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Every bench scientist has run into Hanks’ Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) at some point, and the story of how this solution came about shows just how much cell culture has shaped modern research. Original HBSS dates back to the 1940s, crafted to keep tissues alive outside of the body—a feat that suddenly made biochemistry, virology, and cell biology possible on a level never seen before. The people behind its development had a clear goal: create an extracellular environment that mirrors key aspects of blood plasma, letting researchers keep cells from a wide range of organisms healthy and reactive in the lab. Over the decades, scientists started tweaking this formula, tailoring ionic concentrations and buffering components depending on what worked best for mammalian cells or specialized tissues. Modified versions of HBSS reflect this iterative process, sparked by years of side-by-side tests and real-world problem-solving at the lab bench. Every adjustment, whether it was more glucose or added magnesium, came from a practical question like, “Why are these cells dying overnight?” or “What’s making this enzyme so finicky outside the body?” In a sense, the solution’s backstory celebrates a tradition of troubleshooting and high-stakes experiments that pushed the life sciences forward.
Modified HBSS, for those who’ve measured it out day after day, comes across as more than a clear saltwater solution. What sets it apart is its ability to maintain physiological pH and osmolarity in environments where cells get stressed, such as during isolation, washing, or transport. The tweaks in “modified” versions aren’t there for marketing—they sprung from direct observation. Say, for example, cells fell apart faster in regular HBSS with calcium and magnesium. The modified version without these ions helped prevent cell aggregation and minimized unwanted enzymatic reactions. Add-ins like extra glucose or phenol red make it easier for scientists to spot imbalances at a glance, or to accommodate cells with rapid metabolic rates. This practical, bench-driven customization means that, whether you’re prepping primary neurons, growing fibroblasts, or working through a tricky isolation of immune cells, the solution has a version that can keep up. For anyone routinely tasked with keeping cells viable or prepping samples for downstream assays, modified HBSS is as much a foundational tool as pipettes or petri dishes.
You pour modified HBSS into a flask, and at first glance, it’s just a colorless liquid. But a closer look at its chemical makeup tells a different story. Sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate, sodium bicarbonate—the ionic components all serve a reason, aiming to recreate extracellular fluid. The balance of these ions is tuned for the physiological range. If osmolarity drifts even a little, cells either shrink or swell, which can throw off an entire experiment. The buffer system, often sodium bicarbonate or HEPES, watches pH, keeping things close to 7.4, which nearly all mammalian cells prefer. Modifications often involve adjusting these ratios or removing components entirely, like stripping out calcium for lymphocyte separation or adding glucose for energetic cell types. Sometimes, there’s phenol red as a pH indicator, tinting the solution and giving a fast visual readout if contamination or acidification comes into play. Under the microscope, cells act differently in HBSS compared to water, and that difference all ties back to this meticulous balancing act.
Every bottle of modified HBSS comes stamped with specifications that matter on a day-to-day basis. These details aren’t just for regulatory peace of mind—they’re rooted in lessons learned after years of failed cell cultures and hard-won successes. Ionic concentrations get listed to the millimole, pH needs to hit a certain window, and osmolality ranges get stated for a reason. Tiny deviations can throw off a sensitive assay or kill primary cells in hours. Labels also specify whether the solution has anything added beyond salts and water: glucose to support high-energy cells, phenol red to warn against acidification, or the absence of calcium and magnesium for enzymatic processes. Even the water source—typically guaranteed to be endotoxin-free and ultra-pure—reflects an awareness that trace impurities can turn a strong experiment into a disaster. Anyone who’s dealt with an unexpected change in supplier or batch knows how much the technical details translate to real-world effects.
In the lab, there’s often a temptation to prepare solutions in-house, especially when budgets run thin. Preparing modified HBSS is more than just weighing out a few salts—it’s a careful process shaped by every mistake made in the past. All the ingredients get dissolved in a specific order, usually starting with the simplest salts and ending with pH buffering agents. Water quality is checked, and the solution gets filtered for sterility, usually through a 0.2-micron filter. Adjusting the pH happens slowly, under constant monitoring, given how sensitive some cell types can be to even tiny shifts. Some labs autoclave the solution, but heat can break down certain ingredients, so filtration is often safer. The finished product is either used right away or stored under refrigeration, with strict attention to avoiding microbial growth. Years of lab experience have shown that even small shortcuts—skipping a filtration, letting the solution sit out at room temperature—invite problems that always show up at the worst possible time.
