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Long before technical jargon like “Linolenic Acid Methyl Ester Isomer Mix” made its way into scientific journals, people already relied on the sources these chemicals come from. Linolenic acid traces back to the time humans started pressing oil from seeds such as flax and chia, not fully understanding the molecular treasures inside. As organic chemistry started to take shape in the late 19th century, methyl esters of fatty acids stepped out of shadowy obscurity. Today, methyl esters have woven themselves into the fabric of industrial chemistry, and linolenic acid methyl ester, especially its isomeric mixtures, shows up across more sectors than most people think. Researchers didn’t just stumble upon these mixtures; they chased them, driven by a need to expand the limits of natural oils for fuels, polymers, and surfactants. Each stage built on old-fashioned trial-and-error, a pile of failed experiments, and long afternoons poring over reaction flasks. The history behind this compound reflects a broader story: progress doesn’t arrive in a flash, but instead builds up, decade after decade, until the practical and the theoretical line up.
You crack open a bottle and you gaze at a mixture of methyl esters brewed from linolenic acid, usually plucked from oils rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Why does anyone care about the isomer mix, instead of a pure isomer? In practice, these mixtures present a unique set of benefits—often lower melting points, improved solubility, and altered reactivity. Most of what forms this mix comes down to the way unsaturated bonds arrange themselves inside the molecule, bringing both cis and trans isomers to the party. If you’ve ever watched biodiesel fuel being poured, you’ve already crossed paths with this compound, because it forms a crucial link in creating renewable alternatives for diesel. Those in the polymer industry lean heavily on these mixtures to nudge final products toward a more flexible, less brittle nature. The food industry, always eyeing health and texture, keeps a close watch on linolenic acid derivatives—and the labeling controversies prove how these “hidden” chemicals can move public debate.
The structure of linolenic acid methyl ester features a long hydrocarbon tail with three unsaturations, topped off with the methyl ester group. This odd mix of rigidity and flexibility means the compound slips easily between nonpolar substances, but can also dance with polar ones in the right setting. Pour a little into your palm and you’ll see a clear, almost colorless liquid, its faint odor betraying the plant source. Under the right conditions, the mixture oxidizes quickly, which spells both promise and peril—great for making drying oils, bad for storage stability. Cold flow properties keep engineers up at night because linolenic derivatives tend to thicken or crystallize at low temperatures. The little things matter here; a few degrees of unsaturation can radically reroute a chemical’s fate.
Walk into any chemical stockroom and you get hit with an overload of labels, numbers, and purity statements. The technical details behind linolenic acid methyl ester isomer mixes are more than just box-ticking; they signal how closely the batch matches some desired recipe. Standard purity numbers might range widely, with isomer breakdowns rarely hitting the same profile twice. Labels usually list acid value, saponification value, iodine value, and water content. Each metric ties back to either a chemical process or a real-world outcome—nails in the bridge between laboratory fate and real-world application. Mistakes in labelling or poor knowledge of what’s really in a container might cause a ruined batch or spark a safety risk in industrial settings.
Chemists don’t just stir oil and methanol together and hope for the best. The transesterification process pulls double duty: it converts triglycerides into fatty acid methyl esters and liberates glycerol, the latter important enough to spark its own research. Pulling out a clean mixture demands more than a reactive base and a dash of heat. Temperature, catalyst choice—whether you reach for sodium methoxide or another alkali—timing, and precise stoichiometry, all play their part. Mistakes here spell trouble; incomplete reactions hang around as impurities, causing issues downstream. Once the lab work finishes, engineers filter off byproducts, refine, and sometimes distill to sharpen the isomer profile. Technically, the process looks simple. In reality, it calls for an experienced hand, the sort that can spot phase changes or judge completion from the faintest shift in color or odor.
These methyl ester mixes don’t stay static. Oxidation reactions transform them into drying agents for paints and coatings. Hydrogenation stiffens up the structure, which can cut down on undesired reactions and make goods less prone to going rancid. Researchers who tinker with epoxidation find new paths to specialty polymers—an industry quietly obsessed with breaking molds into biodegradable territory. Saponification, often seen as just another lab test, actually sets the ground for the surfactant industry. Modifying the polyunsaturated bonds, flipping cis to trans or snipping them off entirely, teaches new tricks to the same old molecules. Every time someone discovers a new catalyst or cleans up an old purification protocol, downstream industries start to shift.
