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Product Name: Hydrazine Hydrate
Chemical Formula: N2H4·H2O
CAS Number: 7803-57-8
EC Number: 206-114-9
Relevant Uses: Used as a reducing agent in water treatment, as a blowing agent in plastics, in organic synthesis, and for fuel cells and rocket propulsion.
Supplier Details: Company name, address, emergency telephone number, and contact email provided on label and commercial paperwork.
Classification (GHS): Acute toxicity (oral, inhalation, dermal), Category 2; Skin corrosion, Category 1B; Carcinogenicity, Category 2; Aquatic acute, Category 1
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Highly toxic if swallowed, in contact with skin, or inhaled. Causes severe skin burns and serious eye damage. Suspected of causing cancer. Very toxic to aquatic life.
Pictograms: Skull and crossbones, corrosion, health hazard, environment.
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing vapors, use proper PPE, prevent release to the environment, store locked away.
Substance: Pure hydrazine hydrate, possible dilution with water
Main Ingredient: Hydrazine hydrate (Typically 40–60% solution in water)
Chemical Identity: Hydrazine, Hydrazine monohydrate
Impurities: Water (up to 60%), trace contaminants may include ammonia and traces of metal ions depending on manufacturing source.
Inhalation: Remove victim from exposure to fresh air, keep at rest, seek immediate medical attention, provide oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, rinse skin immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, seek immediate medical help.
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes, remove contact lenses if easy to do so, continue rinsing, get immediate medical attention.
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting, rinse mouth, never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person, seek immediate medical attention.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.
Unsuitable Media: Do not use water jet directly on fire.
Specific Hazards: Releases highly toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides and ammonia on combustion.
Special Protective Equipment: Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and complete protective clothing.
Other Information: Cool exposed containers with water spray, prevent fire-fighting runoff from entering drains or watercourses.
Personal Precautions: Ventilate area, evacuate non-essential personnel, wear chemical-resistant gloves, suit, boots, and face protection, avoid breathing vapors.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into sewers, groundwater, or bodies of water; inform relevant authorities in case of contamination.
Methods for Containment and Cleaning: Absorb with inert material (e.g., sand, earth), collect residue with secure containers clearly labeled for hazardous waste, ventilate area, wash spill area with water after material pickup, dispose of waste with licensed supplier.
Decontamination: Area should be thoroughly washed to neutralize residues, avoid all direct contact with liquid and contaminated materials.
Handling: Work in well-ventilated areas, avoid inhalation and contact with skin or eyes, do not eat, drink, or smoke around product, use appropriate containment to avoid environmental contamination, handle under fume hood where possible.
Storage: Keep container tightly closed and in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, store away from acids, oxidizing agents, combustible materials, and direct sunlight, use corrosion-resistant storage vessels, secondary containment recommended, label containers clearly, restrict access to only trained personnel.
Hygiene Practices: Wash hands thoroughly after handling, remove contaminated clothing and clean before reuse.
Occupational Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL: 1 ppm (1.3 mg/m3), ACGIH TLV: 0.01 ppm (Skin); NIOSH REL: 0.03 ppm, short-term exposure values apply.
Engineering Controls: Provide adequate ventilation, use local exhaust or fume hood to minimize exposure, ensure emergency shower and eyewash nearby.
Personal Protection Equipment (PPE): Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile, butyl rubber), splash goggles or face shield, protective clothing (apron, boots), approved respiratory protection for airborne concentrations, full-face respirator in case of emergency response.
Environmental Controls: Procedures to prevent spilled materials from entering drains, separate hazardous areas, maintain proper waste containers.
Physical State: Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor: Ammonia-like, pungent
pH: Alkaline
Melting Point: Approximately 2 °C (35.6 °F)
Boiling Point: 120 °C (248 °F)
Density: About 1.03 g/cm3 (at 20 °C)
Solubility: Miscible with water in all proportions
Vapor Pressure: 17 mm Hg (at 20 °C)
Flash Point: 74 °C (closed cup)
Explosive Limits: Lower: 4.7%; Upper: 100% (in air)
Autoignition Temperature: 270 °C
Evaporation Rate: Not determined
Viscosity: 1.1 mPa·s (at 20 °C)
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions; decomposes when exposed to heat, light, or certain contaminants.
Reactivity: Strong reducing agent, reacts vigorously with oxidizers and acids, may form explosive mixtures with air.
Hazardous Reactions: Can cause violent polymerization reactions with some organic compounds, liberation of toxic gases possible when in contact with metals, carbon dioxide, or chlorinated solvents.
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizing agents, acids, carbon dioxide, metal powders, halogenated compounds.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Nitrogen oxides, ammonia, and potentially hydrazine gas upon decomposition or combustion.
Acute Toxicity: Extremely toxic if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through skin; inhalation may result in severe respiratory irritation, central nervous system effects, pulmonary edema.
Skin/Eye Effects: Causes burns, severe irritation, ulceration, and permanent eye damage possible.
Chronic Effects: Prolonged or repeated exposure may affect liver, kidneys, blood, and central nervous system, suspected human carcinogen.
Sensitization: May cause allergic skin reactions in susceptible individuals.
Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity: Evidence from animal studies links to cancer and genetic changes, listed as a possible carcinogen by IARC and NTP.
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin contact, ingestion, or eye contact.
LD50: Oral - rat: ~60 mg/kg, Skin - rabbit: ~91 mg/kg
Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in aquatic environments.
Persistence and Degradability: Rapidly degrades by oxidation, hydrolysis, and biological action, but raw effluent poses immediate hazard.
Bioaccumulative Potential: Low potential for bioaccumulation in aquatic species.
Mobility in Soil: High mobility due to water solubility; easily penetrates soil to reach groundwater.
Other Effects: Effluents containing hydrazine present substantial risk to municipal wastewater treatment plants and natural water bodies.
Disposal Methods: Collect in clearly labeled, tightly sealed containers, use licensed hazardous chemical disposal service, incineration under controlled conditions preferable.
Contaminated Packaging: Dispose of as hazardous waste, rinse containers with large volumes of water and collect washings for disposal.
Note: Never discharge into drains or surface waters, obtain local/regional/national permission and follow regulations strictly.
Waste Code: Consult relevant local, state, and federal regulations for chemical waste classification.
UN Number: UN 2030
Proper Shipping Name: Hydrazine hydrate, solution
Transport Hazard Class: 8 (Corrosive), 6.1 (Toxic)
Packing Group: II
Labels Required: Toxic, Corrosive
Special Precautions: Transport only in tightly closed, corrosion-resistant containers, segregated from foodstuffs and incompatible materials, emergency spill kits and PPE must be accessible during shipment.
Environmental Hazards: Dangerous to aquatic life; prevent spills or releases into environment during transit.
EU Regulations: Classified according to EC Regulation No. 1272/2008 (CLP), subject to REACH registration, workplace exposure limits set by national authorities.
US Regulations: OSHA hazardous substance, subject to SARA Title III, Section 302/304 (EHS), Section 313 (TRI), listed under CERCLA; reportable quantity applies.
International Listing: Listed in inventory for Australia (AICS), Canada (DSL/NDSL), China (IECSC), Japan (ENCS), New Zealand (NZIoC), Philippines (PICCS), Korea (ECL).
Additional Information: Compliance with chemical safety and environmental protection guidelines required for manufacture, storage, use, transport, and disposal; local, regional, and national regulations govern all aspects of hydrazine hydrate handling.