Tweaking the original HBSS recipe is often a necessity, not a choice. Removing calcium and magnesium, for instance, isn’t arbitrary—it stops cells from clumping by shutting down calcium-dependent adhesion processes. In some cases, adding extra glucose feeds cells that rapidly burn through energy reserves, especially during stress or transport. Researchers have tested other modifications too, like replacing sodium bicarbonate with alternative buffers to avoid CO2-related pH shifts in open dishes. These changes stem from a clear need: cells live or die by their surroundings, and minute shifts in ion concentration can activate or shut down key enzymatic reactions. With every tweak, researchers watch for unexpected side effects—sometimes a modification stabilizes one cell line but causes trouble for another. Over time, a handful of standardized modifications have stuck around, largely because they repeatedly delivered better results across many experiment types.
Lab veterans sometimes joke that keeping up with product names means staying ahead of supplier rebrands and catalog updates. Modified HBSS goes by a handful of names, depending on who supplies it and what’s been changed. Some labels call it HBSS Minus Ca/Mg, others tag it as HBSS Plus Glucose or HBSS With Phenol Red. Despite the different monikers, these products aim for the same target: supporting cell health across a swath of common manipulations. There isn’t much industry-wide agreement on naming conventions, so scientists have learned to double-check the fine print before swapping suppliers or approving a purchase order. The variety of names can get confusing for new lab members, but over time, it becomes part of the background noise of daily lab life.
Working with modified HBSS hardly compares to handling strong acids or radioactive isotopes, but basic safety habits still count. The solution’s sterility is non-negotiable, since contamination can not only ruin an experiment but seed a persistent problem in tissue culture setups. Lab routines center around using gloves, sanitizing bottle necks, and filtering solutions into sterile flasks. Some HBSS variants contain phenol red, which brings a minor safety consideration due to its potential as an irritant. Once opened, bottles need careful handling and refrigeration to slow down bacterial growth. Spills don’t threaten life or limb, but wiping up and disinfecting the area stops slip hazards or future contamination. Most researchers file modified HBSS among the friendlier reagents, but the same disciplined habits that keep tissue cultures safe extend to every bottle on the shelf.
Ask researchers what they use modified HBSS for, and you’ll likely hear a long, practical list. It’s the rinse between steps in preparing primary cells, the holding medium during organ dissection, and a buffer for everything from immunofluorescence to cell sorting. Some labs depend on the calcium/magnesium-free version for cell detachment; others rely on the glucose-supplemented variant to keep metabolically intense tissues alive during time-consuming procedures. In flow cytometry, modified HBSS prevents clumping while keeping cells suspended and healthy. In embryo handling or tissue dissociation, pH stability under atmospheric CO2 saves cell viability. The versatility of this buffer means it pops up everywhere, behind the scenes in molecular biology, virology, immunology, and regenerative medicine. For anyone looking to avoid introducing mysterious variables into sensitive experiments, reaching for a bottle of modified HBSS has become second nature.
The evolution of modified HBSS doesn’t stop with an old formula on a yellowed notebook page. Research into cell culture optimization continues, especially as scientists push for longer-term storage of sensitive samples or more demanding experimental timelines. Teams keep trying new ratios of salts, or add supplements like antioxidants, seeking ways to coax better survival from fragile primary cells and stem cell lines. Some researchers check whether tweaking potassium levels or switching out buffers can reduce background in electrophysiological studies. In tissue engineering, labs experiment by combining modified HBSS with growth factors and novel polymers, aiming for a concoction that holds cells steady and supports new tissue formation. These incremental changes can take years to filter out what works universally, but each version represents a chance to smooth out a bottleneck in difficult research protocols. The reality is, modified HBSS keeps getting re-imagined, and every year brings another handful of tweaks.
