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Product Name: Maleic Acid
Synonyms: cis-Butenedioic acid, Toxilic acid
Chemical Formula: C4H4O4
Molecular Weight: 116.07 g/mol
CAS Number: 110-16-7
Recommended Use: Used in manufacturing of resins, coatings, and as a chemical intermediate.
Manufacturer or Supplier Details: Listed on individual packaging or accompanying documents
Contact Information: Emergency response phone numbers for chemical incidents provided on shipment paperwork
Emergency Overview: White crystalline solids, sharp odor, may pose health risk if inhaled, ingested, or absorbed through skin.
Classification (GHS): Acute Toxicity (Oral, Dermal, Inhalation), Skin Corrosion/Irritation, Eye Damage/Irritation
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Harmful if swallowed, causes severe skin burns and eye damage, may cause respiratory irritation
Precautionary Statements: Do not breathe dust or fumes, wash thoroughly after handling, wear protective gloves, eye and face protection
Pictograms: Corrosive, Exclamation Mark, Health Hazard
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, dermal contact, ingestion, eye contact
Symptoms of Exposure: Burning sensation, coughing, headache, severe eye and skin irritation, digestive tract irritation
Target Organs: Skin, eyes, respiratory system
Chemical Name: Maleic Acid
CAS Number: 110-16-7
Concentration: 99% or higher
Impurities/Other Components: Fumaric Acid, trace levels; water and dust as possible minor contaminants
Inhalation: Move individual to fresh air immediately, provide oxygen if breathing is difficult, get medical attention quickly
Skin Contact: Wash with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes, remove contaminated clothing and shoes, seek medical aid
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes, keeping eyelids open, remove contact lenses if present and easy to do, obtain emergency medical care
Ingestion: Rinse mouth thoroughly, do not induce vomiting, never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person, call poison control or seek immediate medical assistance
Most Important Symptoms: Skin burns, eye damage, throat soreness, shortness of breath, gastrointestinal discomfort
Notes to Physician: Symptomatic treatment with supportive care, monitor for respiratory complications and chemical burns
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Water spray, foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: Avoid direct water jets on molten material
Specific Hazards: May produce toxic fumes such as carbon oxides when burned
Hazardous Combustion Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, irritating vapors and gases
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Full protective gear, self-contained breathing apparatus recommended
Fire-Fighting Procedures: Evacuate area, approach from upwind, prevent runoff from fire control entering water sources or environment
Personal Precautions: Avoid inhalation and contact with skin or eyes, wear gloves, eye protection, and suitable respiratory equipment
Environmental Precautions: Prevent substance from entering waterways, drains, or soil
Containment Methods: Control spill at source, use inert absorbent materials such as dry sand or vermiculite for small spills, contain and sweep up spillage carefully avoiding dust generation
Cleanup Procedures: Collect residue in suitable containers for disposal, ventilate area and wash spills with plenty of water, ensure all waste is handled by licensed disposal contractors
Dust Control: Minimize airborne dust, use local exhaust ventilation in area of cleanup
Precautions for Safe Handling: Use only in well-ventilated areas, avoid direct contact with substance, keep containers tightly closed when not in use, use proper grounding methods if handling large quantities
Advice on General Occupational Hygiene: Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling, wash hands thoroughly after handling, remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse
Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers and bases, keep out of direct sunlight
Storage Life: Store in original containers, avoid exposure to moisture and inappropriate temperature extremes
Occupational Exposure Limits: No OSHA PEL or ACGIH TLV established for maleic acid; recommend using minimum achievable airborne concentrations
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust or general dilution ventilation to keep airborne levels below recommended limits
Eye Protection: Chemical safety goggles with side shields, face shield for high risk of splashing
