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Chemical Name: N,N,N,N-Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine
Common Names: TMPD, Wurster’s Reagent
Appearance: Dark purple crystals or powder
Usage: Used in laboratory testing as a redox indicator, important in clinical biochemistry and microbiology for simple enzyme assessments
Odor: No strong scent
Solubility: Dissolves well in water, ethanol, and other polar solvents
Major Hazards: Can irritate the eyes, skin, and respiratory system; toxic if ingested or inhaled; potentially harmful through skin absorption
Exposure Risks: Dusts can cause coughing, burning sensation, or difficulty breathing
Inhalation: Challenge to airways and lungs, triggering irritation and even allergic reactions with repeated exposure
Chronic Effects: Reports of blood and nervous system effects tied to long-term or accidental frequent exposure, such as methemoglobinemia
Fire Reactivity: Not considered highly flammable but breaks down with heat, producing harmful fumes
Main Component: N,N,N,N-Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine at nearly 100% purity when sourced for lab use
Chemical Formula: C10H16N2
CAS Number: 100-22-1
Impurities: Good quality suppliers exclude most by-products, trace contents rarely present in lab-grade lots
Inhalation: Move outside to fresh air and seek medical attention if breathing problems start
Skin Contact: Rinse skin with plenty of water and mild soap, remove contaminated clothing
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes gently with water for at least 15 minutes, take extra care not to rub eyes
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, avoid vomiting, and get medical help right away
General Note: Fast action makes all the difference with chemical exposures to this type of organic compound
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use CO2, dry chemical, or foam. Keep away from streams of water if possible to avoid runoff
Combustion By-products: Releases nitrogen oxides and other irritating gases that can damage lungs and eyes
Protective Equipment: Firefighters need full gear and breathing apparatus; avoid inhaling smoke or vapors from burned material
Fire Spread: Keep storage areas cool and ventilated. Fire grows faster if powder disperses in the air
Personal Precautions: Wear gloves, goggles, and a lab coat. Avoid breathing dust. Keep clothing and skin covered
Cleanup Method: Sweep up gently, avoid making powder airborne. Use damp towels or wipes to gather all traces
Disposal: Collect material in a secure container for chemical waste collection, never pour down the drain
Room Safety: Ventilate space thoroughly after cleaning. Launder any reusable clothing exposed to the chemical
Safe Handling Tips: Use in well-ventilated areas, keep container tightly closed, and avoid contact with skin or eyes
Storage Conditions: Store away from heat, sparks, and open flames. Keep container in a dry, cool, well-ventilated cabinet
Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizers or acids may cause hazardous reactions, so keep separate from reactive substances
Spill Precautions: Handle with care to prevent dust in the air, use protective gear at all times
Engineering Controls: Fume hoods or local exhaust ventilation help maintain safe air quality
Personal Protective Equipment: Use nitrile gloves, splash-proof goggles, and snug lab coats
Respiratory Protection: Wear dust masks or respirators if working outside of proper ventilation
Hygiene Practices: Wash hands and face after working with the substance, no eating or drinking around the chemical
Form: Crystalline solid
Color: Dark purple to blue-black
Odor: Faint or absent
Melting Point: Around 52°C
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Solubility: Soluble in water, produces intensely colored solutions
Density: About 1.1 g/cm3
Other Properties: Sensitive to light and air, turns brownish as it ages or oxidizes
Stability: Stable under ordinary lab conditions if kept dry, cool, and tightly sealed
Decomposition: Oxidizes easily in the presence of air to form colored by-products
Hazardous Reactions: Contact with strong acids or oxidizers may form toxic gases or heat
Incompatible Materials: Avoid metal powders, peroxides, and strong acids/alkalis
Precaution: Handle under low-light conditions or in amber containers to slow oxidation
Acute Toxicity: Poisonous if swallowed or inhaled. Signs can range from dizziness or headache to blue lips/fingernails if methemoglobinemia develops
Skin/Eye Contact: May cause redness, pain, or blistering
Chronic Exposure: Documented effects include nervous system changes, anemia, or organ stress in animals with high-dose exposure
Exposure Limit: No established occupational exposure limit, but good practice says to keep levels as low as possible
Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to aquatic organisms, especially at low oxygen levels
Biodegradability: Tends to persist in soil and water; not quickly broken down by bacteria or sunlight
Bioaccumulation: Not much evidence it accumulates through the food chain, but small organisms show sensitivity
Precautionary Advice: Never flush waste into waterways or storm sewers, stick to approved disposal channels
Disposal Method: Collect residues and contaminated items for lab waste pickup and incineration at approved facilities
Avoid: Discharge to soil, water, or regular trash
Container Disposal: Rinse and deface label, then follow local chemical waste regulations
Legal Requirement: Follow all local and national rules for hazardous waste
Hazard Class: Classified as a hazardous material for transport under certain global regulations
Labeling: Shipping containers need clear hazard indication
Packaging: Small, sealed bottles or vials packed in shock-absorbent material help reduce risk during transit
Regulated Transport: Laboratory shipments must follow chemical transport guidelines set by air, sea, and road authorities
Workplace Safety: Many governments recognize this as a hazardous substance and require measures for its handling
Environmental Controls: Restrictions on release to water or land in place across most industrialized countries
Right to Know: Employees working with TMPD have a right to access information about its risks and required precautions
Labelling Laws: Clear hazard labeling required in academic and professional settings