Most lab workers don’t look at a bottle of modified HBSS and fret about toxic side effects, but the story is more nuanced at the research level. Studies dating back decades have checked for cytotoxicity, especially as some modifications ramp up cellular stress. Extra glucose might seem harmless, but high concentrations have been shown to change the way cells handle oxidative stress, potentially reminding researchers to match the formulation to the experimental need. Additives like phenol red carry faint risks, given concerns about estrogenic effects or interference with certain assays. Occasionally, buffers or impurities not fully removed during preparation have triggered unexpected cell responses. That said, for the vast majority of experiments, modified HBSS remains a low-toxicity option, having stood up to routine quality checks across countless protocols. The lesson remains clear: knowing exactly what’s in the solution, and matching it to the biological system at hand, goes a long way.
There’s a general sense that modified HBSS will keep evolving right alongside advances in primary cell isolation, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. As researchers rely more on complex co-cultures, organoids, and artificial tissues, the demand rises for ever-tighter control of the extracellular environment. This means more work for buffer chemists and cell biologists, who test new additives, tweak salt ratios, or build in compatibility with cutting-edge imaging and detection systems. Maybe the next big development involves real-time, sensor-equipped flasks that detect micro-changes in pH or ion balance, blending smart tech with classical buffer chemistry. If new super-sensitive assays come to rely on more stable buffers, there will be a push for industry-wide transparency about composition and batch consistency. The future of modified HBSS sits within the unpredictable, occasionally chaotic world of experimental biology—driven not by marketing, but by the daily grind of researchers learning from every small success or failure at the bench.
Walk into any research lab and you’ll see bottles labeled “Modified Hanks’ Balanced Salt Solution,” often just called HBSS or MH BSS. Cell researchers and tissue engineers reach for it almost out of habit. Its main job is to keep cells healthy for a short time when they’re out of their natural environment—away from blood, away from the body. In my experience, it’s a staple. Worked with everything from basic fibroblasts to neural cells, and MH BSS never disappoints on the basics: it keeps things from drying out and maintains the right balance of salts so cells don’t rupture or shrivel up.
Let’s skip the ingredient list and focus on what matters. MH BSS mimics the ion levels and osmotic pressure that cells need to keep their shape and function. Sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride—if these minerals fall out of balance, you can say goodbye to the cells you planned to study or transplant. Some people underestimate the damage even a few minutes without the right salt solution can do, especially to sensitive tissue or primary cells swabbed directly from a living organism.
I saw this up close during my grad school days. A rushed transfer—say, moving a biopsy from the operating room to a lab bench—can mean dead tissue within minutes if someone skips MH BSS or lets the solution dry up. That’s not an overstatement. One slip can derail hours, if not weeks, of effort.
Beyond basic hydration, MH BSS gets used for tissue washing before transplantation or culture. Take organ transplants. After removing an organ, teams flush it with solutions like MH BSS. The point isn’t to feed the cells (it lacks nutrients and proteins for that) but to wash out blood and carry the tissue safely for a short time. This gentle rinse reduces contamination and slows cell death before further treatment (such as adding nutrient medium).
Stem cell work and in vitro fertilization labs also trust MH BSS. In IVF, for example, eggs and embryos make brief stops in this solution during preparation and examination. The right salt balance during those short exposures can impact whether embryos stay viable long enough for transfer. Skipping this step or using an inappropriate solution can make a whole procedure fail.
If you line up all the balanced salt solutions in a lab fridge, you’ll spot subtle differences among them. The “modified” in Modified Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution generally refers to tweaks in buffering and glucose levels, based on how often the solution will sit exposed to air or how sensitive the cells are. In lab practice, some cells need less sodium bicarbonate (the buffer) to keep their internal pH right, especially at room temperature or in open-air handling away from CO₂ incubators. Modified versions adjust these components to stop pH swings that can harm delicate tissues.
Problems turn up when people use the wrong salt solution or let it stand out too long. Cells can quickly dry out or start dying from stress or pH changes. Labs can reduce waste and failed experiments by training staff, double-checking ingredients, and labeling expiration dates clearly. Companies working in tissue preservation now explore new salt solutions mixed with antioxidant or extra energy sources. These innovations aim to stretch survival times for sensitive samples. For now, Modified Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution remains the dependable go-to for cell and tissue protection outside the body.
