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Product Name: Hydrogen Chloride (Hydrochloric Acid)
Synonyms: Muriatic Acid, Spirits of Salt
Chemical Formula: HCl
CAS Number: 7647-01-0
Recommended Uses: Metal pickling, pH regulation, industrial cleaning, production of chlorides
Manufacturer: Contact details available through industrial supplier, including address and emergency contact line
Emergency Contact: CHEMTREC or local poison control resources
Classification: Corrosive to metals (Category 1), Acute Toxicity (Category 3, inhalation), Skin corrosion (Category 1A), Serious eye damage (Category 1)
Hazard Statements: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage, may cause respiratory irritation, toxic if inhaled, may cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life
Pictogram: Corrosive symbol, exclamation mark, health hazard
Signal Word: Danger
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing vapors or mist, use protective equipment as required, wash thoroughly after handling, avoid release into the environment
Chemical: Hydrogen Chloride
Concentration: Commercial solutions range from 10% to 37% HCl by weight
Impurities/Additives: Water (balance), trace iron or heavy metals in technical grades
Other Names: Aqueous hydrogen chloride
Inhalation: Remove victim to fresh air immediately, provide oxygen if breathing is difficult, ensure medical attention for persistent cough or breathing trouble
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, seek medical help right away for burns or blisters
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes, remove contact lenses if present, continue rinsing, get emergency medical help
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting, rinse mouth with water, seek immediate medical attention, never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person
Notes to Physician: Treat as corrosive exposure with risk for respiratory, ocular, or esophageal injury.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or water spray, do not use water jets directly on acid containers due to risk of splashing
Hazardous Combustion Products: Toxic gases such as hydrogen chloride released in fire conditions
Special Protective Equipment: Full turnout gear with supplied-air respirator recommended for fire involving hydrogen chloride sources
Specific Hazards: Releases hazardous fumes, reacts with certain metals to form flammable hydrogen gas, containers may burst when heated
Fire-Fighting Instructions: Approach from upwind side, keep containers cool with water spray, avoid runoff entry to sewers
Personal Precautions: Evacuate area, ventilate space, use appropriate PPE including acid-resistant gloves, face shield, respirator for vapor exposure
Methods for Cleanup: Contain spill using inert absorbent (e.g., sand), neutralize with sodium bicarbonate or lime, collect residue and dispose in designated containers
Environment Precautions: Prevent entry into drains, sewers or waterways, notify authorities if environmental exposure occurs
Emergency Procedures: Isolate hazardous area and keep unnecessary personnel away, restrict access until cleanup is complete
Handling: Use only with adequate ventilation, avoid breathing vapors, prevent contact with skin and eyes, keep containers tightly closed, employ good industrial hygiene practices
Storage: Store in cool, dry, well-ventilated place away from heat or direct sunlight, keep away from incompatible substances such as strong oxidizers, alkalis, and most metals, use corrosion-resistant containers, secondary containment advised
Other Precautions: Label all storage vessels clearly, keep emergency showers and eyewash stations accessible near storage and handling areas
Occupational Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL: 5 ppm (ceiling), ACGIH TLV: 2 ppm (ceiling)
Engineering Controls: Local exhaust ventilation, process enclosure, regular air quality monitoring
Personal Protective Equipment: Acid-resistant gloves (neoprene, nitrile), chemical splash goggles with face shield, respiratory protection (full-face respirator for high concentrations), protective clothing and boots
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands and face after use, no eating, drinking, or smoking in work area, remove contaminated clothing immediately
Appearance: Clear, colorless to faint yellow aqueous solution
Odor: Sharp, penetrating pungent odor
pH: <1 for concentrated solutions
Melting Point: -27.32°C (for 37% solution)
Boiling Point: Roughly 110°C (for 37% solution)
Vapor Pressure: ~40 mmHg at 20°C (for 37% solution)
Solubility: Completely miscible with water
Density: About 1.19 g/cm³ (for 37% solution)
Other Properties: Highly corrosive, forms dense white vapors in moist air
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended transport or storage conditions, reacts with moisture in air to form corrosive aerosols
Reactivity: Strong acid properties, reacts exothermically with bases (alkalis), metals, and many organic materials
Incompatible Materials: Metals (except lead, some plastics), oxidizers, alkalis, cyanides, sulfides, forming toxic and flammable gases
Hazardous Decomposition: Hydrogen gas produced with metals, risk of fire or explosion
Conditions to Avoid: High temperatures, confined storage without ventilation, contact with incompatible materials
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin and eye contact
Symptoms: Severe burns to skin, eyes, respiratory tract, lung damage, coughing, choking, digestive tract injury
Acute Toxicity: LC50 (inhalation, rat): 3124 ppm/1h
Chronic Effects: Long-term repeated exposure can trigger chronic bronchitis, dermatitis, dental erosion
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogen by IARC, NTP or OSHA
Toxicity: Harmful to aquatic organisms, not persistent in environment but alters pH drastically
Persistence and Degradability: Dissolves and disperses readily, changes environmental acidity
Bioaccumulation: Not expected due to simple ionic form, does not build up in food chain
Mobility in Soil: Mobile in water, contaminates groundwater if uncontrolled
Other Hazards: Acidic runoff poses risk to waterways, fish and aquatic life highly sensitive to acidification
Disposal Methods: Collect and neutralize with a suitable alkaline compound before discharge, comply with federal, state and local regulations for hazardous waste
Contaminated Packaging: Triple-rinse containers, dispose through approved hazardous waste handler
Prohibitions: Do not pour concentrated acid into drains or sewers, avoid discharge to surface water or soil
Other Considerations: Large volumes require professional chemical waste management, small residues need neutralization and dilution before disposal
UN Number: UN 1789
Proper Shipping Name: Hydrochloric acid
Transport Hazard Class: 8 (Corrosive)
Packing Group: II
Labels: Corrosive symbols, emergency contact details required for all transport containers
Special Precautions: Use only certified containers, avoid damage or exposure during transit, keep detailed shipping documents with consignment
OSHA Status: Classified as hazardous under OSHA Hazard Communication Standard
TSCA Inventory: Listed
SARA Title III – Section 302/304: Reportable quantities apply due to acute health hazard
SARA Title III – Section 313: Subject to annual toxic chemical release reporting
CERCLA Reportable Quantity: 5000 lbs
State Right-To-Know: Listed as hazardous in California, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and other states
WHMIS (Canada): Class E (Corrosive material) and D1A (Very toxic material)