You could hear “methyl linolenate,” “hexadecatrienoic acid methyl ester,” or simply “C18:3 methyl ester.” In labs, these naming habits matter. Exam questions become heated debates. Even subtle changes in the way people describe these molecules—whether they reference plant origin, double bond position, or methylation—signal shifts in how the chemical gets used. For someone just breaking into this field, the maze of names frustrates and confuses, yet learning to navigate it means access to scientific articles, regulatory filings, and suppliers’ lists worldwide.
The risks tied to linolenic acid methyl ester isomer mixes rarely make the news, probably because most people see natural-product origins and assume innocence. In truth, exposure to concentrated fumes can lead to health complaints: headaches and irritation pop up on safety data sheets. Like most flammable liquids, a stack of drums stored near an open flame spells disaster, and careless disposal means environmental headaches. Guidelines published by global bodies stress gloves, controlled ventilation, and grounding containers to limit static discharge. Lessons from years on shop floors and in teaching labs show that routine—not heroic—measures matter most. Poor labeling, leaky seals, or complacency in storage set the stage for problems. Training up new users, not just in the specifics of the chemical, but in the art of reading a label or maintaining a spill kit, means creating a safety culture that does more than dodge accidents—it builds trust between colleagues and supervisors.
The journey of these isomer mixes stretches far beyond the research bench. Biodiesel producers keep them at the core of cleaner fuel blends. Polymer chemists use them to tweak everything from plastics to adhesives. Lubricant manufacturers value the low toxicity and renewable origins, especially as stricter rules demand alternatives to fossil-derived base stocks. Agriculture benefits from surfactant formulations that break through waxy plant cuticles, while the paint and coatings sector digs deep into epoxidation and cross-linking. In food science, methyl esters of linolenic acid shape nutritional supplements and specialty emulsifiers. For each field, success relies less on the molecule’s identity and more on how industry chooses to chemically alter and deploy the compound. Where some see a fancy bottle of clear liquid, others see a building block for changing how we power trucks or clean up food systems.
R&D teams rarely chase the flavor-of-the-month; instead, they build long-term projects around stable platforms. Linolenic acid methyl ester isomer mixes, because of their reactivity and sustainable pedigree, attract research across high-impact domains. Materials researchers want to advance bioplastics, eyeing new polymers built from modified methyl esters. Biochemists track metabolic pathways, testing if minor changes in isomer ratios reshape biological effects. Engineers in the fuel sector keep squeezing extra cold-flow performance using blending tricks and new additives. Real-world testing brings surprises; variables like local plant sources shift the isomer makeup, so no two consignment batches act exactly the same. Industry veterans know that small advances often come from cross-disciplinary teams: chemists, process engineers, safety experts, business minds.
People hear “fatty acid methyl esters” and either panic about unknown toxicity or wave off doubts as unfounded. Toxicity research cuts through marketing myths by making clear what these molecules really do in the body and in the environment. Most studies point out the low acute toxicity of linolenic acid methyl esters; ingestion and skin contact rarely provoke severe effects, but the inhalation of concentrated vapors has brought concern. Ecotoxicology looks at aquatic life, and while degradation appears pretty fast, the broader mix of isomers, impurities, and byproducts calls for vigilance. Historical cases show that “natural origin” can’t always guarantee safety. Regulatory science, slow and methodical, continues to check claims—one more reminder that trust grows only by facing risk with clear data.
The story of linolenic acid methyl ester isomer mixes rests at the intersection of renewable chemistry, industrial need, and safety. Future progress means doing more than just pushing yields higher. It calls for smarter control of isomer composition, branching out in modification chemistry, and keeping pace with tougher environmental standards. Whether these mixes form the beating heart of a new green chemistry revolution depends on more than just what happens in the lab. Broader acceptance will rely on open results, honest labeling, and a strong handling culture that makes technical progress safe and trustworthy. Even as debate rages between traditional petrochemical backers and plant-based enthusiasts, new research—real-world, transparent, and focused—not only keeps these methyl ester isomer mixes relevant but turns them into a proving ground for what chemical innovation means for people and the planet.