Modified Hanks’ Balanced Salt Solution plays a big role in labs supporting cell cultures and tissue work. Simple mistakes in storing this solution can ruin research or drive up costs from frequent waste. Over the years, I’ve seen busy labs skip a few basic steps just to save time, then pay for it later with spoiled batches and faulty results. This solution needs looking after if it's going to help researchers get reliable data day after day. Proper storage preserves the chemical stability, sterility, and overall usefulness of every bottle.
Refrigerators serve a busy lab well, keeping Modified Hanks’ solution between 2°C and 8°C. This cold storage slows down potential contamination by bacteria or fungi. It also helps prevent the breakdown of vital components inside the solution, like glucose and amino acids. Leaving it out, even for a few hours, can let microbes get a foothold. It’s tempting to leave bottles on the counter during heavy experiments, but they always end up lasting longer and working better when they stay in the fridge until needed. I’ve worked with labs in hot climates where a single afternoon out of refrigeration spoiled an entire box’s worth.
Unopened bottles generally last up to the printed expiration date as long as they stay chilled and the seal holds. After opening, it becomes another story. Bacteria from the air or on cotton gloves can sneak into the bottle every time the cap comes off. Most researchers mark the date on the label and aim to finish what’s left within four weeks. Some solutions run shorter, some a touch longer, but hitting the four-week mark usually means there’s less risk of contamination and fewer failed cell cultures. More than once, I’ve seen someone try to stretch a bottle well into its second month, only to start troubleshooting unexplained problems that vanished with a fresh bottle.
Light, especially sunlight and harsh indoor bulbs, degrades many chemicals, and Modified Hanks’ solution isn’t immune. Even though most bottles block some rays, repeated exposure on window sills or well-lit benches does its damage slowly. The coloring could change and nutrients break down, leaving cells stressed or dead. Good protocol means keeping the solution in its original container and putting it back in a dark fridge as soon as possible. In my experience, tape over the fridge window or a shaded spot for chemical storage prevented more problems than fancy tracking systems ever did.
Contaminants do more than spoil a bottle—they throw off results and sometimes force staff to repeat whole experiments. Using sterile technique matters every time the container opens. Never pour unused solution back in, even if it looks clear. It’s better to waste a bit on each run than risk an entire project on a contaminated batch. Single-use aliquots cut down on risk. If your lab runs dozens of tests a week, splitting the bulk solution into smaller, sterile tubes pays off by saving money in the long run.
Manufacturers now offer Modified Hanks’ solution in pre-sterilized, single-use containers. These cost more up front, but support higher confidence that each sample starts pure. Automated inventory alerts help track expiration dates and reduce accidental misuse. Tighter rules on refrigeration and better labeling can train new staff quickly, making it harder to cut corners when facing a deadline. From my own lab days, simple habits—always capping bottles quickly, writing open dates in permanent ink, and sharing reminders at lab meetings—did more to keep solutions pure than any memo or poster on the refrigerator door.
Modified Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) often pops up in clinical labs, cell culture studies, and research setups. You see bottles of this clear fluid on benches and inside cold storage. For anyone working with human cells, tissues, or microbial cultures, the question of sterility and readiness matters a lot more than making do with shortcuts.
Most folks expect reagents to live up to what the bottle says. Some see “sterile” in fine print and assume it’s safe for direct use. The trust comes from years of habit, and sometimes, the urge to push through a busy day. In reality, modified HBSS comes in different forms—some bottles get labeled sterile, but others, especially powders or those for bulk prep, do not.
Working in tissue culture, I’ve seen what happens when someone skips the sterility check. One unnoticed misstep leads to contamination of an entire experiment, ruining weeks of effort. A bad batch isn’t just a personal headache; it means questionable results, wasted resources, and possibly misleading findings published in journals.
Commercial suppliers offer HBSS as either pre-sterilized, ready-to-use liquid, or as a powder that needs mixing and sterilization. Powdered solutions look innocent, but after adding water, the product demands sterilization—typically filtration through a 0.22-micron filter or good old-fashioned autoclaving for situations not involving heat-sensitive additives. Pre-made, bottled liquids marked “sterile” give the green light for direct use in protocols. Others leave the burden on the user to confirm clean handling before exposing cells.
