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Product Name: Dichloromethane, Anhydrous, Purity ≥99.8%
Synonyms: Methylene chloride, DCM
CAS Number: 75-09-2
Molecular Formula: CH₂Cl₂
Manufacturer: Chemical suppliers and distributors provide this solvent for industrial, professional, and laboratory applications. Search for globally recognized sources e.g., Sigma-Aldrich, Fisher Scientific for responsible acquisition.
Recommended Use: Solvent in the pharmaceutical, paint stripping, adhesives, metal cleaning, and chemical processing industries.
Emergency Contact: Refer to the country’s poison information center, local emergency services, and manufacturer's emergency hotline for immediate support in case of exposure or accidental spill.
Classification: Acute toxicity (oral, inhalation, dermal); Skin and eye irritant; Carcinogenicity (IARC Group 2A—probably carcinogenic to humans).
GHS Label Elements: Danger. Skull and crossbones, exclamation mark, health hazard pictograms.
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Harmful if swallowed or inhaled. Causes skin irritation and serious eye irritation. Suspected of causing cancer. May cause drowsiness, dizziness, or central nervous system depression.
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing vapors, use only in well-ventilated areas. Wear protective gloves, eye/face protection, and protective clothing. Wash hands thoroughly after handling. Obtain special instructions before use.
Chemical Name: Dichloromethane
Concentration: ≥99.8%
Impurities: Trace quantities of water (<0.2%) and stabilizers (e.g., amylene, to prevent decomposition).
CAS No: 75-09-2
EC No: 200-838-9
Molecular Weight: 84.93 g/mol
Formula: CH₂Cl₂
Inhalation: Immediately move the person to fresh air. Loosen tight clothing. If breathing has stopped, start artificial respiration. Seek emergency medical attention right away.
Skin Contact: Rapidly remove contaminated clothing, shoes. Wash affected area with soap and water for at least fifteen minutes. If irritation develops, consult a physician.
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes under running water for several minutes, lifting eyelids occasionally, until irritation subsides. Remove contact lenses if easy to do. Get medical help quickly.
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth thoroughly with water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Immediate medical attention is crucial. Be aware that CNS depression and life-threatening effects may follow if not treated rapidly.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Carbon dioxide, dry chemical powder, alcohol-resistant foam. Do not use direct water streams.
Specific Hazards: Vapors are heavier than air, can travel long distances and ignite from distant sources. Thermal decomposition generates toxic gases, including hydrogen chloride, phosgene, and carbon monoxide.
Firefighters’ Protection: Wear full protective gear and self-contained breathing apparatus. Cool containers with water from a safe distance to prevent rupture. Remain aware of potential for chemical accumulation in low areas.
Personal Precautions: Evacuate area and ventilate proposed spill area thoroughly. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Use personal protective equipment (PPE)—gloves, goggles, respiratory protection.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent contamination of soil, watercourses, and drains. Notify authorities if a substantial environmental release occurs.
Clean-up Procedures: Contain with inert absorbent materials (sand, earth, vermiculite). Scoop into sealed, labeled containers for chemical waste disposal. Avoid generating vapors. Dispose of rinsed surfaces as contaminated chemical residue; ventilate area well before reuse.
Handling: Manage materials in well-ventilated locations. Minimize exposure by working with local exhaust ventilation or in chemical hoods. Always use appropriate chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and lab coats. Do not eat, drink, or smoke around workspaces. Wash hands after use and before eating.
Storage Conditions: Store in cool, dry, and well-ventilated areas, away from direct sunlight, heat sources, ignition points, and incompatibles (oxidizers, strong bases, amines). Keep containers tightly closed in original packaging. Segregate from other chemicals that might react violently. Use grounded, explosion-proof equipment for storage and transfer, since vapors may accumulate and present a hazardous atmosphere.
Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL: 25 ppm (8-hour TWA); NIOSH REL: 75 ppm (TWA); ACGIH TLV: 50 ppm (TWA).
Engineering Controls: Install and maintain local exhaust ventilation or chemical fume hoods. General ventilation may not reduce vapor to safe levels if large volumes are used.
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile or butyl rubber), tight-fitting chemical splash goggles, and suitable protective clothing. Use full-face respirators with organic vapor cartridges or supplied-air protection for significant vapor exposure.
Hygiene Measures: Avoid skin and eye contact; do not inhale vapors. Remove contaminated clothing and launder before reuse. Provide dedicated washing facilities in work areas where exposure could occur.
