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Product Name: Melamine
Chemical Formula: C3H6N6
CAS Number: 108-78-1
Other Names: 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine
Recommended Uses: Plastics, laminates, coatings, adhesives, flame retardants
Manufacturers: Common in industrial, laboratory, and chemical processing settings
Emergency Contact Numbers: Refer to local guidelines for poison control and industrial emergency response
Classification: Not flammable, not explosive, poses moderate health risk through dust inhalation
Hazard Statements: May cause respiratory tract and eye irritation; skin sensitization can occur; not considered a carcinogen at workplace exposures
Primary Routes of Entry: Inhalation, skin contact, ingestion
Label Elements: Warning symbol for health hazard, use recommended PPE icons
Medical Conditions Aggravated: Persons with existing respiratory sensitivities may experience increased symptoms
Pictograms: Exclamation mark symbol for irritant
Chemical Name: Melamine
Synonyms: Cyanuramide
Purity: Typically >99% in technical grade
Impurities: May include trace formaldehyde, other triazines
Ingredient Disclosure: Product consists almost entirely of melamine by mass
EC Number: 203-615-4
Inhalation: Remove person to fresh air, keep at rest, seek medical advice if symptoms persist
Skin Contact: Wash with soap and plenty of water, remove contaminated clothing, medical attention if irritation develops
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes, remove contact lenses if present, continue rinsing, contact a physician
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, drink water if conscious, do not induce vomiting without medical advice, seek prompt medical care
Important Symptoms: Coughing, shortness of breath, redness, possible allergic reactions
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Carbon dioxide, dry powder, foam, water spray
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: Direct water stream on dust
Special Hazards: Decomposes at high heat releasing toxic gases such as nitrogen oxides, ammonia, and potentially cyanuric acid
Firefighter Protection: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus, protective suit, avoid smoke and fumes
Combustion Products: Dense smoke possible, toxic decomposition gases
Explosion Hazard: Dust buildup in confined spaces can present fire risk under certain conditions
Personal Precautions: Use personal protective equipment, avoid breathing dust, ensure adequate ventilation
Environmental Precautions: Prevent release to waterways, soils, drains
Containment: Sweep up to prevent dust, collect and transfer to appropriate containers for disposal
Clean-up Methods: Use vacuum equipment with HEPA filters or wet methods, avoid generating airborne dust
Spill Reporting: Notify responsible authorities as mandated in local regulations
Handling: Minimize dust formation, use only in well-ventilated areas, ground equipment to prevent static buildup, avoid skin and eye contact
Hygiene Practices: Do not eat, drink, or smoke while using product, wash hands thoroughly after handling
Storage: Keep container tightly closed in a dry, cool, and well-ventilated place, protect from moisture, avoid incompatible substances such as strong acids and oxidizers
Shelf Life: Stable under proper storage, avoid prolonged exposure to heat or direct sunlight
Exposure Limits: No occupational exposure limit assigned in many jurisdictions, industry guidance suggests keeping below nuisance dust levels (typically 10 mg/m3 total, 3 mg/m3 respirable)
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation, process enclosures, minimize dust generation
Respiratory Protection: Use approved particulate respirators where dust is present
Hand Protection: Protective gloves made of rubber or nitrile
Eye Protection: Safety glasses with side shields, face shield for large volumes
Skin Protection: Long-sleeved clothing, chemical-resistant coveralls if necessary
Environmental Exposure Controls: Local containment systems to avoid release outside facility
Appearance: White crystalline powder
Odor: Odorless
Melting Point: Decomposes at 354°C
Boiling Point: Not applicable, decomposes before boiling
Solubility in Water: Slight; about 3.2 g/l at 20°C
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at ambient temperature
Density: 1.573 g/cm3
pH: Slightly basic in water
Partition Coefficient (log P): -1.37 (poor bioaccumulation potential)
Flash Point: Not flammable
Evaporation Rate: Not applicable
Autoignition Temperature: Not self-igniting
Explosive Limits: Cannot explode under normal conditions
Chemical Stability: Chemically stable under recommended conditions
Reactivity: Reacts with strong acids and oxidizers, decomposes at high temperature
Risk of Hazardous Reactions: Can form toxic gases if exposed to strong acid or fire
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, flames, and sparks, contact with incompatible chemicals
Incompatible Materials: Strong acids, strong oxidizing agents
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Ammonia, nitrogen oxides, cyanuric acid under fire condition
Acute Toxicity: Relatively low toxicity, oral LD50 (rat): ~3161 mg/kg
Chronic Effects: High doses linked with development of kidney stones and bladder issues in animals
Irritation: Can irritate eyes, skin, and respiratory tract
Sensitization: Reports of possible allergic skin reactions
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic to humans by IARC, no strong epidemiological evidence available
Mutagenicity: Not shown to have genetic impact in laboratory experiments
Reproductive Toxicity: No specific findings in well-conducted studies
Health Symptoms: Cough, throat irritation, skin redness, rare allergic responses
Aquatic Toxicity: Low toxicity to fishes and aquatic invertebrates, LC50 values in the range of 3,160 – 6,000 mg/l (fish, 96 hr), but chronic exposure can cause harm
Persistence and Degradability: Not readily biodegradable, can persist in soil and water
Bioaccumulation Potential: Very low, log P value -1.37 indicates minor movement through food webs
Mobility in Soil: Moderately mobile, leaching possible in sandy or low organic soils
Hazard to Plants and Animals: Risk increases with large-scale environmental release due to potential kidney effects in mammals
Other Adverse Effects: Disposal in water systems discouraged to prevent long-term accumulation
Waste Disposal Methods: Dispose of as hazardous solid waste at approved facility; avoid landfill without containment
Contaminated Packaging: Rinse containers, recycle or dispose according to local regulations
Legal Requirements: Comply with regional and national regulations on industrial chemicals
Incineration: Suitable for chemical incineration with flue gas scrubbing
Do Not: Release to sewer or surface waters
Special Instructions: Document waste movement in compliance with hazardous materials transport codes
UN Number: Usually not classified as a hazardous good for transport under ADR/RID, IMDG, IATA
Transport Hazard Class: Non-hazardous under most transport regulations
Packing Group: Not assigned
Environmental Hazards: Not a marine pollutant in minor quantities
Special Precautions: Transport in tightly sealed, labeled containers, protect against moisture
Emergency Response Guide: Refer to applicable regulations, ensure product remains contained during transit
Inventory Listings: Listed in major chemical inventories including TSCA (USA), EINECS (EU), DSL (Canada)
Regulation by Agencies: Subject to workplace hazard communication standards, safe handling under OSHA, REACH registration complete in the EU
Labeling Requirements: Comply with Globally Harmonized System (GHS) including hazard statements, pictograms and precautionary measures
Restrictions: Some limits on food contact materials and feed uses depending on country
Reporting Obligations: Release or disposal to environment regulated under hazardous substances rules in most regions
Employer Responsibilities: Train workers on hazard identification, emergency procedures, and personal protection