The U.S. Pharmacopeia, for example, spells out stipulations for buffer solutions, warning users not to assume sterility unless clearly stated. I have seen different labs using shortcut methods, opening non-sterile bottles on the bench, or pouring straight from a bulk container, trusting prior habits over instructions. In these moments, the risk for contamination doesn’t just threaten cells, but can also carry serious biohazards if working with pathogens.
For a researcher, a small mistake multiplies into lost time and money for the entire lab. In clinical work, the stakes rise higher—any cross-contamination puts patients at risk. Relying heavily on the promise of a “sterile” solution sets up false security if users don’t read the specifications, or if manufacturing practices miss the mark. The FDA and CDC both keep tabs on sterility testing for laboratory products, stressing vigilance and attention to certificates of analysis.
Thumbing through paperwork on every bottle slows things down, so it pays to build routine QA checks. Mark bottles with the opening date. Ask vendors pointed questions: Was this bottled under aseptic conditions, or must it be filtered? If assembling HBSS from powder, always run it through a sterile filter before any contact with sensitive material. Double up on glove changes if jumping between sterile and non-sterile items. Make it a team ritual—teach newcomers the value of sterility, and quiz suppliers without hesitation.
Everyone in the lab, research, or clinical setting wraps their results around the foundation of sterility. Spotting shortcuts early, and holding suppliers to clear standards, saves more than samples—it protects the entire integrity of science carried out every day.
Modified Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution crops up all over laboratories and clinics. On paper, it looks simple—just a mix of salts and sugars. It steps up when supporting cells before experiments, helping them hang onto their structure, and keeping the pH in check. For people in cell culture, this basic mixture acts almost like soil does for plants.
The solution's backbone is a mix of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium phosphate (monobasic). You also see D-glucose and phenol red in there. Each plays its own part.
Sodium chloride and potassium chloride keep the salt levels right for cells, basically helping them with hydration and nerve activity. Skimping on these can throw cells into chaos, making them swell or shrivel up. Calcium chloride doesn't just sit around; it helps muscle cells snap shut and nerves shoot out signals. Magnesium partners up, making sure enzymes have what they need to do their jobs.
Sodium bicarbonate and sodium phosphate handle the pH. Even tiny swings in pH can spoil sensitive cell cultures by harming enzymes and proteins. Magnesium sulfate and magnesium chloride join to keep ionic balance, which sounds boring but actually keeps things like DNA synthesis on track.
D-glucose gives cells the fuel they burn for energy, much like how runners rely on sugar before a race. If glucose levels drop too low, cells start dying off. Phenol red works as a quick, simple indicator—changing color if the pH moves ouside the healthy range, almost like a warning light on your car's dashboard.
In the lab, people notice fast if the solution is even slightly off. Cultures turn cloudy, cells stop growing, and sometimes nothing but troubleshooting will fix it. These ingredients aren’t chosen at random. Researchers in the 1940s and 1950s worked out the proportions by watching what kept cells healthiest over weeks at a time.
It’s more than balancing pH and feeding cells. This solution improves the recovery of cells from storage and shipping, making sure that biological samples actually get where they’re going in a usable state. Even in IVF clinics, the same recipe comes in handy for keeping embryos healthy during microscopic inspection and selection.
Taking a closer look at the trade—sometimes extra supplements get mixed in for special cell types. For neurons, a bit more glucose goes a long way. Some formulations leave out calcium and magnesium to keep cells from sticking together during separation. Those tweaks all circle around one basic concept: listen to what the cells need and adjust the recipe.
Keeping modified Hanks’ solution reliable means more than following a recipe. It takes high-purity salts, clean water, and strict quality checks. Not every laboratory has access to the same resources, leading to inconsistencies between batches. Investing in better quality control would weed out a lot of headaches people have come to accept as just bad luck. Better supply chains translate directly into better science and healthcare.
For everyone working in cell biology, this salt solution is more than a tool—it’s the baseline that helps keep experiments honest. The lesson’s simple: pay attention to the basics, and the big discoveries have a place to start.
Plenty of us working in lab settings have run across Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution, known to most as HBSS. Once modified with added ingredients, researchers often wonder if this solution can help cells grow, not just keep them stable for a short time. The typical formula handles the basic job—maintains salt, pH, and osmotic balance. Its main task: keep cells alive for procedures like washing or transport. Most cell lines do not get enough nutrition from HBSS alone for long-term culture.
