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Substance: Malonic Acid
Chemical Formula: C3H4O4
Other Names: Propanedioic acid
Common Uses: Organic synthesis, precursor in barbiturates, specialty dyes, and flavor compounds
Appearance: White crystalline solid
Physical Hazards: Not flammable in bulk, but fine dust may create explosion risk
Health Hazards: Causes skin and eye irritation, inhalation can irritate mucous membranes, ingestion can cause gastrointestinal discomfort, and dust may cause respiratory irritation
Environmental Hazards: Unknown persistent hazard, but spills may lower local water pH affecting aquatic life
Main Ingredient: Malonic acid (propanedioic acid)
Concentration: Over 99% in most lab-grade lots
Impurities: Trace organic acids possible but not normally significant
Eye Contact: Immediate rinse with clean water for at least 15 minutes, seek medical attention if irritation remains
Skin Contact: Rinse off residue with running water, remove contaminated clothing, persistent irritation deserves doctor review
Inhalation: Remove to fresh air, avoid breathing further dust, monitor for persistent symptoms
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water, do not induce vomiting, get medical help if swallowed in larger quantities
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: Direct water jets are not the best for powder fires
Specific Hazards: Thermal decomposition at high heat produces carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and possibly irritating fumes
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Full protective gear with self-contained breathing apparatus recommended around significant fires
Personal Precautions: Avoid breathing dust, good ventilation is a must
Environmental Precautions: Avoid release to drains or soil, soluble acid can lower water pH at spill sites
Spill Cleanup: Collect solid with vacuum or scoop and dispose in proper waste containers, flush residues with copious water if safe to do so
Handling: Limit dust formation, prevent contact with skin and eyes, use local exhaust where handling powder
Storage: Keep container tightly sealed in cool, dry, and well-ventilated place, away from incompatible substances such as strong oxidizers and bases, containers need protection from moisture and physical damage
Engineering Controls: Use lab fume hoods or local ventilation whenever possible
Personal Protective Equipment: Gloves, goggles or safety glasses, lab coats or chemical-resistant clothing recommended
Respiratory Protection: Dust mask or suitable respiratory protection if ventilation is inadequate
Workplace Hygiene: Wash hands after handling, avoid eating or drinking near material
State: Solid, powder or crystalline
Color: White
Odor: Slightly acidic odor
Melting Point: Roughly 135°C
Solubility: High water solubility
pH: Acidic solution in water
Molecular Weight: 104.06 g/mol
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage settings, but can break down at high temperatures
Incompatible Materials: Avoid strong oxidizers, strong bases, alkali metals
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon oxides if heated far above melting
Main Exposure Routes: Inhalation, ingestion, skin or eye contact
Acute Effects: Burning sensation to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract, nausea or cramps if ingested
Sensitization: Data on allergic potential is lacking
Chronic Effects: Not considered carcinogenic in humans, long-term effects under regular lab handling are rare if safety procedures are followed
Aquatic Toxicity: Can reduce water pH if dumped in quantity, which can threaten aquatic organisms
Persistence: Biodegradable in soil and water, but acidifies local environment during breakdown
Bioaccumulation: Not expected due to high solubility and ready breakdown
Waste Disposal: Small-scale lab quantities can usually be neutralized and flushed to drain in accordance with local rules, large volumes call for hazardous waste disposal procedures
Container Disposal: Rinse thoroughly before recycling or discarding as chemical waste
Do Not: Dispose in household garbage, or pour in large volumes into sewer systems where treatment is not designed for organic acids
UN Number: Not regulated in small quantities by many agencies, but large bulk shipments may require hazard identification
Packing Group: Not classified under most transport regulations in small amounts
Shipping Precautions: Transport in tightly sealed, clearly labeled containers, separated from foodstuffs, bases, and oxidizers
OSHA: Recognized as an irritant, but not classified as hazardous in most work settings under US law
EPA: Not listed as a significant environmental hazard, not a reportable substance at federal level
International: Safety recommendations align with European, Canadian, and Asian standards on laboratory chemical handling
