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Chemical Name: D-(+)-Galacturonic Acid Monohydrate
Synonyms: Galacturonic Acid, D-Galacturonic Acid Hydrate
Molecular Formula: C6H10O7·H2O
Appearance: White to off-white powder, often crystalline and slightly hygroscopic
Odor: Mild or odorless
Solubility: Readily dissolves in water, giving a clear, colorless solution
Common Applications: Used in research settings, particularly for pectin analysis, microbial culture studies, and as a biochemical tool for carbohydrate research
Physical/Chemical Hazards: This compound typically carries low hazard risk in laboratory use, but dust can pose an inhalation concern
Health Hazards: Prolonged exposure to dust might irritate the eyes, respiratory tract, or skin; ingestion in research quantities does not usually cause acute toxicity but can cause gastrointestinal discomfort
Environmental Hazards: Not classified as environmentally hazardous in standard amounts, yet improper disposal can disrupt water chemistry if dumped in significant quantities
Signal Words: None required for lab supply; regular caution is necessary
Main Ingredient: D-(+)-Galacturonic Acid Monohydrate, purity commonly above 98 percent in lab contexts
Impurities: Trace quantities of related sugars or acids from source materials or synthesis, normally well-controlled
Water Content: Includes crystallization water, as “monohydrate” denotes; notable for calculations in solution preparation
Eye Contact: Rinse thoroughly with large amounts of water; seek medical advice if irritation lingers
Skin Contact: Wash off with soap and water; excessive contact can leave skin feeling dry or mildly irritated
Inhalation: Move to fresh air, encourage slow breathing if any mild irritation from dust arises
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water; unlikely to cause serious harm at research doses, but notify medical staff if discomfort develops
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, dry chemical, foam, or CO2; this compound is a carbohydrate and can burn if exposed to flame
Fire and Explosion Hazards: Fine powder can form combustible dust-air mixtures under extreme conditions, so avoid generating clouds
Protective Equipment: Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus if significant smoke or dust develops in confined spaces
Decomposition Products: Combustion yields carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and possibly acrid smoke
Personal Protection: Use dust mask, gloves, and eye protection to avoid contact with fine particles
Spill Clean-Up: Sweep or vacuum solid material carefully; avoid raising dust; place into closed container for proper disposal
Environmental Cautions: Avoid washing into drains or surface water, especially in bulk quantities; small spills in lab settings create minimal concern
Handling Precautions: Minimize dust generation, use with adequate ventilation, wear appropriate PPE including gloves and goggles
Storage Conditions: Store in tightly closed container, away from strong oxidizers; keep in a dry, cool, well-ventilated place
Incompatibilities: Strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents can degrade product or create unintended reactions
Exposure Limits: No established occupational exposure limit; general dust exposure control guidance suffices
Engineering Controls: Handle in fume hood or well-ventilated area; use local exhaust to prevent buildup of dust
Personal Protective Equipment: Use protective gloves, lab coat, safety glasses; respiratory protection only if dust concentration becomes high
Appearance: Typically white or off-white powder, crystalline
Odor: Odorless or very faint mild characteristic odor
Melting Point: Decomposes upon heating, does not have a sharp melting point
Solubility: Soluble in water, almost insoluble in non-polar organic solvents
pH: Slightly acidic aqueous solutions
Boiling Point: Not relevant, as the compound decomposes before boiling
Other Features: Hygroscopic; absorbs water from air, so keep sealed to maintain powder integrity
Chemical Stability: Remains stable at standard temperature and pressure, sensitive to strong oxidizing agents
Hazardous Reactions: Exposed to acids or bases may degrade product or generate irritating fumes
Decomposition: Heat and fire exposure leads to breakdown, giving carbon oxides and acrid smoke
Acute Toxicity: No evidence of acute toxicity at research or handling doses
Chronic Effects: Insufficient data for long-term exposure; no indication of mutagenic, teratogenic, or carcinogenic effects in available studies
Irritation: Dust may irritate skin, eyes, or upper respiratory tract
Special Sensitivities: People with hypersensitivity to carbohydrates or dusts could experience increased reactions
Environmental Impact: Low in small quantities, but like most soluble organic compounds, large amounts could alter water chemistry and boost microbial growth in soil or water systems
Degradability: Biodegradable; common soil and water bacteria can break it down
Bioaccumulation Potential: Not expected to accumulate in aquatic organisms
Waste Disposal: Small amounts can usually go into chemical waste streams according to institutional or regional guidelines
Avoid: Dumping in drains or the environment, as large quantities encourage microbial imbalances
Packaging: Dispose of containers as laboratory chemical waste to ensure all residues are managed properly
Regulatory Status: Not listed as a dangerous good under major international transport codes
Precautions: Store and transport in sealed containers to keep dry and avoid contamination
Accidental Release: Handle spills by sweeping up without generating dust, disposing of according to chemical regulations
Classification: Not controlled as a hazardous substance by most chemical authorities
Labelling: Standard chemical label with compound name and hazard warnings as appropriate
Worker Protection: Occupation-specific legal frameworks often require basic PPE and good laboratory hygiene
