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People who spend time in chemistry labs often hear about ion exchange resins, and Dowex 50WX8 shows up on supply lists almost everywhere. These synthetic polymers carry more history than most folks realize. The roots go back to the early years of industrial water treatment, when companies wanted cleaner water for steam generation and process chemistry. At that point, scientists drew inspiration from natural zeolites, those ancient minerals that could swap ions from liquids without much fuss. The real turning point arrived after World War II, when Dow Chemical, building on wartime research, managed to produce high-capacity polystyrene sulfonate beads, which came onto the market as Dowex. The evolution to the 50WX8 grade marked a focus on better crosslinking, which improved both the stability and selectivity of the resin. Early researchers saw this as a tool to control which ions moved where, rather than just a generic sponge. Over time, Dowex 50WX8 earned trust in labs, power plants, and even pharmaceuticals for its predictability and performance.
Dowex 50WX8 serves as a strong acid cation exchanger, built from a polystyrene matrix crosslinked with divinylbenzene. The resin’s structure bristles with sulfonic acid groups, each one acting as a docking point for positive ions like sodium, calcium, and hydrogen. The “8” in the name points to its degree of crosslinking, which stands at 8 percent divinylbenzene. That might sound technical, but it shapes how tightly the resin holds together, how much water it swells with, and—most importantly for users—how fast and thoroughly it can swap ions in whatever job it needs to do. Over many years in the lab, these beads turn up in tasks that call for both strength and consistency, from water softening to high-performance liquid chromatography purification runs.
Dowex 50WX8 resin takes on the form of tiny, amber-colored spherical beads. Toughness stays one of the defining features. Drop the dried resin on tile and beads bounce instead of shattering, a trait that comes from the engineered crosslinking and careful sulfonation. Hydration swells the beads, but even fully loaded with water, they hold together under pressure. These beads sink in water, with a density above that of the liquid, but they still offer plenty of surface area for rapid ion exchange. Chemically, the story centers on how firmly each sulfonic acid group can attract and release metal cations. Acidic conditions do not faze the resin; boiling temperatures and concentrated acids rarely break down the matrix unless sulfuric acid concentrations get excessively high. Alkalis and oxidizers do pose more risk over very long exposure, meaning even robust industrial users must watch for gradual capacity drop. Charges move through the matrix by diffusion—not the fastest route in the world—so particle size and porosity play big roles in how quickly columns can treat a sample.
Longtime users recognize Dowex 50WX8 by its packaging codes and by the familiar label declaring its crosslinking grade and ionic form, commonly the hydrogen or sodium stage. Each shipment gets batch testing for moisture content and bead size distribution, since these factors decide whether columns flow right or pack properly. Although older documentation sometimes refers to “mesh size,” in modern work, operators focus more on the actual bead diameter, which usually runs between 0.3 and 1.2 mm. Attention to uniformity here helps both process scale-up and analytical repeatability in laboratory work.
Making Dowex 50WX8 starts with a polymerization reaction between styrene and divinylbenzene. The crosslinker—divinylbenzene—builds bridges between the growing polymer chains, resulting in a bead that can handle heat and mechanical stress. The beads then undergo sulfonation with sulfuric acid or similar reagents, a transformation that installs the sulfonic acid groups throughout the resin. Washed and neutralized, the resin ends up with active sites ready for ion exchange. Each production batch brings small variations that can matter in sensitive applications. In cleanup and analytical fields, the resin often requires pre-treatment before use—either conversion to the required ionic form or removal of fines that might clog columns. This stepwise care keeps equipment running and experimental results reliable.
In chemical terms, Dowex 50WX8 performs classic cation exchange reactions. As a strong acid resin, it swaps cations like sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and even transition metals, using its fixed sulfonate groups as the anchor for H+ or other charge carriers. In laboratories, you’ll see reactions: passing a solution of metal salts down a Dowex 50WX8 column, the resin grabs the metal cations while releasing H+ ions into the solution. The resin can be “regenerated” repeatedly by backwashing with strong acid, which clears out trapped metals and restores the H+ form for the next use. Chemical modifications crop up in research, especially as scientists try to fine-tune selectivity or increase throughput. Some groups attach chelating ligands or tinker with crosslinking beyond the standard eight percent, usually to focus on specific ion capture in environmental cleanup or analytical separation work. This flexibility gives Dowex 50WX8 an edge over natural or simpler synthetic resins.
