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Substance: Magnesium Sulfate Monohydrate
Synonyms: Epsom salt, MgSO4·H2O
Appearance: White crystalline powder, slightly bitter in taste
Odor: Odorless
Common Uses: Agricultural additive, pharmaceutical excipient, bath soaks, food additive
Chemical Formula: MgSO4·H2O
Recommended Use: Fertilizer for magnesium-deficient soils, component in animal feed supplements, therapeutic soaks, brewing salts in food and beverage production
Solubility: Soluble in water
Insolubility: Practically insoluble in alcohol
GHS Classification: Not classified as hazardous under normal conditions
Signal Word: None
Hazard Statement: May cause mild eye, skin, and respiratory irritation from overexposure to dust
Precautionary Measures: Avoid unnecessary contact with dust, avoid inhalation, and make sure to wash hands after handling
Symptoms from Overexposure: Eye or respiratory tract irritation, possible mild stomach upset if large amounts are ingested
Main Component: Magnesium Sulfate Monohydrate (MgSO4·H2O), typically accounts for at least 98% purity
Impurities: Trace levels of other magnesium salts or mineral constituents may occur but rarely reach significant levels
CAS Number: 14168-73-1
Molecular Weight: Around 138.38 g/mol
Inhalation: Move to fresh air, breathe normally, seek medical help if breathing becomes difficult
Skin Contact: Wash skin with mild soap and water, no special first aid is typically needed for brief contact
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes gently with plenty of water for several minutes, remove contact lenses if present, medical advice if irritation lingers
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water, do not induce vomiting, drink water if swallowed in small quantities, seek doctor’s advice for significant exposure or persistent symptoms
Flammability: Not flammable
Combustion Products: Sulfur oxides and magnesium oxides may be released at high temperatures
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide for surrounding fires
Special Protective Gear: Wear standard firefighting equipment if dealing with fire in vicinity
Thermal Decomposition: Releases fumes at elevated temperatures but does not support combustion itself
Personal Precautions: Avoid dust formation, ventilate space, wear protective gloves and dust masks if material is spilled
Containment: Prevent entry into drains or water systems by using absorbent materials or physical barriers
Cleanup Procedures: Sweep up gently, place residue in labeled waste container, wipe area with damp cloth to remove fine dust, wash contaminated tools and surfaces
Environmental Cautions: Avoid releasing large quantities into the environment
Safe Handling: Use outdoors or in a well-ventilated indoor area, minimize dust by gentle pouring or scooping, avoid eating or drinking near product
Hygiene Practices: Clean hands before eating, do not touch eyes
Storage Conditions: Store in cool, dry area away from moisture sources, containers should be tightly closed
Incompatibles: Keep away from strong acids and reducing agents, avoid storing with oxidizers that could react with sulfur content
Shelf Life: Stable and effective so long as it remains dry
Occupational Limits: No established exposure limits for magnesium sulfate, but it makes sense to keep dust to a minimum
Respiratory Protection: Use dust masks for extended or heavy exposure
Hand Protection: Wear gloves for long handling sessions or if open cuts are present
Eye Protection: Safety goggles recommended where splashing or powder in eyes is a risk
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation if dust levels rise
Other Protective Gear: Protective clothing if exposure is heavy, mainly as a basic workplace standard
Physical State: Powdered solid
Color: White to off-white
Odor: None
pH (10% Solution): Typically around 5.5 to 7
Melting Point: Decomposes at temperatures above 200°C
Water Solubility: Freely soluble
Vapor Pressure: Not applicable
Boiling Point: Not applicable, decomposes before boiling
Density: Around 2.4 g/cm³
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage and handling
Reactivity: No hazardous reactions with most materials under normal use
Hazardous Decomposition: Releases sulfur oxides and magnesium oxide at high heat
Conditions to Avoid: High temperatures, exposure to moisture or water
Incompatible Materials: Strong acids, reducing agents
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, eye or skin contact
Acute Effects: Mild irritation to eyes, skin, or respiratory tract
Chronic Effects: Not known to cause health effects if handled as directed
Toxicity Data: Magnesium sulfate carries low toxicity; ingestion of large amounts can cause gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea, with more severe symptoms only following massive doses
Sensitization: Not known to cause allergic sensitization
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogen by any major health agency
Aquatic Toxicity: Relatively low acute toxicity to aquatic organisms in small concentrations
Persistence: Dissolves and disperses in water, breaks down to natural mineral components
Bioaccumulation: Not expected
Soil Mobility: Mobile in soils due to high solubility
Other Risks: Large spills may alter water body chemistry or soil nutrient balance, so it makes sense to take care with disposal
Waste Handling: Small household quantities can go with regular trash if local laws allow
Industrial Disposal: Dispose according to local environmental and hazardous waste laws; large or concentrated spill residues should not reach surface water or storm drains
Container Disposal: Rinse and recycle containers if feasible, or send to landfill if permitted by regulations
General Advice: Avoid dumping massive amounts on soil to prevent magnesium overload, which can affect plant and water health
UN Number: Not regulated for ground, air, or sea transport
Hazard Class: Not classified as hazardous, not listed as a marine pollutant
Packing Group: Not assigned
Special Precautions: Keep packaging closed and dry during transport to avoid clumping or leakage
Bulk Handling: Take dust control measures to keep load secure, no special transportation infrastructure is needed
US Regulations: Not considered hazardous by OSHA
REACH (EU): Exempt as a common substance, not subject to registration for most uses
TSCA (US): Listed and approved for intended uses
Food Use: Permitted as a food additive under relevant regulations, including FDA and EFSA
Other Guidance: Most authorities treat as low environmental and human health risk when handled properly