Mention linolenic acid methyl ester isomer mix and most people draw a blank. Scientists see it a little differently. Those of us who have worked in laboratories or with industrial-scale chemical processes understand this isn’t just an obscure compound—it holds real-world value. This mix, produced by methylating linolenic acid, shows up in applications few outside academic or industrial labs ever discuss.
Biodiesel research leans heavily on methyl esters produced from plant oils. Linolenic acid methyl ester isomer mix serves as a model compound for such work. Biofuel producers deal with properties like oxidative stability. If you’re running machinery on fuel derived from plant oils, you don’t want the stuff gumming up or turning rancid. Linolenic acid’s unsaturation—those double bonds that twist and bend—make it a fair stand-in for the “worst case” in oxidation trials. It’s why engineers test antioxidants and stabilizers on this mix; if an additive works here, it’s likely to help other biodiesels last longer on the shelf and in the tank.
Outside the fuel world, industrial lubricants also make use of fatty acid esters. Machines run smoother with good lubricants. Linolenic acid methyl ester mixes, with their unique blend of isomers, help tune the viscosity and cold-temperature flow of synthetic oils. I’ve known engineers testing out new formulations for wind turbines or automotive parts who rely on these methyl esters for that reason. In my own research, we used them to simulate natural changes that happen to oils in the field.
Organic chemists rarely settle for textbook reagents. They look for molecules that help them build more complex structures, especially those needed in pharmaceuticals or agrochemicals. Linolenic acid methyl ester isomer mix brings flexibility to a synthetic route. Reactivity changes with each isomer—so if you’re looking to add an oxygen atom here or a chlorine there, you can compare outcomes efficiently. Instead of running countless trials with pure compounds one at a time, researchers can use the mix and gain insights faster.
Analytical labs developing new detection methods often turn to this mix to validate their tests. Say you’re trying to catch traces of oxidized fats in a food product, or you’re checking soil samples for residual plant oils—using this methyl ester mix sharpens accuracy. My time in quality control showed how standards like this pinpoint weaknesses in routine testing, helping labs catch what others might miss.
With plant-based chemicals gaining attention, production sources and sustainability come under scrutiny. Most linolenic acid used for these esters comes from flaxseed oil or similar sources. Ensuring the crops behind these chemicals don’t contribute to deforestation or pesticide overuse matters. Producers who partner with farmers focused on good land management help shift the sector toward sustainability.
Regulation also plays a role, especially in any application touching food or the environment. Agencies want proof these mixes break down quickly and don’t harm wildlife if they escape into waterways. More transparency boosts confidence in expanding these specialty chemicals into new fields.
Researchers always look for ways to make chemical synthesis safer and cleaner. Advances in enzymatic methylation or green chemistry techniques could trim waste and energy use, reducing the environmental load. Industry groups supporting open reporting on sourcing and ingredient safety shut down fears about “new” chemicals disrupting ecosystems or public health.
Linolenic acid methyl ester isomer mix may look like a jumble of tangled carbon chains to most, but for researchers, fuel producers, and environmental testers, it’s a tool that plays a real role in tackling some practical challenges. As demand grows for safer, greener chemicals, the way these mixes are made and tested shapes the pace of progress.
Linolenic acid methyl ester isomer mix isn’t exactly a phrase that comes up at the dinner table, but anyone interested in nutrition, industrial chemistry, or even green technologies has bumped into it. The first time I encountered linolenic acid in a chemistry class, the discussion quickly shifted from basic fats to why the structure of even a single molecule can shape everything from our health to how industries develop bio-based solutions.
This isomer mix stems from linolenic acid, itself classified as an omega-3 fatty acid. In basic terms, what you’re getting here is a collection of methyl esters made by replacing the acid group of linolenic acid with a methyl group. This chemical reaction, called transesterification, opens a door to versatility. The result is a group of compounds often including alpha-linolenic acid methyl ester (all-cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester) along with its geometric isomers.