Dowex 50WX8 pops up in papers or old manuals under a variety of labels. Among chemists, “Dowex 50” or “Dowex 50W-X8” stand as common shorthand, while other makers might use terms like “polystyrene sulfonate resin” or simply “strong acid cation exchanger.” Despite competitors’ pushes, the Dowex name continues to serve as a kind of chemistry shorthand in much the same way that “Kleenex” means facial tissue, reflecting how innovation builds trust over time. With so many projects listing it as their go-to resin, the chemistry culture around Dowex 50WX8 sticks, and this helps future students and techs understand which reference material will give reliable background.
Using Dowex 50WX8 in the lab or the plant means following some sensible steps. The resin itself doesn’t pose much hazard—swallowing a handful of beads or getting them in your eye is more about irritation than toxicity—but the chemicals used alongside, like strong acids and bases, carry real risks. Laboratory safety data sheets for the resin stress gloves and eye protection, not because the resin burns, but because it often comes paired with reagents that do. During use, controlling dust matters, since inhaling fines irritates airways in sensitive folks. Some columns run at pressures high enough to risk leaks or mechanical blowouts if packed wrong, so regular inspection for compromised housings earns its place on the daily checklist. Disposal regulations treat used resin based on what it’s picked up from samples—which can include heavy metals or residual solvents—so trained operators take time to segregate waste and consult hazardous material guidelines. With good habits, these operational standards become second nature, making Dowex 50WX8 a part of safe, routine practice.
Dowex 50WX8 keeps finding new uses year after year. Most people first encounter it in water treatment—softening hard water by stripping away calcium and magnesium. City water plants use it on an industrial scale, while aquarium hobbyists rely on the same resin to keep fish healthy. Electroplating shops count on these beads to clean up waste and control metal content. In pharmaceuticals, Dowex 50WX8 takes a starring role in purifying antibiotics and separating amino acids during quality control testing. Biochemistry labs rely on cation exchange to separate proteins by charge, with Dowex 50WX8 as the medium of choice. Its role in nuclear applications—especially fuel reprocessing and waste clean-up—draws less attention but demands consistency across decades. As analytical chemistry moves into trace analysis, the resin supports solid-phase extraction protocols, isolating everything from heavy metals to trace pharmaceuticals in drinking water. These widespread applications underscore the impact one material can have across industries.
Behind every bottle or drum of Dowex 50WX8 stands a legacy of research that never really stops. Universities and industrial labs chase new crosslinking techniques, alternative sulfonation routes, and smarter surface modifications. Recent projects probe whether “greener” starting materials, such as bio-based styrene analogs, can preserve performance without the environmental downside. Surface modification work aims to improve selectivity or speed, with groups exploring coatings or additional ligand incorporation. Over the years, academic curiosity and industry feedback loop together, as user complaints about bead fouling or decreased flow inspire fine-tuning at the production scale. Inviting students and new scientists to push boundaries here brings fresh energy to a resin that might otherwise risk complacency. Given the ongoing focus on clean water, chemical separations, and green chemistry, this field still welcomes innovation—and demands from researchers keep the bar high.
Toxicity concerns with Dowex 50WX8 focus not on the resin itself, but on contaminants it may absorb. The polystyrene-divinylbenzene backbone and sulfonic acid groups don’t readily break down or convert in biological systems, so toxicologists classify the raw resin as largely inert. Real concerns arise with what the resin picks up—heavy metals, radionuclides, or organic toxins—during water treatment or chemical processes. Studies examining degradation products after incineration or landfilling highlight some risks tied to incomplete combustion of synthetic polymers. Environmental studies track whether spent resins contribute to microplastic pollution, especially when bead degradation releases bits into waterways. These worries stress the importance of treating exhausted resin as potentially hazardous waste, and prompt new research into recycling or alternative end-of-life treatments. Ongoing work on safer resin backbones and improved microplastic capture will help future users better manage ecological risks.
