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Chemical: Lead(II) Acetate Trihydrate
Formula: Pb(C2H3O2)2·3H2O
Common Names: Sugar of Lead, Lead Diacetate
Use: Historically used in dyes, insecticides, laboratory reagents
Appearance: White crystalline solid that tastes sweet (never ingest, highly toxic)
Health Risk: Extreme; prolonged or repeated exposure can cause severe poisoning, organ failure, and brain damage
Acute Risk: Highly toxic if inhaled, swallowed, or on skin; potential for immediate symptoms like abdominal pain, nausea, headache
Environmental Hazard: Persistent; contaminates water and soil, endangers aquatic life
Chronic Effects: Lead bioaccumulates, disrupts development in children, triggers neurological and blood disorders
Routes of Exposure: Skin absorption, inhalation of dust, ingestion, eye contact
Active Component: Lead(II) Acetate Trihydrate
CAS Number: 6080-56-4
Molecular Weight: 379.33 g/mol
Impurities: Typically contains trace water and minor lead salts; extra impurities in recycled material cannot be discounted
Inhalation: Move person into fresh air, keep at rest, seek immediate medical attention
Skin Contact: Remove any contaminated clothing, wash exposed area repeatedly with water and soap, consult a doctor soon after
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes with lots of water, lifting eyelids, rush to an emergency facility
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting, rinse mouth, attempt immediate medical help—delay risks fatality
Symptoms to Watch for: Severe abdominal cramps, muscle weakness, vomiting, confusion, seizures
Flammability: Not combustible, but can generate toxic fumes at high temperature
Hazardous Byproducts: Toxic lead oxide, acetic acid vapor
Extinguishing Media: Use agents suited for surrounding fire—avoid direct water spray, as contamination spreads easily
Firefighter Protection: Use self-contained breathing gear and protective suits to avoid inhaling smoke or fumes
Personal Protection: Full protective clothing, chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, and masks
Cleanup: Gently collect spill with minimal dust production, seal in leak-proof containers, ventilate area
Surface Protection: Block spills from draining into water or soil; small spills may require wet method cleanup to trap dust
Disposal: Never flush into sewers; contaminated tools and debris require hazardous waste handling
Handling: Use fume hoods, avoid all skin and eye contact, minimize dust and vapor generation, never eat or drink while handling
Storage: Keep in tightly closed containers, dry, well-ventilated, locked cabinet—far from acids, food, or animal feed
Transport: Clearly label all containers, transport as hazardous material
Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL for lead states 0.05 mg/m³ in air, ACGIH recommends even lower levels
Engineering Controls: Local exhaust ventilation, closed systems
Personal Protection Gear: Chemical splash goggles, nitrile or PVC gloves, laboratory coats, NIOSH-approved respirator if dust or fumes present
Hygiene: Wash hands thoroughly after use, remove soiled clothing, maintain strict area segregation between work and eating spaces
Form: Solid, crystalline
Color: White
Odor: Slight acetic acid smell
Solubility: Freely soluble in water and glycerol
Melting Point: Decomposes above 75°C
Other Properties: Can form toxic vapors in fire; reacts easily with strong acids, bases, or reducing agents
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Instability: Sensitive to moisture and high temperature, decomposes to toxic fumes
Incompatibility: Avoid acids, sulfides, phosphates, reducing agents
Hazardous Reactions: Forms lead oxides and acetic acid on decomposition; strong oxidizers may trigger aggressive reactions
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 in rats: estimated at 466 mg/kg; extremely dangerous by inhalation or ingestion
Chronic Toxicity: Lead damages brain, kidneys, nervous system; chronic exposure impairs fertility, causes anemia, disrupts child development
Carcinogenicity: Lead compounds are listed as probable human carcinogens by IARC
Symptoms: Headaches, weight loss, irritability, abdominal pain, memory loss, seizures
Vulnerable Populations: Children, pregnant individuals, and workers lack direct warning signs until serious harm occurs
Persistence: Persists in environment, does not break down easily
Bioaccumulation: Lead builds up in plants, animals, especially aquatic organisms
Water Hazard: Highly toxic to aquatic life even at low levels; damages fish, amphibians, and enters food chain
Soil: Soil contamination can linger decades, affects food crops and livestock
Disposal Impact: Mishandling can contaminate entire sites, requiring costly remediation
Hazardous Waste: Classified as hazardous; must follow national and local hazardous waste disposal regulations
Container Cleanup: Rinse and contain separately; never mix with nonhazardous garbage
Methods: High-temperature incineration at certified facilities, chemical stabilization before landfill
Do Not: Pour into drains, flush into water systems, or discard with regular trash
Regulatory Status: Listed as a hazardous substance for transport
Packing Group: Group III for lower immediate danger, but regulations remain strict
Labeling: Require clear hazard markings and eye-catching warning labels highlighting lead toxicity
Documentation: Accompany shipment with proper declarations as required by shipping and environmental authorities
Global Status: Regulated under multiple frameworks for occupational health, environmental protection, consumer safety
Workplace Restrictions: OSHA, REACH, and other legislative bodies restrict workplace exposure
Product Bans: Widely banned in products intended for children’s use, drinking water systems, paints
Penalties: Non-compliance with handling or disposal brings severe fines, remediation orders, and in some cases, criminal charges