Imagine a molecule with 18 carbon atoms, three double bonds, and a methyl ester at one end. The arrangement of double bonds—where, and in what orientation—creates different isomers. The best-known, alpha-linolenic acid methyl ester, places those double bonds at the 9th, 12th, and 15th positions, each in a “cis” configuration. But heating or chemical reactions can nudge those bonds around, leading to “trans” isomers or shifting their positions.
There’s real science behind the fuss about isomer mixes. Nutritional studies tie the structure of omega-3 compounds to heart health and inflammation regulation. The human body responds differently to cis versus trans fats, and these isomers follow the same rules. Food scientists and nutritionists keep a close watch, understanding that even small changes to double-bond placement can shift a substance from health-booster to potential problem.
Outside the body, this mix serves as a building block for industries exploring sustainable materials. Bio-lubricants, green solvents, and even paint formulations benefit from methyl esters. A company I worked with relied on these for biodegradable oils, but purity mattered—a high level of trans isomers could weaken performance or slow biodegradation.
Batch-to-batch differences in isomer makeup stand out as a challenge. The pathway from raw linseed oil or other plant oils to purified methyl esters involves heat, pressure, and catalysts—the conditions influence the final isomer mix. That means researchers and manufacturers must keep close tabs on their processes, using analytical tools like gas chromatography to profile each batch.
Scientists understand that what goes into the bottle drives what comes out in terms of results. Health advocates want a predominance of the naturally-occurring cis isomers, not those engineered through rough processing. Manufacturers capable of tightening up their production steps, using gentle catalysts and temperature controls, stand a better chance at turning out methyl ester mixes closer to nature’s design.
For consumers and professionals alike, transparency around chemical composition builds trust. Ingredient lists, certificate of analysis documents, and clear communication from producers shine a light on what’s actually inside the bottle. This mix may look simple on paper, but in practice, its nuances reach into everything from your diet to industrial supply chains.
Linolenic Acid Methyl Ester Isomer Mix shows up in labs and workshops usually as a pale liquid. Anyone who handles this blend knows how quickly air and sunlight can start breaking down its quality. My years tracking down chemical spoilage taught me that just a small amount of light or stray heat can spoil an entire drum of sensitive esters. I once saw a whole batch turn rancid after a careless worker left it out under a warehouse skylight over the weekend.
Keeping oxygen out makes a huge difference. Years ago, I learned—sometimes through costly mistakes—that sealing the container tightly always pays dividends down the line. Linolenic Acid Methyl Esters can react with the oxygen in the air, leading to peroxides and an unpleasant odor nobody enjoys. Industry labs have long relied on nitrogen blanketing for longer-term storage. Filling the space inside the bottle or tank with inert gas keeps out the air and slows down unwanted reactions. Moisture also changes the story: even a trace of water can hydrolyze esters, lowering quality and raising safety concerns. Silica gel packs or molecular sieves help keep the atmosphere dry, and are a habit at every bench I've used for this sort of blend.
Letting Linolenic Acid Methyl Ester Isomer Mix sit at room temperature often tempts fate. From my own observations and several research articles, cooler temperatures around 2–8°C slow down the breakdown of unsaturated fatty acids and their esters. Storage in dark, refrigerated spaces preserves the material’s integrity and color. Ordinary room temp storage tends to lead to slow oxidation—an issue made painfully clear every time someone finds their sample much darker after a couple months in a warm storeroom.
Esters don’t like bright lights, especially not sunlight. Sunlight spurs unwanted chemical reactions, most notably the formation of peroxides that can degrade the product or complicate downstream synthesis. I once watched a technician store neat Linolenic Ethyl Esters in a clear bottle by the window; the next week, the sharp, soapy smell gave away the outcome. Amber glass bottles or opaque secondary containers are small investments that save money and materials over time.
Not just chemistry labs—anyone working with this mix faces risks if they ignore safe storage. I always write dates on every new batch and stick with the “first in, first out” habit. Product traceability and batch rotation keep everyone honest and the blend at its best. Good labeling in a dedicated chemical refrigerator, along with regular checks for color or odor changes, gives early warnings before things get out of hand.
