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Name: Di-Sodium Hydrogen Citrate Sesquihydrate
Chemical Formula: Na2C6H6O7·1.5H2O
Common Uses: People working in pharmaceuticals, labs, and some food production regularly deal with this compound, usually as a urine alkalizer, a buffer, or an ingredient to help with tartness.
Physical Appearance: Fine, white crystalline powder, dissolves in water with ease.
Odor: Odorless—you will not smell a thing working with it, at least not anything memorable.
Molecular Weight: Around 252 g/mol, including the sesquihydrate water content.
Solubility: Rapidly dissolves in water, forming a clear solution that makes handling in laboratories straightforward.
Main Health Hazards: Eye and skin irritation top the list when people handle pure forms or large amounts. Breathing in fine dust can irritate mucous membranes, but it rarely causes severe harm.
Fire and Explosion Risk: Not flammable, which brings some relief. It will not catch fire, yet there is some risk if the powder creates a lot of dust combined with strong oxidizers.
GHS Labeling: Usually carries a warning for skin and eye irritation. Precautionary pictograms signal to wear gloves and goggles as common sense safety.
Critical Symptoms: Redness, stinging in eyes, slight coughing or sneezing if dust gets in the air, and some skin dryness after prolonged contact.
Environmental Risks: Not seen as very hazardous to plants, water, or wild animals, but dumping big quantities into water systems can upset pH balance.
Main Component: Di-Sodium Hydrogen Citrate Sesquihydrate (close to 100 percent in lab settings)
Impurities: Usually less than 1 percent—trace sodium citrate or moisture, depending on storage conditions.
CAS Number: 6132-05-4 for the most common form as used in the chemical and pharmaceutical world.
Eye Contact: Rinse with steady water flow for several minutes. Remove contact lenses to ensure thorough irrigation. Seek medical help if irritation holds on.
Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water will generally do the job. Wash off powder and dry skin.
Inhalation: Get out to fresh air and sneeze out dust if needed. Medical attention rarely becomes necessary unless someone has underlying breathing problems.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water. Usually not toxic by mouth in small amounts, but higher doses call for medical review if a child or someone with medical conditions is involved.
Extinguishing Media: Water, foam, CO2, or dry chemical works just fine because this compound itself won’t burn.
Special Hazards: Under extreme fire, it could break down to release CO2 and some odd-smelling organic fumes; nothing explosive, but still not something you want to inhale.
Protective Equipment: Standard full fire-fighting gear stands up to the challenge—there is no need for anything special.
Spill Procedures: Sweep up the powder using a dampened mop or a HEPA vacuum so you don’t stir up dust. Avoid dry sweeping, since dust gets everywhere and can irritate airways.
Personal Protection: Gloves, dust mask, and eye protection stop irritation. Proper ventilation helps.
Environmental Caution: Don’t flush it in bulk down the drain. The powder itself might not kill fish, but heavy use can shift water pH and harm aquatic life.
Safe Handling Tips: Use in well-ventilated areas and avoid raising dust. Wear simple gloves and safety glasses for peace of mind.
Storage: Keep it tightly sealed, dry, and away from acids and oxidizing chemicals. Dampness causes clumping, making it hard to handle and affecting quality.
Incompatible Materials: Strong acids, strong oxidizers, and moisture cause product breakdown or poor performance in laboratory applications.
Exposure Limits: No legal exposure limits specific to this compound, but avoid breathing in the dust.
Engineering Controls: Basic local exhaust ventilation keeps the air clear in workspaces; you do not need special fume hoods.
Personal Protection: Gloves, standard safety glasses, and in dustier settings a simple N95 mask. Changing clothes after a spill helps avoid skin irritation.
Hygiene: Wash hands before eating or drinking. Keep the work area neat.
Appearance: Dry, white, free-flowing crystals or fine powder.
Odor: None detected.
Melting Point: Begins breaking down above 150°C.
Solubility: Dissolves instantly in water, forming a clear, colorless solution.
Boiling Point: Not easily measured, as it breaks down before boiling.
pH: Solutions in water fall around 8-9.
Flash Point: Not applicable due to non-flammable nature.
Density: Around 1.7 g/cm³ for the crystals.
Chemical Stability: Remains solid and stable in dry, sealed containers for years.
Conditions to Avoid: Moisture, high humidity, heat, and incompatible chemicals like strong acids.
Hazardous Decomposition: At high temperatures or with acids, forms carbon dioxide and simple organic byproducts. No wild or toxic gases to worry about, unless you mix it with something strange.
Polymerization: No risk under normal use.
Short-Term Exposure: Large doses accidentally swallowed cause mild digestive upset in most people. Eye or skin exposure can lead to irritation.
Long-Term Exposure: There is no strong evidence showing harm to human health from long-term low-level exposure.
Carcinogenicity: Studies do not show cancer risk.
Sensitization: Allergic reactions almost never happen.
Common Symptoms: Slight redness in eyes or dryness on hands, coughing with dusty air.
Toxicity to Aquatic Life: Not considered highly toxic, yet dumping quantities disrupts the natural pH balance and could hurt aquatic insects and small fish.
Persistence: Breaks down over time in soil and water, so it does not build up in the environment.
Bioaccumulation: No evidence this chemical builds up in the food chain.
Mobility in Soil: Moves freely with water, so it needs careful disposal.
Eco Advice: Even though it seems mild, every chemical dumped into waterways adds up—stick to responsible waste management.
Disposal Methods: Small lab spills can be thrown away in regular solid waste if local rules allow, after making sure no big mixtures with hazardous material have happened.
Sewer Disposal: Only in tiny, highly diluted amounts, and only with approval from local authorities to protect municipal wastewater balance.
Precautions: Never dump large amounts—bring to a suitable chemical waste facility.
Packaging: Rinse containers well before recycling or disposal.
UN Number: Not regulated as hazardous for regular road, air, or sea transport.
Shipping Advice: Keep containers dry and sealed. Protect from moisture and rough handling to stop clumping, leaks, or accidental spills.
Labeling: No special shipping label needed except to warn for possible irritant powder.
Transport Accidents: Sweep and clean up with basic protective gear, no special hazmat teams needed unless mixed into dangerous chemicals.
Regulation Status: Not listed on most hazardous substances registers. Safe for use in food and pharmaceutical manufacturing under set limits.
Labelling Requirements: General hazard labels for skin/eye irritant. Follow workplace safety signs required by local authorities.
International Listings: Accepted by global health authorities when handled correctly and in approved applications.
Compliance: Standard workplace chemical safety rules fit this compound well. Oversight ensures safe handling in industrial and commercial environments.