Looking ahead, Dowex 50WX8’s future rides on its ability to adapt. Water shortages, tighter regulations on discharge, and demand for trace contaminant removal drive researchers to wring more selectivity, higher capacity, and faster regeneration from these resins. Materials scientists look for tweaks in bead design—smaller particles, improved porosity, or even hybrid matrices—to heighten exchange rates and reduce waste generation. Smart resins, equipped with built-in sensors or responsive ligands, linger on the research horizon. As green chemistry and sustainability increasingly shape industrial choices, bio-based resins that maintain or exceed today’s performance targets could represent the next leap. Ongoing interest in rare earth element recovery, critical metal recycling, and biomedical purification means that as long as needs exist to move and purify ions, Dowex 50WX8 and its kin will keep evolving. Whether in a hundred-liter column at a water plant or in the palm of a technician’s hand, this humble brown bead continues to prove that practical chemistry changes lives.
Chemistry textbooks often throw out big words and complex diagrams when talking about ion exchange resins. Dowex 50WX8 makes its mark in the chemical world through a solid, reliable structure that works hard in laboratories, water purification setups, and even food processing plants. If someone pulls a jar marked "Dowex 50WX8" from a shelf, they’re dealing with a strong acid cation exchange resin built from polystyrene and divinylbenzene. This crosslinked matrix forms tough, long-lasting beads that can handle acidic or high-heat environments. Inside every bead, sulfonic acid groups line the surface of the polymer, ready to trade their hydrogen ions for calcium, magnesium, and a crowd of other cations in solution.
At its core, Dowex 50WX8 is a polystyrene backbone cross-linked with divinylbenzene. The backbone provides the rigidity while divinylbenzene, making up about 8 percent of the total structure (hence the "X8"), creates those crucial bridges between polymer chains. The higher the crosslinking percentage, the less the resin swells in water and the greater its mechanical strength.
This framework doesn’t do the heavy lifting on its own. Engineers sulfonate the resin, attaching sulfonic acid groups (-SO3H) onto the aromatic rings of the polystyrene. These groups supply the real action—their strongly acidic hydrogens exchange with metal ions in a predictable, repeatable way.
Thinking about daily applications, consider softening water at home. The resin pulls calcium and magnesium out of hard water by swapping out its own protons. These protons head into the water instead. After a while, the resin gets "used up" (saturated with calcium and magnesium), and a backwash with a strong acid regenerates the spent resin, putting protons back in place and sending the calcium and magnesium down the drain.
Many processes rely on the purity provided by Dowex 50WX8. Without dependable resins, food and pharmaceutical products risk unwanted metal contamination. In biotechnology, removing traces of metals is not a luxury—it’s a necessity for both safety and research outcomes. The bead’s size, about 0.3 to 1.2 millimeters, balances hydraulic flow and ion-exchange speed, so pilot plants and industrial plants can use it without major engineering adjustments.
Researchers looking into long-term use notice that the high crosslinking in 50WX8 resists chemical breakdown better than resins with lower crosslinking. Strong acids and heat don’t break the backbone quickly—Dowex 50WX8 keeps ticking along through repeated regeneration cycles, lowering replacement costs for busy operations.
Worn-out resin and spent regeneration chemicals create waste streams rich in metals and acids. Facilities face pressure to handle this waste responsibly. Closed-loop systems that recover metals and recycle acids reduce disposal costs, protecting waterways and meeting strict local regulations. Newer processes aim to extend resin lifespans and regenerate more efficiently using less acid, pointing to a future where chemical stewardship grows ever tighter.
Anyone dealing with ion exchange gets to know their resin over time—their quirks, their limits. Dowex 50WX8’s chemical backbone, its tough crosslinking, and the simple power of sulfonic acid chemistry keep it in demand. It may look like tan beads in a bottle, but there’s plenty of important science packed into every gram.
Dowex 50WX8 resin shows up in some places where chemistry makes a real difference. Folks working in labs or industrial plants lean on this material thanks to how it manages ions and keeps things moving where water quality or chemical purity matters. I’ve had a hand in both research and hands-on troubleshooting, and few things replace the consistency of a strong acid cation exchange resin like this one.
Families and businesses with hard water run into scale buildup that clogs pipes and ruins machines. Dowex 50WX8 comes into play in water softeners. It grabs calcium and magnesium and swaps them for sodium. Everybody notices the difference: plumbing lasts longer, soap lathers, and boilers or chillers run cleaner. In settings calling for really pure water, this resin helps strip out nearly every mineral left in the stream through deionization. Hospitals, electronics factories, and pharmaceutical plants count on that kind of purity daily.
