmental toxicity
Target Organs: Central Nervous System, Liver, Kidneys
Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to aquatic life, LC50 (fish, 96h): 11 mg/L; EC50 (Daphnia, 48h): 4.0 mg/L
Persistence and Degradability: Moderately persistent but biodegradable under favorable conditions.
Bioaccumulative Potential: Potential to bioaccumulate is low (log Kow 1.46).
Environmental Mobility: Phenol is moderately mobile in soil, may leach into groundwater.
Other Adverse Effects: Toxic to plants and aquatic organisms at high levels, may contribute to long-term environmental hazards.
Disposal Methods: Incinerate under controlled conditions in accordance with local, state, and national regulations. Do not allow to enter sewer or natural water systems.
Contaminated Packaging: Dispose of containers after thorough cleaning or through a licensed hazardous waste processor.
Special Precautions: Avoid handling near drains, watercourses, or environmental discharge points. Consult waste disposal authorities for guidance.
UN Number: UN1671
Proper Shipping Name: Phenol, Solid or Liquid
Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic Substances)
Packing Group: II
Labels Required: Toxic, Corrosive
Environmental Hazards: Marine pollutant; avoid release during transport
Special Precautions: Secure packaging, provide emergency procedures with transport documents, avoid mechanical impact, protect from heat
OSHA: Phenol is regulated under the Hazard Communication Standard and as a hazardous chemical.
SARA Title III: Subject to reporting requirements (Sections 302, 313).
TSCA: Listed in the US Toxic Substances Control Act inventory.
EPCRA: Listed as an extremely hazardous substance.
International Regulations: Included in REACH (Europe), WHMIS (Canada, Class D1A, E), and GHS.
Other: Subject to workplace monitoring, reporting, and local environmental protection measures depending on jurisdiction