Even if you trust your storage process, mistakes and accidents do happen. Proper labeling with hazard details and quick access to safety data sheets become vital, especially during emergencies. I’ve watched staff scramble after a spill, and quick recognition of the material helped avoid bigger headaches. Chemical-resistant gloves and goggles are always required in my own work to avoid skin and eye irritation. In settings where larger amounts get handled, containment trays and spill absorbents cut risks to people and the environment.
Looking at ways to improve facilities, I’d recommend routine staff training and written procedures tailored to Linolenic Acid Methyl Ester Mix. Adopting cooler storage and minimizing light exposure pays off for both big operations and small labs, keeping costs down and results predictable. From hard-earned experience, these little changes keep materials in top shape, workers safe, and projects moving.
People see complicated names like Linolenic Acid Methyl Ester Isomer Mix and start picturing danger. It’s easy to feel a flash of worry. In my own years working around labs and industries, I’ve seen the same reaction to anything with “ester” or “isomer” in the name. The real story takes a closer look at where this stuff shows up and what it actually does to living things.
This compound is basically a blend of different forms of methyl esters made from linolenic acid. That's an omega-3 fatty acid you’ll find in things like flaxseed oil and leafy greens. Chemists convert the acid into its methyl ester form for all sorts of reasons—bio-based lubricants, cosmetics, and sometimes as feedstock for specialty chemicals.
Folks in industries that make paints or biodegradable plastics bump into linolenic acid methyl esters on a regular basis. Home consumers might see them lurking in some skincare labels, though the “isomer mix” part gets less notice.
A quick look at safety data gets to the truth, and here’s what jumps out—linolenic acid methyl ester isn’t a notorious toxin. Regulatory bodies like ECHA (European Chemicals Agency) and the U.S. EPA don’t flag it among hazardous substances under normal conditions. Skin and eye exposure may cause mild irritation, especially if contact repeats over time or goes unchecked, but the risk falls low compared to plenty of other chemical cousins.
If you spill a little on your skin in a lab, a quick soap-and-water wash solves the problem. If you work all day with vats of it, some basic gloves and eye protection handle most issues. Breathing in mist or vapor isn't a likely problem in most workplace settings. Swallowing the compound needs medical attention just like most industrial chemicals, but published animal studies show little evidence of acute systemic toxicity.
Everybody wants to know about long-term risk. So far, studies show no clear link to cancer, reproductive harm, or lasting organ damage. Biodiesel manufacturers and researchers have pushed this chemical around in all sorts of large-scale processes, and nothing damning turns up in published health surveys.
Everyday experience tells me no chemical is totally risk-free. But compared to strong acids, reactive solvents, or certain metal-based additives, linolenic acid methyl ester blends don’t rate high on danger charts. Reliable sources—SDS (Safety Data Sheet) listings and published research—back up this personal sense of relative safety.
Accidents still happen. Good ventilation, gloves, eye goggles—these routine steps matter, even with low-hazard compounds. Small companies and DIYers sometimes ignore this, leading to avoidable mishaps. Regular workplace training and access to current chemical info turn out way more important than the ingredient itself.
Transparency means talking to workers about what’s in their environment. Over my years in chemical plants and environmental labs, I’ve watched trust grow when management lets people know what’s in the barrel or drum. Telling the truth about risk—without hiding behind jargon—keeps rumors from getting out of hand.
Linolenic acid methyl ester isomer mixes are not the boogeyman some might imagine. Calm, fact-based discourse and respect for good lab habits shut down most fears. Experience counts, and stories from the field show once folks get the whole picture, they relax and focus on real risks rather than imagined ones.
A lot of people hear the word “purity” and just expect a clean, high-quality product across the board. In chemical supplies, that expectation doesn’t always match reality. If you’re buying linolenic acid methyl ester isomer mix, numbers matter. Most of the time, folks offering this material specify purities above 95%. Sometimes that number hits 98%, especially with research-grade batches, but even with a strong supplier, chasing absolute perfection rarely pays off. At these levels, even a few percent shortfall means residue or byproducts linger. Trace moisture, minor fatty acid residues, or leftover solvents from synthesis pop up all the time in lab tests.