Dowex 50WX8 resin goes well beyond water treatment. It has a strong place in the separation and purification of amino acids. Whenever companies produce amino acids for food, feed, or medicine, separating out what you need from all the leftovers gets tricky. This resin’s sulfonic acid groups latch onto the positively charged amino groups, letting workers capture or release different amino acids by tweaking acidity. This selective grab-and-release moves these products from lab curiosity to shelf-ready.
In college labs and chemical plants, Dowex 50WX8 pulls double duty. While many think of catalysts as shiny metals, this resin acts as an acid catalyst for several organic transformations. If you want to push an esterification, hydrolysis, or alkylation reaction, you can toss in Dowex 50WX8 and skip the messy, hazardous mineral acids. That makes for cleaner processes, easier waste handling, and safer workplaces. I remember teaching students to use it instead of sulfuric acid because spills with the resin are easy to sweep up — one less accident to clean.
Folks testing the environment or running mining operations care a lot about metals in their samples. Dowex 50WX8 steps in for separating or concentrating metals like lead, copper, and iron from large volumes of solution. Working in environmental labs, I saw this resin used again and again to pull out trace metals before running analyses. The strong acid character means it holds onto metal cations tightly, so analysts end up with results they can trust. On the industrial side, recovering valuable metals from process streams saves both costs and headaches.
Resins like Dowex 50WX8 earn a spot in major guidelines from the American Chemical Society and the International Water Association. Researchers have published thousands of papers on their selectivity and toughness over many cycles. Penn State and MIT have both shared how swapping out older resins for Dowex 50WX8 in high-purity systems cut down operating expenses and unplanned downtime. If supply chain hiccups or water scarcity put pressure on operations, resins with this track record help folks stretch resources and keep quality up.
People care about safety, efficiency, and trust in their water and chemicals. Dowex 50WX8 isn’t flashy, but those orange beads make a difference everywhere from home water filters to world-class manufacturing plants. Using a material like this comes down to proven benefits — cleaner water, better yields, and real savings — which matter more than hype. As new challenges pop up, solid tools like this resin will keep finding fresh ways to make progress possible.
Dowex 50WX8 is a strong acid cation exchange resin. Its exchange capacity typically reaches around 1.7 to 2.0 milliequivalents per milliliter (meq/mL) in its hydrogen form. That means, for every liter of this resin, you can swap out close to 2,000 milliequivalents of ions. This capacity tells us just how many positively charged ions (like calcium or magnesium) the resin can lock in. For a chemist working in a lab or a plant technician tweaking water quality, that number translates directly to better performance—or poor results if it’s ignored.
From personal lab experience, nothing slows progress like a batch of resin running out sooner than expected. Too little capacity, and the resin gets exhausted in a blink, needing more regeneration or direct replacement. That’s downtime nobody values. A capacity in the 1.7–2.0 meq/mL range gives enough headroom to process complex samples or hard tap water without constant babysitting or surprises.
School water systems and small biomanufacturers often run into trouble by choosing a resin without checking its real-world exchange rating. Once the resin’s full, those “extra” ions either sneak through untreated, or the column crashes. That’s not the kind of mistake budgets can handle twice. The resin’s exchange limit draws the boundary for how many cycles and how much work you get before maintenance rolls around. For folks managing ion chromatography or making injectable drugs, knowing this capacity lets them avoid failed runs and product losses.
Dowex 50WX8’s backbone comes from cross-linked polystyrene, sulfonated to create sites for cation exchange. It’s classified as an 8% cross-link resin. The higher the percentage, the more rugged the structure becomes—but less water sneaks in. Here, that 8% means a blend of decent mechanical strength and a high number of active spots for ions to bind. Manufacturers reached this exchange level by fine-tuning bead size, water content, and sulfonation technique.
Not every project pushes a resin to its exchange limit, but those running steep concentrations or high-throughput purification see the difference each extra bit of capacity brings. Fewer regeneration cycles add up to savings and cleaner results. In pharmaceutical filtration or the food industry, even a slight drop in ion retention can spell trouble downstream.
I’ve seen overworked equipment run resins until performance collapses. Monitoring the total exchange loaded over time and running regular resin testing—such as measuring residual sodium after standard use—keeps systems honest and production smooth. Selecting a resin with confirmed, published capacities, and not just marketing promises, heads off much of the headaches.
