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Product Name: N-Hydroxysuccinimide
Synonyms: NHS, 1-Hydroxy-2,5-pyrrolidinedione
Chemical Formula: C4H5NO3
Molecular Weight: 115.09 g/mol
CAS Number: 6066-82-6
Recommended Uses: Laboratory research, synthesis of active esters for peptide coupling, bioconjugation processes
Supplier Information: Contact details, including phone number and emergency contact of manufacturer or distributor
Classification: Eye irritation (Category 2A), Skin irritation (Category 2), Acute toxicity, oral (Category 4)
Label Elements: GHS pictograms for irritant and harmful, signal word “Warning”, hazard statements including “may cause eye and skin irritation”, “harmful if swallowed”
Precautionary Statements: Avoid contact with eyes, skin, clothing; keep out of reach of children; do not breathe dust
Physical Hazards: Combustible dust under certain conditions
Health Hazards: May cause redness, discomfort, or allergic reactions through skin contact and inhalation
Environmental Hazards: Risk for aquatic toxicity if released in large quantities
Chemical Identity: N-Hydroxysuccinimide
Concentration: 99–100%
Impurities: Typically none significant for commercially available grades
Other Components: None expected due to purity requirements
Inhalation: Remove person to fresh air, monitor for difficulty breathing, seek medical attention if symptoms persist
Skin Contact: Take off contaminated clothing, wash skin thoroughly with soap and water, seek medical evaluation if irritation develops
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes, remove contact lenses, continue rinsing, consult medical help if irritation continues
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, do not induce vomiting, seek immediate medical advice
Most Important Symptoms and Effects: Redness, pain, irritation of affected sites, possibility of delayed allergic response
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide
Unsuitable Media: Avoid direct water stream on burning material
Specific Hazards: Dust can form explosive mixtures with air, combustion generates hazardous gases like carbon oxides and nitrogen oxides
Protective Equipment: Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective gear
Firefighting Instructions: Move containers from fire area if safe, prevent fire-fighting water from contaminating water sources and drains
Personal Precautions: Wear protective clothing including gloves, eye/face protection; avoid creating dust clouds; evacuate unnecessary personnel
Environmental Precautions: Prevent large spills from entering sewers, watercourses, or soil; report significant spills to local authorities
Cleanup Methods: Collect spillage using spark-proof equipment, shovel carefully into suitable bags or containers for disposal, ventilate affected area, wash surfaces thoroughly after cleaning
Handling: Use in well-ventilated spaces, avoid generating or breathing dust, do not eat, drink, or smoke during use, maintain good hygiene practices
Storage: Keep container tightly closed in a dry, cool, and well-ventilated area, store away from heat sources, oxidizers, acids, moisture, and direct sunlight
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizers, strong acids, alkalis
Recommended Packaging: Use original container or tightly sealed chemical-safe packaging designed to avoid moisture ingress
Engineering Controls: Fume cupboard or local exhaust ventilation to minimize dust exposure, dust collection system in high-use areas
Personal Protection: Protective gloves (nitrile or butyl), chemical safety goggles, protective clothing including lab coat
Respiratory Protection: Approved dust mask or respirator (NIOSH/EN certified) when risk of dust exposure exists
General Hygiene: Wash hands after handling, do not touch face or eyes, remove and wash contaminated clothing before reuse
Environmental Exposure Control: Minimize dust escape, maintain spill containment systems in storage and handling areas
Appearance: White crystalline powder
Odor: Odorless or faintly sweet
Melting Point/Range: 95–98°C
Boiling Point/Range: Decomposes on heating
Solubility: Moderately soluble in water, soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, DMSO, DMF
pH: Neutral to slightly acidic (in water)
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at room temperature
Relative Density: About 1.6 g/cm3
Flash Point: Not determined
Partition Coefficient: Not available
Decomposition Temperature: May release toxic fumes if heated strongly
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended conditions of storage and handling
Reactivity: Unstable only in presence of strong oxidants, strong acids, bases
Conditions to Avoid: Direct sunlight, elevated temperatures, high humidity, static discharge
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides
Polymerization: Does not undergo hazardous polymerization in normal use
Acute Toxicity: LD50 (oral, rat): Approximately 500 mg/kg
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: May cause irritation, redness, dryness after contact
Serious Eye Damage/Irritation: Causes moderate to severe eye irritation
Respiratory Effects: Irritation may develop with prolonged or high-level dust exposure
Sensitization: Possible allergic reactions in sensitive individuals
Chronic Toxicity: No data for repeated dose toxicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity; no evidence for mutagenic effects as per current literature
Ecotoxicity: May be harmful to aquatic organisms in concentrated form, avoid uncontrolled environmental release
Persistence and Degradability: Likely to degrade under typical environmental conditions, not persistent in water or soil
Bioaccumulative Potential: Low likelihood of accumulation in biota due to moderate water solubility and degradation
Mobility in Soil: Can leach through soil if spilled in significant amounts, risk to groundwater if large quantities released
Other Adverse Effects: No evidence of long-term ecosystem hazards at typical use concentrations
Disposal Recommendations: Do not discharge to surface water, sewers, or soil in uncontrolled quantities; follow local environmental controls and reporting requirements
Product Disposal: Treat as hazardous waste, use approved incineration facility or chemical waste landfill in accordance with local, regional, or national regulations
Container Disposal: Rinse thoroughly and dispose as hazardous waste; do not attempt reuse for food or personal items
Waste Codes: Consult local regulations for applicable waste identification numbers or categories
Precautions: Avoid dust generation during disposal, segregate from incompatible waste types, ensure materials labeled and tracked as chemical waste
UN Number: Not classified as dangerous for transport
Proper Shipping Name: N-Hydroxysuccinimide
Transport Hazard Class: Not regulated under US DOT, IATA, IMDG
Packing Group: Not applicable
Environmental Hazards: Not a marine pollutant
Special Precautions: Ship in tightly sealed original packaging, protect from moisture, keep labels visible at all times
Safety, Health, and Environmental regulations: TSCA-listed in the United States, REACH-registered in the European Union, subject to workplace exposure controls, safety standards in laboratories, and record keeping for chemical inventories
Labeling Requirements: Comply with OSHA, GHS, and CLP regulations for labeling, hazard communication, and training
Chemical Inventory Status: Listed or regulated in key national and regional chemical inventories including US, EU, Canada, Australia, Japan
Restrictions: Regulated under controlled use conditions; ensure compliance with local emissions, discharge, and workplace exposure limits
