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Product Name: Methanol
Synonyms: Methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, carbinol
CAS Number: 67-56-1
Recommended Uses: Solvent, fuel, antifreeze, chemical feedstock
Supplier: Industrial chemical suppliers, laboratory chemical providers
Emergency Number: Refer to regional poison control or company-specific emergency helpline
GHS Classification: Flammable liquid (Category 2), Acute toxicity oral (Category 3), Acute toxicity dermal (Category 3), Acute toxicity inhalation (Category 3), Specific target organ toxicity (single exposure, Category 1 – causes damage to organs)
Signal Word: Danger
Pictograms: Flame, Skull and Crossbones, Health Hazard
Hazard Statements: Highly flammable liquid and vapor; toxic if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled; causes damage to organs (eyes, central nervous system); may cause drowsiness or dizziness
Precautionary Statements: Keep away from ignition sources; avoid breathing vapors, mists or spray; use only outdoors or in well-ventilated areas; wear protective gloves and clothing; store locked up
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin and eye contact
Main Ingredient: Methanol
Chemical Formula: CH3OH
Concentration: 99-100% by weight
Impurities: Trace amounts of water and lower alcohols (may vary by supplier)
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air immediately, check for breathing, give artificial respiration if needed, seek medical attention
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting, rinse mouth with water if conscious, seek immediate medical attention; ethanol administration by healthcare professionals can help counteract toxic effects
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, rinse skin thoroughly with water, seek medical help if irritation persists
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes, remove contact lenses if present, obtain medical care without delay
Symptoms: Headache, dizziness, weakness, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, blindness, coma, death in severe cases
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide
Unsuitable Media: Water jet (may spread fire)
Hazards from Combustion: May produce toxic gases including carbon monoxide and formaldehyde
Special Protective Equipment: Full protective gear, self-contained breathing apparatus
Instructions: Evacuate area, use water spray to cool containers, prevent runoff from entering drains or waterways
Personal Precautions: Wear chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, and protective clothing, avoid inhalation and contact with skin or eyes
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into sewers, drains, and waterways; alert authorities if spill has caused environmental contamination
Spill Cleanup Methods: Use non-sparking tools, absorb with inert material (sand, earth, vermiculite), collect residue in a tightly closed container, ventilate area thoroughly, dispose of in line with regulations
Precautions for Safe Handling: Work in well-ventilated areas, ground and bond containers, avoid formation of vapors, avoid sources of ignition, do not breathe vapors, keep away from food and drinks
Safe Storage Conditions: Store in tightly sealed, properly labeled containers, keep in cool, dry, flameproof area, separate from oxidizers, acids, and halogens; store away from sunlight and incompatible materials
Exposure Limits: ACGIH TLV 200 ppm (TWA), 250 ppm (STEL); OSHA PEL 200 ppm (TWA)
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation, explosion-proof equipment, and closed systems
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile, butyl rubber), safety goggles or face shield, flame-resistant clothing, workplace respirators (NIOSH-approved) if exposure limits exceed recommended levels or in case of insufficient ventilation
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands thoroughly after handling, do not consume food or drinks in work area
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Mild, alcoholic
Melting Point: -98 °C
Boiling Point: 64.7 °C
Flash Point: 11 °C (closed cup)
Auto-ignition Temperature: 464 °C
Flammability: Highly flammable liquid and vapor
Vapor Pressure: 127 mmHg at 25 °C
Vapor Density: 1.1 (air=1)
Solubility: Miscible with water, alcohol, ether, and other polar solvents
Relative Density: 0.791–0.793 g/cm3 at 20 °C
pH: Not applicable (neutral in solution)
Evaporation Rate: Fast, similar to ethanol
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal storage and handling conditions
Reactivity: Reacts vigorously with strong oxidizing agents, acids, and alkali metals
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Produces carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, formaldehyde on combustion
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, flames, sparks, incompatible chemicals, static discharge
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 (rat) 5628 mg/kg; Dermal LD50 (rabbit) 15800 mg/kg; LC50 (rat, inhalation) 64000 ppm/4 hr
Chronic Toxicity: Prolonged exposure damages optic nerves and the central nervous system, leading to blindness or death
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion
Symptoms of Overexposure: Confusion, drowsiness, headache, vomiting, vertigo, blurred or dim vision, loss of coordination, possible convulsions, unconsciousness
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as a carcinogen by IARC, OSHA, or NTP
Other Health Effects: Potential kidney and liver damage; reproductive toxicity in high doses suspected
Environmental Fate: Highly mobile in soil and water, rapid evaporation from surface layers, biodegradable
Aquatic Toxicity: LC50 (96h, fish): 15,400 mg/L; EC50 (24h, daphnia): >10,000 mg/L
Persistence and Degradability: Methanol breaks down quickly in water and soil through natural processes, low potential for bioaccumulation
Effects on Organisms: Large spills can reduce oxygen levels in water, harming aquatic life
Other Information: Not expected to cause long-lasting or widespread environmental harm under normal use
Safe Disposal Methods: Collect liquid and contaminated absorbents in closed containers, dispose through properly licensed hazardous waste contractor
Incineration: Viable only with proper emission controls to minimize toxic formaldehyde and carbon monoxide release
Do Not: Dispose to sewer systems, open water, or unlined soil
Container Handling: Decontaminate thoroughly before recycling or disposal, ensure no vapor remains
UN Number: 1230
Proper Shipping Name: Methanol
Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable liquid), 6.1 (Toxic substances)
Packing Group: II
Labels: Flammable liquid, Toxic
Special Precautions: Transport in tightly closed containers, segregate from incompatible goods, follow local and international transport regulations
OSHA Hazards: Flammable liquid, toxic by all exposure routes
TSCA Inventory: Listed
SARA Title III Sections 302, 304, 313: Listed
Canada WHMIS: B2 (flam), D1B (toxic), D2B (other toxic), F
EPA RQ: 5000 lbs
Other Regulations: Subject to state and federal right-to-know laws, workplace chemical labeling and hazard communication standards, strict packaging and storage requirements
