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Chemical Name: Lead(II) Bromide
Synonyms: Plumbous bromide
Formula: PbBr2
Appearance: White to pale yellow crystalline solid
Uses: Most often found in laboratories, teaching environments, sometimes as an intermediate in chemical synthesis. Someone encountering it outside of these places often deals with legacy waste.
Acute Health Hazards: Inhalation, skin contact, ingestion, or eye contact leads to poisoning. Lead is a cumulative toxicant affecting neurological, hematopoietic, and renal systems.
Chronic Health Hazards: Ongoing exposure ties to learning deficits, headaches, anemia, kidney dysfunction, and reproductive toxicity.
OSHA Classification: Highly toxic, hazardous by all routes of exposure.
Symbol: Skull and crossbones commonly flags this chemical.
Precautionary Statements: Proper glove and respirator use minimizes uptake. Closed-toe shoes and long sleeves become critical in any spot handling this material.
Main Component: Lead(II) bromide at near-pure concentrations.
CAS Number: 10031-22-8
Impurities: Not a mixture — the risks all link back to the lead ion and its bioaccumulation.
Inhalation: Move the exposed individual to fresh air. Immediate medical attention helps; oxygen often becomes necessary. Symptoms—cough, shortness of breath, headache—should not be ignored.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing and flush the skin thoroughly. Soaps help but medical evaluation is essential because absorption happens through skin.
Eye Contact: Rinse with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes. Seek immediate medical attention; eye tissues suffer fast from heavy metals.
Ingestion: Seek medical assistance without delay. Do not induce vomiting. Activated charcoal plays a role in reducing absorption if given swiftly.
Extinguishing Media: Water spray, foam, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical all control surrounding fire, but lead compounds themselves do not readily burn.
Fire Hazards: Thermal decomposition produces toxic lead and bromine fumes. Firefighters gear up with full face protection and positive-pressure breathing apparatus.
Precautions: Evacuate area promptly. Prevent runoff from contaminating water systems—heavy metals migrate fast in firewater.
Personal Precautions: Dust mask, chemical-resistant gloves, protective clothing equip responders. Only individuals trained in hazardous material response should clean.
Environmental Precautions: Do not permit chemical to reach waterways, drains, or soil. Even small spills threaten aquatic creatures long after clean-up.
Cleanup Methods: Sweep or scoop up using HEPA-filtered vacuums or wet methods. Double-bag contaminated materials in secure waste containers for hazardous waste disposal.
Handling: Local exhaust ventilation required. Always open containers in a fume hood. Employees should not eat, drink, or smoke around storage or use areas.
Storage: Store in dry, well-ventilated place. Use corrosion-resistant containers, label storage clearly, and restrict access. Separate from acids, oxidizers, and reducing agents; storage away from food and feed keeps risk in check.
Labeling: “Toxic,” “Environmental Hazard,” and skull-and-crossbones icons warn non-chemists to keep their distance.
Engineering Controls: Effective fume hoods and exhaust systems prove the best line of defense. Workplaces handling even small amounts will often require HEPA air filters.
Personal Protective Equipment: Gloves made from nitrile, neoprene, or natural rubber; full lab coat, chemical goggles, respirator with P100 particulate cartridge. No jewelry or watches where dust can get trapped.
Hygiene Measures: Handwashing after handling; shower and clothing changes after significant exposure. Regular blood lead testing offers early warning for overexposure.
Molecular Weight: 367.01 g/mol
Melting Point: Around 373 °C
Boiling Point: Decomposes
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, higher at increased temperature.
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at room temperature
Odor: Odorless
Color: White or pale yellow crystal
Chemical Stability: Stable under usual conditions of use and storage. Decomposes at high temperature to give off toxic fumes.
Reactivity: Reacts with oxidizing agents, strong acids, some metals. Light and moisture do not break it down quickly.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Lead fumes, bromine gas—both highly toxic, dangerous for lungs, and a hazard to the environment.
Acute Toxicity: Lead salts cause poisoning fast if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin.
Chronic Toxicity: Consistent research ties blood lead rises to lowered cognition, hypertension, kidney dysfunction, and miscarriages. Children’s central nervous systems experience effects at much lower doses than adults.
Carcinogenicity: Lead compounds are commonly classified by global health agencies as probable human carcinogens.
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, dermal, ocular are all potential pathways.
Environmental Hazards: Lead(II) bromide dissolves slowly but persists in soil and water, threatening aquatic life and building up in plants and animals over time.
Persistence and Degradability: Does not degrade in natural conditions—bioaccumulates and does not flush out of biological systems.
Bioaccumulative Potential: High; both lead ions and bromide worry governments monitoring contaminated waterways.
Ecotoxicity: Even low ppb concentrations damage aquatic environments, causing neurological harm to fish and invertebrates.
Disposal Methods: Needs to enter qualified hazardous waste facilities. Dumping into regular trash or pouring down the drain pollutes water and soil on a broad scale.
Packaging: Double containment, labeled for hazardous waste; avoid generating dust or airborne particles during transfer.
Regulations: Laws mandate cradle-to-grave responsibility for disposal—labs and factories keep records and submit waste manifests.
Shipping Classification: Regulated for transport. Falls into categories for toxic solid substances.
Packing Requirements: Leak-proof, sealed containers; clear hazardous substance labels; restrict transport to permitted vehicles and carriers.
Transport Hazards: Spillage during transit leads to major environmental and public health hazards. Carriers require documented awareness of the risks.
Workplace Controls: Most countries enforce workplace exposure limits well below what causes acute symptoms. Monitoring and medical testing become legal requirements for employees.
Product Registration: Certain national enviromental and health agencies keep Lead(II) bromide on “watch lists”—placing it under reporting obligations for production, use, and emissions.
Environmental Release: Releasing any measurable amount into soil, air or water requires reporting and can trigger regulatory action or cleanup requirements.