Handling this mix every week for chromatography calibrations, the quality isn’t about some magic number on a datasheet. When suppliers quote 95% or 98%, lab checks confirm that. There’s nearly always a small haze or aroma that tells you you’re not looking at single-molecule stuff. For simple research use or as a building block, this isn’t a dealbreaker. For food or pharma applications, though, stricter confirmation matters. Published studies back up these purity ranges, confirming the most common commercial material lands between 95% and 98%. Only extremely high-purity needs, like trace analysis, go above this range, often pushing prices up sharply.
Linolenic acid stands out for its three double bonds, but those can line up in different ways. Lots of suppliers label their mixes “isomer mix” without much detail, making life frustrating for customers needing precise ratios. For this methyl ester, three major isomers typically show up: alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid), gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, 6,9,12-octadecatrienoic acid), and sometimes stearidonic acid (SDA, 6,9,12,15-octadecatetraenoic acid).
In most commercial mixes, ALA usually dominates, often sitting at 85–95%. GLA forms most of the remainder, usually between 3% and 10%. SDA and minor isomers fill out the last fraction. These numbers shift with the source material—whether it’s from plant oil or synthetic origin—and the refining process. Some manufacturers document exact ratios, but many stick to a general “mainly ALA, minor GLA” guideline. Having run GC-MS analyses on these methyl esters, those advertised numbers basically stack up: the peak for ALA dwarfs the rest, with GLA showing up as a clear but smaller neighbor. SDA and other trace isomers float at barely detectable levels.
For end-users who can’t accept surprises in their chemistry, documentation saves the day. Certificates of analysis lay out actual isomer percentages, not just blanket claims. Those who need the same ratio every time benefit by sticking with suppliers offering detailed breakdowns. For others who use the material as a broad fatty acid reference, minor shifts in isomer ratio hardly matter.
Quality testing is the main way forward. Most labs with proper equipment can verify both purity and major isomer percentages with simple GC or HPLC runs, offering peace of mind and protecting against ingredient drift from batch to batch. On the supplier side, open reporting—batch data, real chromatograms, sourcing info—helps buyers trust what they’re receiving. Across several industries, better transparency and direct batch testing help keep expectations aligned with reality.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | methyl (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoate |
| Other names |
Methyl linolenate Methyl 9,12,15-octadecatrienoate Methyl (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoate Linolenic acid methyl ester |
| Pronunciation | /ˌlaɪ.nəˈliː.nɪk ˈæs.ɪd ˈmiː.θəl ˈɛs.tər ˈaɪ.sə.mər mɪks/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 67763-07-3 |
| Beilstein Reference | 7421463 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:60174 |
| ChEMBL | CHEBI:78745 |
| ChemSpider | 20568237 |
| DrugBank | DB03758 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 03e88376-4109-4834-9a5e-4e204f8c7068 |
| Gmelin Reference | Gmelin Reference: "135588 |
| KEGG | C16339 |
| MeSH | D008073 |
| PubChem CID | 5464225 |
| RTECS number | OG9725000 |
| UNII | 7H59M9S341 |
| UN number | UN1993 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C19H32O2 |
| Molar mass | 292.47 g/mol |
| Appearance | Clear yellow liquid |
| Odor | oily |
| Density | 0.9 g/mL at 25 °C |
| Solubility in water | insoluble |
| log P | 4.8 |
| Vapor pressure | 0.2 mmHg (20°C) |
| Acidity (pKa) | 4.75 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 11.74 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -76 × 10⁻⁶ cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.479 |
| Viscosity | 20 cP (20°C) |
| Dipole moment | 2.11 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 570.5 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -800.7 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -8891.8 kJ/mol |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | A11HA30 |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling | GHS02, GHS07 |
| Pictograms | GHS07 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H315, H319 |
| Precautionary statements | P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P273, P280, P303+P361+P353, P370+P378 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 2-1-0 |
| Flash point | > 230 °F (110 °C) |
| Autoignition temperature | 379 °C (lit.) |
| Explosive limits | Lower: 0.9% Upper: 7.0% |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): Oral rat LD50 > 5,000 mg/kg |
| NIOSH | NLQ4225000 |
| REL (Recommended) | 5 mg |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Linolenic acid Methyl linoleate Linoleic acid methyl ester Alpha-linolenic acid Gamma-linolenic acid Methyl oleate |
