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Product Name: Morpholine
Chemical Name: Tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine
Synonyms: Diethylene oximide, Tetrahydro-2H-1,4-oxazine
CAS Number: 110-91-8
Recommended Use: Corrosion inhibitor, chemical intermediate, rubber additive, pH regulator
Supplier: Manufacturer or distributor details available on shipping documentation
Emergency Phone: Refer to Chemtrec or local law enforcement for emergency contact
GHS Classification: Flammable liquid (Category 3), Acute toxicity, Oral/Dermal/Inhalation (Category 3), Skin corrosion (Category 1B), Eye damage (Category 1)
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Flammable liquid and vapor, causes severe skin burns and eye damage, may cause respiratory irritation, toxic if swallowed, toxic in contact with skin, toxic if inhaled
Precautionary Statements: Keep away from heat, sparks, open flames, and hot surfaces; avoid breathing mist, vapors, or spray; use explosion-proof equipment; wash hands thoroughly after handling; wear protective gloves, clothing, and eye protection; in case of fire use alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical, CO₂, or water spray for extinction
Chemical Identity: Morpholine
Concentration: ≥ 99%
Impurities: Trace amounts of water or byproducts may be present
Molecular Formula: C₄H₉NO
Molecular Weight: 87.12 g/mol
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air immediately. If breathing is labored, give oxygen. Use artificial respiration if not breathing. Seek medical help without delay.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing right away, rinse affected skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes; call for medical help if irritation or burn develops.
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes gently yet thoroughly with water for a minimum of 15 minutes, retract eyelids as needed. Seek immediate medical treatment.
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with clean water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Obtain medical attention fast.
General Advice: Remove victim from area of exposure. Ensure medical personnel understand identity and hazards of morpholine.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or water spray. Use large amounts of water to cool containers exposed to flames.
Specific Hazards: Vapors can form explosive mixtures with air; hazardous combustion products include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides.
Special Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Full protective clothing and self-contained breathing apparatus
Advice for Firefighters: Stay upwind. Use water spray to keep containers cool. Remove containers from fire area if safe. Fight fire from protected location or maximize distance.
Personal Precautions: Wear chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, and protective clothing. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate surrounding area.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Avoid discharge into drains, waterways, or soil. Warn authorities if environmental contamination is possible.
Methods for Cleaning Up: Absorb liquid in earth, sand, or inert absorbent material. Collect residue in suitable container for disposal. Ventilate area.
Decontamination: Wash spill site and disinfect tools and equipment after cleanup.
Handling: Use only outdoors or in well-ventilated areas. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, or clothing. Do not breathe vapor or mist. Keep away from food and drink. Take measures to prevent buildup of static charge.
Storage: Store in tightly closed containers, in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place. Keep away from strong oxidizing agents, acids, and sources of ignition. Properly label storage containers. Do not store in direct sunlight or near incompatible substances.
Hygiene Practices: Wash hands thoroughly after handling. Remove and wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
Occupational Exposure Limits: ACGIH TLV: 20 ppm (71 mg/m³) TWA; OSHA PEL: 20 ppm (70 mg/m³) TWA
Engineering Controls: Use general or local exhaust ventilation. Protect against release to workplace air.
Personal Protection: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile, neoprene), splash-proof goggles, face shield, impervious clothing, approved respiratory protection in poorly ventilated environments.
Monitoring: Regular monitoring of air quality and exposure levels around morpholine use.
Preventive Measures: Emergency eyewash and shower stations within immediate working area.
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor: Amine-like, fishy
Odor Threshold: Approximately 0.25 ppm
pH: 10.5–11.5 (1% aqueous solution)
Melting Point/Freezing Point: -4°C
Boiling Point: 128°C (262°F)
Flash Point: 35°C (95°F) closed cup
Evaporation Rate: Not available
Flammability: Flammable liquid
Upper/Lower Explosive Limits: 8.6% / 1.8% (by volume in air)
Vapor Pressure: 20 mmHg at 25°C
Vapor Density: 3.00 (air=1)
Relative Density: 0.999 g/cm³ (20°C)
Solubility: Completely miscible in water
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): -2.55
Autoignition Temperature: 310°C (590°F)
Decomposition Temperature: Not determined
Viscosity: 2.1 mPa·s (25°C)
Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Hazardous Reactions: Reacts with strong oxidizers, acids, acyl halides, aldehydes.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Emits toxic fumes of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides under fire conditions.
Polymerization: Hazardous polymerization will not occur under normal conditions.
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, flames, sparks, exposure to air for prolonged periods, contact with incompatible chemicals.
Acute Toxicity: LD50 Oral (rat): 1,050 mg/kg; LD50 Dermal (rabbit): 500 mg/kg; LC50 Inhalation (rat, 4h): 8 mg/L
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Causes burns, redness, pain, ulceration
Eye Damage/Irritation: Severe burns, pain, possible permanent damage, blindness
Respiratory or Skin Sensitization: Not expected to cause sensitization
Germ Cell Mutagenicity: Not classified as mutagenic by available data
Carcinogenicity: Not listed as carcinogen by IARC, NTP, OSHA
Reproductive Toxicity: No clear evidence of reproductive hazard
STOT – Single Exposure: May cause respiratory irritation and central nervous system effects
STOT – Repeated Exposure: Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause dermatitis, liver and kidney effects
Aspiration Hazard: Aspiration into lungs may cause chemical pneumonitis
Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic organisms; acute LC50 (fish, 96h): 180 mg/L, EC50 (daphnia, 48h): 65 mg/L
Persistence and Degradability: Readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions
Bioaccumulative Potential: Low; log Kow: -2.55
Mobility in Soil: High mobility due to solubility in water
Other Adverse Effects: High concentrations can deplete dissolved oxygen in surface waters and affect aquatic populations.
Precaution for Environment: Avoid release into environment uncontrolled or in large quantities.
Recommended Disposal Methods: Dispose through a licensed chemical waste contractor; incinerate or use landfill in accordance with local, regional, and national regulations
Container Disposal: Empty containers may retain product residues. Rinse and dispose using approved facility.
Other Disposal Precautions: Do not flush into surface water or sanitary sewer system.
UN Number: UN2054
Proper Shipping Name: Morpholine
Transport Hazard Class: 8 (Corrosive), 3 (Flammable liquids)
Packing Group: II
Labels Required: Corrosive, Flammable
Special Precautions: Protect containers from physical damage, keep away from food and feedstuffs, follow local and international transport regulations
Environmental Hazards: Not classified as marine pollutant by IMDG
TSCA: Listed in U.S. Toxic Substances Control Act inventory
OSHA: Classified as hazardous under OSHA Hazard Communication Standard
EU Regulations: Registered under REACH; hazard statements H226, H302, H314, H332 apply
Canada (DSL/NDSL): Listed
Australia (AICS): Listed
Other International Regulations: Subject to workplace exposure, environmental, and storage regulations in most jurisdictions
Label Elements: GHS hazard pictograms and signal words required on containers more than laboratory scale
Other Information: Observe chemical safety and risk management procedures according to OSHA, EPA, and local/federal guidelines.