Water treatment operators sometimes mix Dowex 50WX8 with specialty resins to target particular ions that slip through. That flexibility comes from really knowing the number stamped on each bag. If you swap in a resin with lower capacity, expect to replace it more often or put up with weaker purification. When projects scale up, teams should run pilot tests—tracking before-and-after ion concentrations and calculating throughput against actual resin capacity, not the pretty brochure estimate.
Dowex 50WX8’s capacity isn’t just a technical detail. In the right hands, it keeps operations on track, cuts costs, and delivers the results science and industry demand.
Dowex 50WX8 resin finds itself in all sorts of labs and industrial applications, especially where water softening and deionization are core jobs. This resin does the grunt work, grabbing onto calcium, magnesium, and plenty of other metals with surprising efficiency. Without a routine plan for taking care of this powerhouse, it starts losing its bite. In practice, operators run into issues with poor flow, resin fouling, and lower exchange capacity when they ignore regular maintenance. As someone who’s worked with water softeners in slow-moving industrial lines, I’ve learned the hard way that putting off a simple regeneration schedule only leads to bigger headaches down the road.
Regenerating Dowex 50WX8 usually calls for a solid plan. Folks count on strong acids—mainly sulfuric or hydrochloric. Sulfuric acid works for most setups, especially if there’s a tight budget. Hydrochloric acid has its place, but corrosion and safety concerns often keep it on the sideline unless the process needs the strongest charge. For most shops and treatment plants, a 4-10% solution of sulfuric acid gets the resin back in gear. Hydrating the resin with water before regeneration keeps it from shrinking or getting cracked, which keeps costs down and replacements rare.
One basic truth: always flush the resin slowly and evenly. Pumping acid too quickly creates heat, which damages beads and leaves you with unevenly regenerated resin. That results in patchy water quality and more repairs. After the acid run, a truly thorough rinse is non-negotiable. Folks who skip this step end up with acid traces, which means metal parts corrode and water quality gets unpredictable. Based on my own lab runs, skimping on water rinse always ends up with customer complaints.
After enough dirty duty cycles, Dowex resin attracts organic junk and iron, which dulls performance fast. Periodic cleaning works. Sodium hypochlorite solution, used at a 1-2% strength, cleans out organic films. Lab experience tells me to avoid strong oxidizers for more than 30 minutes, or the resin weakens. Iron and manganese, common in well water, call for regular dips in dilute hydrochloric acid baths to restore that bright amber color. Protection from oily contaminants and regular backwashing with clean water keeps beads in working order.
Simple habits make long life for this resin possible. Keep it moist (never let Dowex dry out), because beads shrivel and break if they lose water. If left idle in equipment, leaving the resin in a weak acid or brine solution helps. Open containers let the resin absorb CO2 and form carbonates, causing blockages that nobody wants. Tightly sealed barrels or tanks, out of direct sunlight and away from high heat, prevent breakdown from UV and thermal stress.
Solid training and checklists cut down mistakes. I’ve watched new staff splash acid unevenly or mishandle resin containers, wasting time and money. The best-run shops have standard operating procedures backed up by real training and audits. Regular resin testing, by checking for exchange capacity or visual beads’ appearance, spots trouble before big failures happen. If you’re running a water treatment plant, investing in basic lab tools and staff training pays for itself over time.
Resin regeneration handles nasty chemicals, so setting up eye washes, gloves, and ventilation isn’t optional. Acid solutions and rinse water need neutralization before disposal to keep landfill and waterways safe. Following national and local discharge rules saves trouble and fines. Simple spill prevention (trays, secondary containment) keeps acid away from floors and drains, protecting staff and equipment alike.
Real respect for Dowex 50WX8 comes from regular upkeep. Choosing to stay ahead with maintenance and smart regeneration means years of steady performance, clean water, and far fewer emergencies.
Dowex 50WX8 resin helps pull specific ions from solutions, which makes it valuable in water treatment, laboratory prep, and chemical production. It uses sulfonic acid groups bonded to a crosslinked polystyrene matrix. The “8” stands for its degree of cross-linking—enough to give it stability through cycles of swelling and shrinking. Still, like all resins, it does its job best under certain conditions.
