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Product Name: Hypochlorous Acid Sodium Salt
Chemical Name: Sodium Hypochlorite
Synonyms: Liquid Bleach, Soda Bleach
CAS Number: 7681-52-9
Recommended Use: Disinfectant, Water Treatment, Bleaching Agent
Manufacturer Details: Contact local distributor or chemical supplier for specific information
Emergency Contact: Provide as listed by the supplier on the shipping label or product information sheet
Relevant Identified Uses: Cleaning and sanitizing surfaces, controlling algae and bacteria in water systems, industrial water treatment
Classification: Corrosive to metals, Skin Irritation Category 2, Eye Damage Category 1, Aquatic Acute Hazard Category 1
GHS Label Elements: Danger, corrosive symbol, exclamation mark, environment hazard
Hazard Statements: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage, may cause respiratory irritation, very toxic to aquatic life
Precautionary Statements: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection, avoid release to the environment, keep away from acids, do not breathe vapors, wash hands thoroughly after handling
Potential Health Effects: Skin contact may cause burns, eye exposure risks severe irritation or damage, inhalation of vapors may irritate respiratory system, ingestion can be harmful or fatal depending on the amount
Signs of Overexposure: Redness, pain, blurred vision, labored breathing, sore throat, tissue swelling
Chemical Substance: Sodium Hypochlorite
Concentration: Typically 3-15% in solutions depending on intended use
Impurities: Sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide in small quantities
Hazardous Components: Solution contains hypochlorite ions, which release chlorine gases when mixed with acids
Other Ingredients: Deionized water as solvent, may contain sodium carbonate as stabilizer
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes, remove contact lenses if present and easy to do, continue rinsing until emergency help arrives, always seek medical advice after eye exposure
Skin Contact: Wash with plenty of running water, remove contaminated clothes and shoes, seek immediate medical attention for burns or irritation
Inhalation: Bring the person into fresh air, keep at rest, support breathing as necessary, call for medical attention if breathing problems persist
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, do not induce vomiting, seek emergency medical assistance as quickly as possible, never attempt to neutralize with acid or encourage vomiting without professional supervision
General Notes: Always consult a physician after major exposure, regardless of symptom severity
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, CO2, or dry chemical for fires involving surrounding materials, avoid direct water jet on chemical itself
Fire Hazards: Not combustible, decomposes at elevated temperatures releasing toxic chlorine gas and oxygen that accelerates combustion of other materials
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Full protective clothing, self-contained breathing apparatus, keep containers cool with water, evacuate area if needed
Specific Hazards Arising From Chemical: Fire can increase risk of explosion due to pressure buildup in containers, toxic fumes released under fire conditions, avoid inhalation of gases produced
Personal Precautions: Evacuate personnel to safe area, ventilate locations well, wear chemical-resistant gloves, boots, eye protection, and respiratory equipment
Environmental Precautions: Prevent chemical from entering sewers and watercourses, contain any spillage with inert materials like sand or earth
Cleanup Procedures: Absorb with inert absorbent, collect and transfer to labeled containers for safe disposal, flush area with large quantities of water after collection, avoid creating dust or aerosols
Special Precautions: Never mix spilled solution with acids or ammonia, as this produces hazardous chlorine gases, always follow proper waste disposal guideline for hazardous materials
Safe Handling: Always use in well-ventilated locations, wear proper protective equipment, avoid contact with eyes, skin, clothing, handle solutions with caution as material can react violently with acids or reducing agents
Safe Storage: Store in a cool, dark, well-ventilated area separate from incompatible substances, keep containers tightly closed, use corrosion-resistant containers, store away from direct sunlight and heat, label containers adequately with hazards
Incompatibilities: Keep away from acids, oxidizable materials, ammonia, reducing agents, organic matter, and metals like iron or copper