Skin Protection: Nitrile, neoprene, or rubber gloves, lab coat or chemical resistant apron
Respiratory Protection: Approved air-purifying respirator with acid gas cartridge or supplied air respirator if engineering controls are not sufficient
Other Protective Equipment: Emergency eyewash and safety shower facilities in work area
Appearance: White crystalline solid or powder
Odor: Pungent, slightly acrid
Odor Threshold: Not determined
pH: 1.3 (0.1M aqueous solution)
Melting Point/Freezing Point: 130°C
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Flash Point: Not flammable
Evaporation Rate: Not applicable
Flammability (Solid/Gas): Not flammable
Upper/Lower Flammability Limits: Not applicable
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at ambient temperature
Vapor Density: Not available
Relative Density: 1.59 g/cm³
Solubility: Soluble in water, ethanol, and acetone
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): -1.36
Auto-Ignition Temperature: Not self-igniting
Decomposition Temperature: Above 130°C
Viscosity: Not applicable
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions, unstable at elevated temperatures and humidity
Reactivity: Reactive with strong oxidizers, bases, and reducing agents
Hazardous Reactions: Violent reaction possible on contact with alkalis, formation of toxic gases possible upon decomposition
Conditions to Avoid: Avoid exposure to moisture, strong heat, and incompatible substances
Incompatible Materials: Alkali metals, strong bases, oxidizing agents
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, organic acid vapors
Polymerization: Not expected under normal storage and handling, can form solid polymer under certain conditions
Acute Toxicity (Oral): LD50 (rat) 700 mg/kg
Acute Toxicity (Dermal): Data not available, expect moderate to severe irritation
Acute Toxicity (Inhalation): LC50 not determined, may cause respiratory tract irritation
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Causes severe skin irritation and possible burns
Eye Damage/Irritation: Causes serious eye damage, risk of irreversible effects
Respiratory Sensitization: Not classified
Skin Sensitization: Not classified
Chronic Effects: Prolonged or repeated exposure may cause dermatitis, lung, kidney, or liver effects
Carcinogenicity: Not listed by IARC, NTP, ACGIH or OSHA as a carcinogen
Reproductive Toxicity: Animal studies suggest possible effects at high doses
Mutagenicity: Negative in standard bacterial and mammalian cell tests
Specific Target Organ Toxicity: May affect respiratory system, skin, eyes
Ecotoxicity: Harmful to aquatic organisms at high concentrations, EC50 (Daphnia magna) 42 mg/L (48 h)
Persistence and Degradability: Biodegradable under aerobic conditions in water, persistence not expected
Bioaccumulative Potential: Low, bioconcentration factor not significant
Mobility in Soil: Product will leach into soil and surface water, highly soluble in water
Other Adverse Effects: Acidification potential in aquatic systems, may cause temporary drops in pH values of receiving waters
Waste Treatment Methods: Dispose in accordance with local, regional, national and international regulations
Product Disposal: Collect solid waste in tightly sealed containers, label, and transfer to a licensed chemical waste disposal facility
Container Disposal: Rinse empty containers thoroughly before recycling or disposal, ensure local air and water emissions standards are not exceeded during disposal
Precautions: Avoid release to the environment, do not pour into drains or waterways
UN Number: 2215
UN Proper Shipping Name: Maleic Acid
Transport Hazard Class(es): 8 (Corrosive)
Packing Group: III
Labels: Corrosive label for transport
Environmental Hazards: May require special labeling depending on quantity and mode of transport
Special Precautions: Ensure packages are correctly sealed, labeled, and separated from food and feedstuffs during transit
Regulatory Transport Information: Subject to the regulations of IMDG, IATA, ADR as a corrosive solid
Safety, Health and Environmental Regulations: Subject to OSHA Hazard Communication Standard, SARA Title III reporting, TSCA inventory listing, REACH registration in EU, and regional chemical controls
Labeling Requirements: GHS-compliant hazard labels with signal word, pictogram, hazard, and precautionary statements
RCRA Status: Not listed as hazardous waste, but handle as for corrosive organic substance
Chemical Inventory Status: Listed on the TSCA, EINECS/ELINCS, China IECSC, Australia AICS, and other national inventories
Other: Check up-to-date local, state, and federal regulations for any specific reporting requirements and permissible exposure limits