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Mildly sweet, chloroform-like aroma
pH: Not applicable
Melting Point: -97°C (-142°F)
Boiling Point: 39.8°C (103.6°F)
Flash Point: None detected up to boiling point (non-flammable, but vapors may present hazards)
Evaporation Rate: Rapid compared to butyl acetate
Flammability: Not classified as flammable, but forms combustible vapor-air mixtures above 14% (upper explosive limit 23%)
Vapor Pressure: 350 mm Hg at 20°C
Vapor Density (air=1): 2.9
Density: 1.325 g/cm³ at 20°C
Solubility: Moderately soluble in water (20 g/L at 20°C); miscible with most organic solvents
Partition Coefficient (log Kow): 1.25
Auto-ignition Temperature: 556°C
Decomposition Temperature: Tends to decompose at elevated temperatures, releasing toxic gases
Chemical Stability: Stable under standard conditions if stored in tightly sealed containers in cool, dry areas. Can decompose in heat or sunlight, generating corrosive and toxic gases.
Incompatibilities: Strong alkalis, strong oxidizers (e.g., nitric acid), amines, aluminum, and reactive metals. Reaction with sodium, potassium, or magnesium releases heat and potentially hazardous byproducts.
Hazardous Polymerization: No known polymerization hazard under normal handling.
Decomposition Products: Hydrogen chloride, phosgene, carbon monoxide, and other chlorinated compounds.
Acute Toxicity: LC50 (inhalation, rat): 49,000 mg/m³ (4 hr); LD50 (oral, rat): 1600 mg/kg. Short-term overexposure can depress the central nervous system, causing dizziness, headache, nausea, and unconsciousness. High vapor concentrations can cause serious or fatal cardiorespiratory depression.
Skin/Eye Corrosion/Irritation: Irritates skin and eyes. Effects include redness, pain, conjunctival swelling, eczema-like symptoms after repeated exposure.
Chronic Toxicity and Carcinogenicity: IARC designates dichloromethane as probably carcinogenic (Group 2A). Epidemiological evidence links long-term occupational exposure to increased risk of liver and lung cancers.
Other Effects: May cause cardiac sensitization to catecholamines, arrhythmias, and liver or kidney damage after prolonged or repeated exposure. Metabolized in the body to carbon monoxide, potentially exacerbating heart disease risk.
Toxicity to Aquatic Life: Acute aquatic toxicity to fish (LC50, 96 hr, Pimephales promelas): 193 mg/L; aquatic invertebrates show similar sensitivity. Does not significantly bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms.
Persistence and Degradability: Volatile substance that dissipates quickly through evaporation. Biodegrades slowly in aqueous environments, but breakdown faster under aerobic conditions.
Mobility: Highly mobile in soils due to low adsorption. Can leach to groundwater and migrate through soil profiles.
Bioaccumulation Potential: Low, with rapid metabolism in most organisms. Dimmed risk of food chain magnification.
Other Harmful Effects: Contributes to ground-level ozone formation. Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) negligible in contrast to longer-lived chlorinated hydrocarbons, but not zero.
Disposal Methods: Collect in sealable, labeled chemical waste containers for organic halogenated solvents. Professional chemical waste handling companies or regulated hazardous waste incinerators dispose of dichloromethane safely. DO NOT dump in sewers, rivers, or open ground.
Contaminated Packaging: Rinse thoroughly with water and a solvent compatible with dichloromethane. Dispose of rinsates and empty containers under hazardous waste protocols. Chemical residues in packages present equal risks as bulk material.
Special Precautions: National, state, and local hazardous waste regulations apply—obtain necessary permits, and coordinate disposal with licensed facilities.
UN Number: 1593
Proper Shipping Name: Dichloromethane
Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic Substance)
Packing Group: III (Moderate hazard)
Labels: Toxic, Keep Away from Food
Transport Precautions: Store and transport in upright, sealed containers. Secure containers during transit to prevent leaks or spills. Use vehicle ventilation whenever feasible. Separate from incompatible substances in transit.
International Regulations: IMDG (marine): regulated; IATA (air): regulated
Classification: Controlled as a toxic chemical by national agencies (OSHA, EPA, EU ECHA/REACH, etc.)
Inventory Listings: Listed in TSCA (U.S.), EINECS (EU), Canadian DSL, AICS (Australia), and many local chemical inventories.
OSHA Status: Hazardous Chemical as defined by the Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200).
SARA Title III: Section 313 toxic chemical; included in CERCLA hazardous substances (RQ: 1000 lbs).
Other Regulations: Workplace exposure limits and environmental discharge limits define permissible use/release. Carcinogen reporting obligations apply in certain jurisdictions. Employers and transporters follow all applicable labeling, documentation, and reporting mandates.
