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Chemical Name: Perchloric Acid
Common Names: Hyperchloric acid
Synonyms: PCA
CAS Number: 7601-90-3
UN Number: 1873
Recommended Use: Laboratory reagent, production of explosives, etching, cleaning
Manufacturer: List supplier name and emergency contact
Address: Provide physical address of the supplier
Phone Number: Supplier’s phone contact for routine and emergency communications
Classification: Oxidizing liquids, corrosive to metals, serious eye damage, specific target organ toxicity (single exposure), environmental hazard
Label Elements: Danger symbol, oxidizer, corrosive pictograms
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: May cause fire or explosion; strong oxidizer, causes severe skin burns and eye damage, harmful if inhaled, risk of respiratory irritation, may react explosively with organic or combustible materials
Precautionary Statements: Wear protective gear, keep away from combustible material, avoid inhalation, wash hands thoroughly after handling, use only outdoors or in well-ventilated areas, store in secure, corrosion-resistant container
Component: Perchloric Acid
Content: 60-72% by weight in water solution, remainder is water
Impurities: None expected in analytical grade
Molecular Formula: HClO4
Molecular Weight: 100.46 g/mol
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air, support breathing, keep at rest, seek medical attention immediately if breathing difficulties or symptoms persist, administer oxygen if qualified to do so
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, flush exposed skin with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, do not delay rinsing, seek medical attention
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes gently with water for at least 15 minutes, lifting eyelids occasionally, remove contact lenses if present, seek urgent medical attention
Ingestion: Rinse mouth thoroughly, do not induce vomiting, if person is conscious give water to dilute, immediate medical attention required
Symptoms: Severe irritation or burns, tissue destruction, coughing, chest tightness, eye and skin redness or pain, possible delayed pulmonary effects
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use large quantities of water in flooding amounts, do not use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or foams which can react dangerously with acid
Specific Hazards: Strong oxidizer, contact with combustible material may cause fire, toxic and corrosive gases such as chlorine or hydrogen chloride can be released
Hazardous Combustion Products: Chlorine, hydrogen chloride, oxygen
Protective Equipment: Self-contained breathing apparatus, full protective clothing, chemical-resistant gloves, positive-pressure breathing apparatus
Special Precautions: Cool containers with water spray from a safe distance, approach fire from upwind, evacuate area if possible, avoid contact with combustibles
Personal Precautions: Evacuate unprotected personnel, restrict access, ventilate area, wear chemical splash goggles, acid-resistant gloves, full protective suit including boots
Environmental Precautions: Excavate and contain liquid, prevent from entering drains or waterways, alert proper environmental authorities
Cleanup Methods: Neutralize with soda ash or lime while monitoring pH and temperature, collect residues for approved disposal, use spark-proof tools, ventilate spill area thoroughly, never use flammable materials for clean-up, decontaminate area with copious water
Handling: Handle in chemical fume hood or with exhaust ventilation, wear appropriate PPE including acid-resistant gloves, goggles, face shield, avoid contact with clothing, organic matter, or combustibles, minimize aerosol or vapor formation
Storage: Store in tightly closed containers made of compatible materials like glass or certain plastics, keep away from heat, sparks, or ignition sources, segregate from flammable, organic, or reducing agents, maintain within original packaging, ensure secondary containment against leaks, post hazard signage in storage areas, monitor container integrity regularly
Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL: 0.2 mg/m3 for perchlorates
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation, maintain negative pressure in handling areas
Personal Protective Equipment: Acid-resistant gloves, chemical splash goggles, full-face shield, long-sleeve lab coat or apron, chemical-resistant boots, use of respiratory protection such as NIOSH-approved acid gas respirator for high concentrations
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands, face, and any exposed skin before eating, drinking, or smoking, remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse, do not allow splash or mist to contact skin or clothing
Appearance: Colorless, oily liquid
Odor: Odorless
Odor Threshold: Not available
pH: <1 (very acidic)
Melting Point/Freezing Point: -17°C (concentrated)
Boiling Point: 203°C (decomposes)
Flash Point: Not applicable
Evaporation Rate: Not available
Flammability: Not flammable by itself, but sets fire to other materials
Vapor Pressure: 6 mmHg (at 20°C)
Vapor Density: 3.4 (air = 1)
Relative Density: 1.7-1.8 g/cm3 (68-72%)
Solubility in Water: Miscible in all proportions
Partition Coefficient: Not determined
Auto-ignition Temperature: Not applicable
Decomposition Temperature: >203°C
Viscosity: Oily, increases with concentration
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions; can become unstable if heated, contaminated, or mixed with organic material
Possibility of Hazardous Reactions: Strong oxidizer; reacts with most organic and combustible materials, reducing agents, metals, alcohols, acids, bases; risk of explosive mixtures with many chemicals
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, flames, sparks, friction, contamination with organic substances, physical shock, mixing with incompatible chemicals
Incompatible Materials: Acetic anhydride, alcohols, absolute ethanol, organic materials, strong bases, finely divided metals, ammonia, phosphorus
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Chlorine gas, hydrogen chloride, oxygen, various toxic vapors depending on reaction partners
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, and contact with eyes and mucous membranes
Acute Toxicity: Severe burns to eyes, skin, and mucous membranes, pulmonary edema after inhalation, gastrointestinal burns and possible perforation after ingestion
Chronic Exposure: Methemoglobinemia, thyroid disruption due to perchlorate anion
Symptoms: Eye irritation, severe skin burns, respiratory irritation, coughing, shortness of breath, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting
Carcinogenicity: IARC: Not classified; ACGIH: Not specified
Other Effects: Causes deleterious effects to reproductive and developmental health with chronic exposure to perchlorates in drinking water
Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to aquatic life, perchlorate is persistent, does not biodegrade easily
Bioaccumulation: Unlikely in living organisms
Mobility in Soil: Highly mobile, can migrate to groundwater
Persistence and Degradability: Not readily biodegradable, persists for long periods in the environment, may accumulate in water supplies and impact ecosystems
Other Information: Contamination has been linked to thyroid disruption in fish and wildlife populations
Waste Handling: Neutralize cautiously, dilute with large quantities of water after neutralization, collect in corrosion-resistant containers
Disposal Method: Must be disposed of as hazardous waste by a licensed facility, obey local, regional, and federal environmental regulations
Contaminated Packaging: Rinse thoroughly, handle as hazardous waste
Environmental Precautions: Never flush concentrated solution down the drain, do not allow entry to surface waters or soil
UN Number: 1873
Transport Hazard Class: 5.1 (oxidizer), 8 (corrosive)
Packing Group: I (high danger)
Proper Shipping Name: Perchloric acid, with more than 50% acid
Labels: Oxidizer, corrosive
Special Provisions: Secure upright, avoid agitation or temperature extremes during shipments, emergency procedures prepared in advance, mark with hazard labels and placards
Domestic Regulations: Comply with DOT, TDG
International Regulations: Comply with ADR, IATA, IMDG rules
Inventory Listings: US TSCA, ECHA, NDSL, AICS, all major inventories list perchloric acid
OSHA Hazard Communication: Classified hazardous
SARA Title III: Section 302 EHS Extremely Hazardous Substance
RCRA: Listed Waste (hazardous waste number U197)
Clean Water Act: Regulated as toxic pollutant
Other Regulations: Subject to local, state, and federal requirements for storage, labeling, worker protection, and transportation
