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Chemical Name: Epinephrine Bitartrate
Synonyms: Adrenaline Bitartrate, Epinephrinum hydrotartaricum
CAS Number: 51-42-3
EC Number: 200-100-6
Molecular Formula: C9H13NO3·C4H6O6
Molecular Weight: 333.3 g/mol
Recommended Use: Pharmaceutical, laboratory reagent
Supplier: Pharmaceutical manufacturers or chemical supply companies
Contact Information: Emergency helplines often provided on packaging or by the supplier
Emergency Telephone: Provided by the supplier or medical emergency hotlines
GHS Classification: Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), Eye irritation
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Toxic if swallowed, in contact with skin, or if inhaled. Causes serious eye irritation. May cause allergic skin reaction. Harmful to aquatic life.
Pictograms: Skull and crossbones, exclamation mark
Precautionary Statements: Keep away from children and incompatible materials. Avoid inhalation or contact with skin and eyes. Use protective equipment.
Substance: Epinephrine Bitartrate
Content: ≥98% (by weight)
Impurities: Tartaric acid, trace byproducts from synthesis
Ingredient List: Epinephrine base, D-tartaric acid
Chemical Structure: Detailed chemical structure available in pharmacopeias and on chemical supplier data sheets
Inhalation: Remove the person to fresh air immediately. Monitor breathing. Seek emergency medical care.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing. Wash skin thoroughly with soap and plenty of water. Consult a doctor.
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Seek medical advice promptly.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth. Do not induce vomiting. Call a physician or poison center immediately.
Most Important Symptoms/Effects: Rapid heartbeat, headache, nervousness, high blood pressure, possible allergic reactions
Notes for Doctor: Treat symptoms supportively. Monitor cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide.
Special Hazards Arising from Substance: Releases toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides and carbon oxides when burned.
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus, full protective gear.
Precautions: Move containers from fire area if it can be done safely. Stay upwind and avoid breathing smoke or vapors.
Personal Precautions: Wear gloves, lab coat, safety glasses, and a respirator if dust is present. Avoid direct contact with spilled material.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent release into stormwater or drains. Contain spillage.
Methods for Cleanup: Scoop solid material into an appropriate container. Absorb residues on inert material such as sand. Wash area with water and detergent. Ventilate the area thoroughly.
Handling: Handle in a chemical fume hood or well-ventilated area. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. Do not inhale dust or powder. Wash hands thoroughly after use.
Storage: Store in tightly sealed containers, away from light, moisture, and incompatible substances like strong oxidizers. Recommended storage temperature is 2°C to 8°C. Keep contents dry and secure from unauthorized access.
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation. Mechanical ventilation recommended where dust may form.
Personal Protective Equipment: Safety goggles, gloves, lab coat, dust mask or respirator. Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in work area.
Exposure Limits: No established occupational exposure limits. Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene practices.
Environmental Controls: Prevent material from entering the environment or waterways.
Appearance: White to slightly gray crystalline powder
Odor: Odorless
Melting Point: 168°C to 170°C (decomposes)
Solubility: Freely soluble in water, sparingly soluble in ethanol
pH (1% solution): 3.0–4.5
Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes)
Flash Point: Not flammable under standard conditions
Partition Coefficient (log Pow): Not available
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at room temperature
Density: Data not available (solid powder, bulk density varies)
Stability: Stable when stored as directed. Sensitive to air, moisture, and light.
Conditions to Avoid: Elevated temperature, humidity, exposure to light.
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizers, bases, metals such as iron or copper
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, ammonia, unidentified toxic compounds can form during decomposition.
Polymerization: Will not occur.
Acute Toxicity: Toxic in small amounts if ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through skin. Oral LD50 (rat): 3 mg/kg (estimation).
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: May cause irritation.
Serious Eye Damage/Irritation: Causes serious eye irritation.
Respiratory/Skin Sensitization: May trigger allergic reaction in sensitized individuals.
Chronic Effects: Prolonged exposure can impact heart rhythm, lead to hypertension, or cause nervous symptoms.
Mutagenicity/Carcinogenicity: Not listed as carcinogenic by IARC, NTP, or OSHA. Data on mutagenicity is insufficient.
Reproductive Toxicity: Not enough data for risk assessment, caution required for pregnant individuals.
Target Organs: Heart, central nervous system, eyes, skin.
Ecotoxicity: Harmful to aquatic organisms in high concentrations.
Persistence and Degradability: Biodegradable over time, but degradation can be slow in cold/wet environments.
Bioaccumulative Potential: Does not bioaccumulate significantly in aquatic organisms.
Mobility in Soil: High water solubility, can move through soil into groundwater.
Other Adverse Effects: Avoid release to the environment. Dispose of contents in accordance with local guidelines.
Waste Methods: Collect and place into labeled hazardous waste containers. Dispose of waste in accordance with federal, state, and local environmental regulations.
Contaminated Packaging: Dispose of as unused product. Prevent reuse of contaminated packaging. Ensure all waste handlers wear protective gear.
UN Number: Not classified as a hazardous material by transport regulations under most conditions
Transport Hazard Class: Not regulated for ground, sea, or air freight (verify latest status before shipment)
Packing Group: Not assigned
Special Precautions: Protect product from moisture and sunlight during transit. Secure containers against leakage or breakage.
Inventory Listings: Listed in TSCA (US), EINECS (EU), Canada DSL, and other chemical inventories as an active pharmaceutical ingredient.
OSHA Hazard Communication Standard: Meets definition of hazardous chemical.
WHMIS Classification (Canada): Class D2A - Very toxic material causing other toxic effects
Other Regulation: Subject to specific reporting requirements under pharmaceutical and environmental safety legislation.
Labeling Requirements: Clearly label all containers with product name, hazard warnings, and emergency contact details. Review local workplace and transportation regulations for updated compliance needs.