Some labs tweak HBSS, adding glucose, calcium, magnesium, or maybe even extra buffering agents. The question comes down to whether this souped-up mix can replace complete media with all the amino acids, vitamins, serum, and growth factors cells crave. From personal experience in tissue culture, even the best home brew version of HBSS falls short if you are hoping for cell division or complex behavior over days.
There are situations where a modified HBSS shines. Short-term experiments, suspension cell handling, or quick washes between steps all get a boost from a solution tailored to the task. For example, adding glucose bumps up the energy available if you are keeping cells on ice or at room temperature during a transfer. Toss in some calcium and magnesium, and you can preserve cell-cell contacts longer. But let’s be honest: once your cells settle in for overnight incubation, they slow down and underperform in these thin salt-based brews, no matter how you tweak them.
I remember a time trying to culture primary neurons with an HBSS-based medium, bolstered with basic nutrients. The neurons survived for a few hours but soon lost their networks, while similar flasks with commercial media remained healthy and active for days. Published studies back this up—cells do not last without complex nutrients. Even cell lines that seem robust end up struggling, displaying slower growth and higher stress markers.
Peer-reviewed data supports what many have witnessed firsthand. Fetal bovine serum, full complement of amino acids, vitamins like folic acid and choline, plus bicarbonate buffering work together to give cells a lifeline. Long-term culture and robust proliferation need this mix. A 2017 publication in Cell Reports showed that missing micronutrients stunt cell division, even with glucose and salts. Clinical applications add another layer: regulatory agencies want media with controlled and documented ingredients. Modified HBSS won’t check those boxes on its own.
If the aim is to keep cells healthy and multiplying, trust in time-tested media like DMEM, RPMI, or MEM. These offer the right profile for mammalian cells, and manufacturers provide certificates of analysis. If cost or supply issues arise, supplementing base media with essential components works, but when nutrition gets too simple, cell health drops. For short-term work or washing steps, modified HBSS brings convenience and flexibility. Still, serious cell growth always needs something more.
Lab budgets, experimental aims, and regulatory standards drive media choice, but the take-home lesson remains: modified HBSS plays a role, just not as a full substitute for complete culture systems. Sticking to proven recipes means happier cells and more reliable results, a lesson learned by every scientist who has tried to stretch the rules.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | Modified Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution |
| Other names |
mHBSS Modified Hanks’ Solution Modified HBSS |
| Pronunciation | /ˈmɒdɪˌfaɪd hæŋks ˈbælənst sɔːlt səˈluːʃən/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 7778-77-0 |
| Beilstein Reference | 3581948 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:75935 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1201507 |
| ChemSpider | No ChemSpider identifier exists for the product "Modified Hanks' Balanced Salt Solution" as it is a mixture/buffer, not a single chemical entity. |
| DrugBank | DB09145 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 03b5c7e9-5bb6-40f8-982d-0635c3ab42e9 |
| EC Number | EC 231-598-3 |
| Gmelin Reference | Gmelin Reference: 3979 |
| KEGG | C02336 |
| MeSH | D01.268.556.100.800 |
| PubChem CID | 129701297 |
| RTECS number | MI7700000 |
| UNII | 48TCX9A9PU |
| UN number | UN1172 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID7032556 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, MgSO4, Na2HPO4, KH2PO4, NaHCO3, D-Glucose |
| Appearance | Clear, colorless solution |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 1.000 g/mL |
| Solubility in water | Soluble in water |
| log P | -7.6 |
| Acidity (pKa) | 7.3 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 8.0 |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.338 – 1.343 |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | B05CX03 |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Not hazardous. |
| GHS labelling | GHS labelling: Not classified as hazardous according to GHS |
| Pictograms | GHS07 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | No known significant effects or critical hazards. |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | Health: 1, Flammability: 0, Instability: 0, Special: - |
| NIOSH | NS613 |
| PEL (Permissible) | NIF |
| REL (Recommended) | 1X |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | Not Established |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
BES MOPS Phosphate-buffered saline Tris-buffered saline |
