© 2026 Nanjing Finechem Holdings Co., Ltd,
All Right Reserved
Chemical Name: Nonane
Synonyms: n-Nonane, Nonan
Chemical Formula: C9H20
CAS Number: 111-84-2
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid with a gasoline-like odor
Usual Setting: Laboratories, industrial solvents, fuel blends, and sometimes in calibration standards or chemical synthesis
Odor Threshold: Noticeable at very low concentration, hinting at its volatility
GHS Classification: Flammable liquid, Category 3; Aspiration hazard, Category 1; Narcotic effects
Main Risks: Vapors easy to ignite, risk of explosion in closed areas; inhalation leads to headache, dizziness, and drowsiness;
Long-Term Impact: Prolonged exposure dries skin and may damage the lungs if aspirated; not something folks want in their lungs or eyes
Main Component: n-Nonane near pure (over 98 percent in commercial grades)
Possible Impurities: Traces of octane, decane, and similar light hydrocarbons depending on source and refining method
Inhalation: Remove to fresh air, support breathing; call medical help if symptoms do not pass
Skin Contact: Wash thoroughly with soap and water, remove contaminated clothing to limit skin rash or drying
Eye Contact: Rinse straightaway with water for several minutes, open eyelids wide, seek care if irritation sticks around
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting because liquid hydrocarbons threaten to go down the wrong pipe; medical attention important
Extinguishing Media: Use foam, dry powder, or carbon dioxide; water spray works to cool but not for putting out pooling fires
Hazards Under Fire: Vapors heavier than air, risk of flashback; decomposition brings toxic fumes and thick smoke
Protective Gear: Firefighters use self-contained breathing apparatus, avoid inhaling fumes at all costs
Personal Protection: Gloves, safety glasses, and enough ventilation always come first;
Spill Handling: Absorb with inert material such as dry sand, sweep up quickly, ventilate affected area well;
Environmental Caution: Prevent entry into drains and soil, consider local rules and long-term groundwater damage from hydrocarbons
Handling: Keep containers closed, avoid any source of ignition, no open flames near working areas;
Storage: Cool, dry, and well-ventilated space, keep out of sun and heat; grounding required for larger volumes to avoid static sparks
Incompatible Materials: Store away from oxidizers, acids, and sources of static electricity or spark-producing tools
Engineering Controls: Fume hoods in labs, explosion-proof ventilation in bigger rooms
PPE: Nitrile gloves, splash goggles, and flame-resistant coveralls when large volumes handled
Airborne Limits: Occupational limits not universally set, though limits for similar hydrocarbons stand at 200-300 ppm over an eight-hour shift
Boiling Point: Around 151°C (304°F)
Melting Point: About -54°C (-65°F)
Vapor Pressure: Moderate at room temperature; vapor spreads along ground easily
Density: Close to 0.72 at 20°C
Solubility: Negligible in water, mixes well with organic solvents
Vapor Density: Heavier than air, adding risk in low spots
Flash Point: 31°C (approx. 88°F)
Odor: Gasoline-like, easy to notice
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal conditions, degrades slowly under heat and light
Reactive With: Strong oxidizing agents, nitrates, and strong acids
Hazardous Products: Burning gives off carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and sometimes small chains of nasty compounds;
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin absorption, accidental ingestion
Short-Term Effects: Headache, CNS depression, dizziness, and in extreme cases loss of consciousness on heavy exposure;
Chronic Effects: Skin defatting, possibly kidney or liver impact if repeated doses stack up;
Aspiration Risk: Swallowing and breathing fumes into lungs is most dangerous — chemical pneumonia risk stands out
Mobility: Nonane floats and spreads fast on water
Persistence: Degrades slowly in soil and water, tough for bacteria to break down easily
Aquatic Toxicity: Hurts aquatic life when spilled, even small amounts can create surface films or oxygen issues
Bioaccumulation: Hydrocarbons like nonane tend to collect in living creatures over time, so monitoring spill sites matters
Preferred Disposal: Take spilled or unused material to hazardous waste collection, never pour down toilet or into open drains
Contaminated Packaging: Wash out with caution, label for hazardous waste company, or incinerate under regulated conditions
Regulatory Guidance: Local authority rules trump convenience, so community landfill or recycling almost never fits
UN Number: Regulated as a flammable liquid
Shipping Name: Nonane
Packing Group: Assigned to match flammable properties, usually Group III by road, air, or sea
Hazard Label: Flammable Liquid — red diamond with flame icon warns handlers
Labeling: Required flammable tags at minimum
Workplace Laws: OSHA mandates for hazardous chemicals, and right-to-know labeling must be met in most regions
Environmental Release: Federal and regional rules in place to track releases and site contamination, accidental spill reporting not negotiable
Exposure Reporting: Any health incidents with hydrocarbons need documentation and in some places, reporting to public health bodies