Exposure Limits: No established OSHA PEL or ACGIH TLV for sodium hypochlorite, chlorine gas TLV (ACGIH): 0.5 ppm (1.5 mg/m3)
Engineering Controls: Provide sufficient exhaust ventilation, use chemical fume hoods when possible, maintain eyewash stations and safety showers in work areas
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical splash goggles, face shield, neoprene or PVC gloves, long-sleeved chemical-resistant apparel, appropriate respiratory protection if exposure risk exists
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands and face thoroughly after handling, remove and wash contaminated clothing before reuse
Appearance: Pale greenish-yellow liquid
Odor: Distinct chlorine or bleach-like
Odor Threshold: Detectable at low chlorine concentrations
pH: Typically 11-13 in solution
Melting/Freezing Point: Not applicable in liquid solution
Boiling Point: About 100 °C (water-based solution)
Flash Point: Not flammable
Evaporation Rate: Similar to water
Flammability: Non-flammable
Vapor Pressure: Low, but chlorine vapor may accumulate
Solubility: Miscible in water
Density: Around 1.1 g/cm3 (10-15% solution)
Decomposition Temperature: Decomposes above 40 °C accelerating chlorine release
Chemical Stability: Sensitive to light, heat, and air exposure, especially at high pH
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal and recommended storage conditions, decomposes on exposure to heat, light, and acids
Reactivity: Rapidly reacts with acids, ammonia, reducing agents, organic materials, forms potentially deadly chlorine gas on contact with many incompatible chemicals
Hazardous Reactions: Contact with metals like iron and copper can trigger decomposition, accidental mixing with organic or combustible materials increases risk
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Chlorine gas, hypochlorous acid, oxygen
Routes of Exposure: Eye contact, skin contact, inhalation, ingestion
Acute Effects: Causes burns to eyes and skin, severe irritation or possible blindness, inhalation causes respiratory tract irritation, coughing, shortness of breath, possible pulmonary edema
Chronic Effects: Chronic skin contact can lead to dermatitis, asthma-like symptoms in cases of repetitive inhalation, risk of cumulative damage if frequently mishandled
LD50 (Oral, Rat): Approximately 8.9 g/kg for 10% sodium hypochlorite solution
Carcinogenicity: Not listed as a carcinogen by IARC, OSHA, or NTP
Other Health Information: Prolonged or repeated exposures may aggravate pre-existing conditions, always consult toxicological sources for up-to-date risk data
Toxicity to Aquatic Life: Highly toxic to aquatic organisms even in small concentrations, causes long-lasting effects by changing water chemistry
Degradability: Breaks down in the environment but creates harmful byproducts such as chlorinated organics depending on conditions
Persistence: Limited environmental persistence due to decomposition into chloride and oxygen, residual impacts from breakdown products
Bioaccumulation: No bioaccumulation expected for parent compound, but byproducts may accumulate
Mobility: Migrates in aquatic systems before degradation, can spread contamination downstream
Other Dangers: Do not discharge untreated to natural waters, effluent treatment recommended
Waste Disposal Methods: Dispose of as hazardous waste in accordance with local, regional, and national regulations, dilute unused product slowly with large amounts of water and neutralize before disposal if permitted
Packing Disposal: Triple rinse containers, offer for recycling or disposal at approved facility
Precautions: Do not pour into drains or soil, avoid uncontrolled releases, never mix with other waste materials especially acids or organics, check with regulatory guidance before disposal
UN Number: UN 1791
Proper Shipping Name: Hypochlorite Solution
Transport Hazard Class: 8 (Corrosive substances)
Packing Group: III
Labels Required: Corrosive
Special Precautions: Keep containers upright and secure during transit, avoid shipping with acids or incompatible goods, observe temperature restrictions for stability
Marine Pollutant: Yes, hazardous for the aquatic environment
OSHA: Sodium Hypochlorite included in workplace hazardous substance list, subject to communication standards
EPA: Regulated as a hazardous substance under CERCLA and Clean Water Act, restrictions on environmental discharges
SARA Title III: Subject to reporting under sections for hazardous and extremely hazardous substances
TSCA: Listed in inventory
Other Regulations: Subject to state and international regulations regarding transportation, storage, and use—always check applicable local and national rules, labeling requirements under GHS