If the resin sits in water much hotter than 120°C for long stretches, the beads start breaking down and lose performance. I once saw a batch run near 140°C after a process-control failure. Over days, the strong acid groups began leaching out, ruining both selectivity and bead integrity. Manufacturers usually recommend holding to 100°C for continuous operations, which avoids this kind of trouble. Short spikes up to 120°C won’t do much harm, but routine operation works best below 100°C.
Dowex 50WX8 stays most stable in a pH window between 0 and 14, but running it at pH extremes for extended periods causes issues. At the high-alkaline end, say, above pH 12, the functional sulfonic groups get worn down and the beads lose capacity. Acidic operation (down to pH 0) handles better, as these resins are designed for strong acid environments. Still, swings from one extreme to another in rapid cycles stress the material. Keeping to mild conditions—between pH 2 and 12—prolongs resin lifespan.
From personal experience in water softening, I’ve watched how fouling creeps in. Organics and iron oxide can coat beads, blocking the ion exchange sites. Good filtration and regular backwashing keep solids out, but regeneration technique matters too. Shorter rinse cycles leave residue behind, while heavy acid doses needed to clean fouled resin eat away at bead strength. Resin beds work longest with frequent gentle regeneration and occasional deep cleans, using sodium chloride or dilute sulfuric acid as regenerants.
Push water through too fast and the resin doesn’t have time to grab the ions—efficiency tanks, and beads start chipping from hydraulic shock. For practical use, manufacturers suggest keeping linear flow between 1 and 10 meters per hour, with contact time near 30 minutes per cycle. Fast flow may boost output for short runs, but for sustained performance, slow and steady gets more out of the resin and reduces replacement frequency.
Mixing in oxidizers like chlorine or permanganate weakens Dowex 50WX8. In some industrial settings, accidental exposure causes the resin to crack or darken, and over a few regeneration cycles, capacity drops by half. Sticking to softening, deionization, or other recommended applications prevents mishaps. Careful sourcing of feedwater, keeping out strong oxidizers and suspended solids, preserves resin lifespan—something lab budgets really appreciate by the end of the year.
Dowex 50WX8 resin operates best with controlled temperature, moderate pH, and clean water. Good practice keeps the resin working for years, cutting both costs and downtime. Regular monitoring and following recommended limits isn’t just busywork—it keeps everything running smoothly, whether in a municipal plant, a pharma lab, or a factory blending chemicals for production.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) sulfonic acid |
| Other names |
Dowex 50WX8 Dowex 50W-X8 Dowex 50 Amberlite IR 120 Duolite C-20 Dowex 50 WX8 Cation Exchange Resin |
| Pronunciation | /ˈdaʊ.ɛks ˈfɪfti ˈdʌb.əl.juː ˈeɪt ˈkæ.taɪ.ɒn ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ ˈriː.zɪn/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 69011-20-7 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | `3DModel:JSmol("Dowex_50WX8_Cation_Exchange_Resin")` |
| Beilstein Reference | 1461053 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:53495 |
| ChemSpider | 184224 |
| DrugBank | DB14121 |
| ECHA InfoCard | ECHA InfoCard: 100.110.297 |
| EC Number | 232-036-1 |
| Gmelin Reference | Gmelin Reference: 13740 |
| KEGG | C19681 |
| MeSH | D020162 |
| PubChem CID | 24868452 |
| RTECS number | WI2000000 |
| UNII | N3Q62795GC |
| UN number | UN3077 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID2020449 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C8H7SO3- |
| Molar mass | Unknown |
| Appearance | Amber, opaque, spherical beads |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | Density: 1.28 g/mL |
| Solubility in water | Insoluble in water |
| log P | -3.0 |
| Vapor pressure | Negligible |
| Acidity (pKa) | < 1.0 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 6.3 |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.62 |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | V04CX00 |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | May cause eye and skin irritation. Dust may cause respiratory irritation. |
| GHS labelling | GHS07, GHS08 |
| Pictograms | GHS05,GHS07 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | No hazard statement. |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 1-0-0-NA |
| LD50 (median dose) | > 10 g/kg |
| PEL (Permissible) | 0.1 mg/m³ |
| REL (Recommended) | 0.5-1.0 meq/mL |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | No IDLH established. |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Dowex 50 Dowex 50WX2 Dowex 50WX4 Dowex 50WX12 Amberlite IR-120 Bio-Rex 70 |
