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Chemical Name: Naringenin
Other Names: 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chroman-4-one
Chemical Formula: C15H12O5
CAS Number: 480-41-1
Appearance: White to pale yellow crystalline powder, odorless, practically insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol and DMSO
Common Uses: Found in citrus fruits, supplements, natural food additives, and research applications for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Main Hazards: Dust can cause mild eye and respiratory irritation; considered low toxicity for typical exposure; not known as a skin sensitizer
Hazard Pictograms: None required in most jurisdictions
GHS Classification: Not classified as dangerous according to current GHS guidelines; always check regional regulatory standards
Target Organs: Data suggest limited systemic toxicity based on animal studies.
Ingredient: Pure Naringenin
Content: Typically above 95% as obtained for lab and industrial uses
Impurities: Minor content may contain related flavonoids or residual solvents depending on production method
Form: Solid powder, variable particle size depending on grinding and handling.
Inhalation: Move to fresh air, monitor for cough or shortness of breath, seek care for prolonged discomfort
Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water; remove contaminated clothing; see a physician for continuing irritation
Eye Contact: Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water over several minutes; lift eyelids for better access
Ingestion: Rinse mouth; large amounts require medical attention, though small amounts unlikely to cause harm
Symptoms of Exposure: Irritation, mild coughing or sneezing, occasional mild redness or discomfort.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, foam
Fire Hazards: Organic powder might form explosive mixtures with air when dispersed
Combustion Products: Can release carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and other organic compounds
Protective Equipment: Firefighters use self-contained breathing apparatus, protective gear to guard against fume inhalation
Special Procedures: Avoid stirring up dust; cool containers exposed to flames with water spray.
Personal Precautions: Minimize dust, ventilate area, wear appropriate personal protective equipment
Spill Procedures: Sweep up without generating a cloud; collect in sealed container for disposal
Cleanup Methods: Wipe remaining traces with damp cloth, wash area with mild detergent and water
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into drains or water sources, especially in large spills.
Handling: Avoid dust generation, use in well-ventilated areas; wash hands after use, keep containers tightly closed
Storage: Cool, dry place away from sunlight, moisture, heat, incompatible substances to prevent clumping and degradation
Storage Containers: Use airtight, non-reactive packaging (high-density polyethylene, glass) to preserve purity and prevent contamination.
Occupational Exposure Limits: No OSHA PEL, ACGIH TLV, or EU OEL established for naringenin
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation for bulk handling to keep airborne particles low
Respiratory Protection: Dust mask or particulate respirator for large-scale work
Skin Protection: Gloves (nitrile or similar), lab coat, long sleeves
Eye Protection: Safety glasses or chemical goggles
Workplace Hygiene: Wash hands before eating, drinking, or smoking; avoid direct contact with face or eyes.
Physical State: Solid crystalline powder
Color: White to pale yellow
Odor: Odorless
Melting Point: Approximately 245-250°C
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at room temperature
Solubility: Practically insoluble in water; soluble in methanol, ethanol, DMSO
Partition Coefficient (log P): Values typically around 2.0 to 2.5 (octanol/water) based on published data.
Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions
Conditions to Avoid: High temperature, moisture, direct sunlight
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizing agents
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and various phenolic compounds possible on combustion
Polymerization: Does not occur.
Acute Toxicity: Low toxicity in animal models (oral LD50 in rodents reported above 2000 mg/kg)
Skin Irritation: Not typically irritating, though prolonged or repeated exposure can dry or redden skin
Eye Irritation: May cause mechanical irritation for dust
Sensitization: Not reported as a sensitizer
Chronic Exposure: No evidence of carcinogenicity or mutagenicity in standard assays
Potential Health Effects: Unlikely to cause systemic harm at common exposure levels, but data gaps exist, especially long-term human use.
Aquatic Toxicity: Low toxicity expected due to rapid degradation and low water solubility
Persistence and Degradability: Readily biodegradable in soil and aquatic systems
Bioaccumulation: Not expected to bioaccumulate
Mobility in Soil: Low mobility predicted by low solubility
Other Effects: Minimal risk to the environment unless spilled in significant quantities.
Waste Disposal: Incineration preferred for large amounts; small amounts can go in general laboratory solid waste in accordance with local rules
Avoid Release: Prevent from entering watercourses, sewers, and soil in large amounts
Packing Material: Dispose of contaminated packaging as regulated chemical waste if contaminated.
UN Number: Not classified as hazardous for transport
Proper Shipping Name: Not regulated
Transport Hazards: Avoid generating dust during loading and unloading; secure containers against damage and moisture
Regulatory Status: Not a hazardous material by road, air, or sea under major international transport regulations.
Labeling Requirements: Does not require hazard labeling for supply or transport in many jurisdictions
Occupational Rules: No specific workplace restrictions established, standard laboratory chemical protocols apply
TSCA, EU REACH: Listed for research and industrial use, but monitoring of environmental and health impacts remains prudent as interest grows in supplement markets
Other Controls: Always confirm with local chemical safety or occupational health offices before scaling up use or disposal practices.
