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Product Name: Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate
Chemical Formula: CuSO4·5H2O
Common Names: Blue vitriol, Bluestone
Chemical Family: Inorganic salt
Recommended Use: Laboratory reagent, agricultural fungicide, pesticide, electroplating, root killer, algicide
Supplier Contact: Name, address, and phone of local distributor or manufacturer
Emergency Phone: Provided by local/regional authority
CAS Number: 7758-99-8
Hazard Class: Acute toxicity, Skin irritation, Eye irritation, Environmental hazard
Signal Word: Warning
Hazard Statements: Harmful if swallowed, Causes skin and eye irritation, Toxic to aquatic life
Pictograms: Exclamation mark, environment, health hazard
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing dust, wash thoroughly after handling, do not eat or drink when using, use protective clothing and gloves, avoid release to the environment
Primary Routes of Exposure: Ingestion, skin contact, inhalation, eye contact
Health Effects: Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, skin rashes, burning eyes, metal taste
Potential Chronic Effects: Kidney and liver damage, anemia after prolonged exposure
Copper (II) Sulfate Pentahydrate — 98–100%
Synonyms: Copper vitriol, blue stone, chalcanthite
Impurities: Trace amounts of iron, lead, arsenic may exist depending on source
CAS Number: 7758-99-8
Molecular Weight: 249.68 g/mol
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with clean water. Give water to drink only if conscious. Seek immediate medical attention. Symptoms may include gut cramps, vomiting, blue-green vomit.
Inhalation: Move to fresh air. Keep person warm. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, provide oxygen. Get medical attention.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing. Wash affected area with soap and water for at least 15 minutes. Medical attention needed for rashes, burns, or blistering.
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes under running water for at least 15 minutes, lifting eyelids. Remove contact lenses if easy to do. Seek medical attention.
Most Important Symptoms/Effects: Stomach pain, diarrhea, burns, respiratory issues, eye damage, copper taste in mouth
Note for Physician: Treat symptoms and monitor for delayed pulmonary or liver effects
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, foam
Hazards from Combustion: Product is not flammable but may decompose at high temperatures to produce toxic gases, including sulfur oxides and copper fumes
Special Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Use self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective suit
Advice for Firefighters: Move containers from fire area if it can be done without risk. Cool containers with water spray. Avoid runoff to sewers or waterways
Personal Precautions: Use personal protective equipment like gloves, goggles, mask. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Ventilate area.
Environmental Precautions: Avoid contamination of water sources. Block entry of material to drains or rivers.
Spill Cleanup Methods: Sweep up without creating dust. Place in suitable closed containers for disposal. Wash area with plenty of water. Dispose according to local regulations.
Emergency Procedures: Alert nearby personnel. Remove ignition sources.
Safe Handling: Handle in well-ventilated area. Wear recommended protection. Do not eat, drink, or smoke during use. Avoid generating dust. Keep containers tightly closed.
Storage: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place away from incompatible materials like acids, alkalis, finely powdered metals. Containers should be corrosion-resistant and clearly labeled.
Incompatibilities: Avoid contact with strong acids, magnesium, acetylene gas, metal powders.
Special Packaging: Use robust, moisture-proof containers.
Occupational Exposure Limits: ACGIH TLV for copper dust and mists: 1 mg/m3 (TWA); OSHA PEL: 1 mg/m3 as copper
Recommended Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation. Work in chemical fume hood where possible.
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves, goggles or face shields, laboratory coats or aprons, suitable boots
Respiratory Protection: Dust mask or respirator for heavy exposure or inadequate ventilation
Hygiene Measures: Keep away from food and drinks. Always wash hands after handling. Remove contaminated clothing before entering rest areas.
Appearance: Bright blue crystalline solid
Odor: Odorless
Odor Threshold: Not applicable
Melting Point: ~110°C (decomposes)
Boiling Point: Loses water of crystallization before boiling
Solubility: Highly soluble in water
pH (aqueous solution): ~4.0 (solution 5% w/v)
Density: 2.29 g/cm3
Vapor Pressure: Not volatile
Evaporation Rate: Not applicable
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): Data not available
Flash Point: Not flammable
Auto-ignition Temperature: Not applicable
Upper/Lower Flammability Limits: Not applicable
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal conditions if stored correctly
Conditions to Avoid: Excessive heat, moisture, incompatibles
Incompatible Materials: Reducing agents, magnesium, metals in powder form, strong acids
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Sulfur oxides, copper fumes, may release toxic vapors if decomposed
Possibility of Hazardous Reactions: Does not polymerize under normal conditions; violent reactions possible with strong reducing agents
Acute Toxicity: LD50 oral (rat): 300 mg/kg; category 4 toxin orally
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Causes irritation, redness, possible burns
Eye Damage/Irritation: Severe eye irritant, risk of damage
Inhalation: May irritate respiratory system, coughing, shortness of breath with high dust levels
Sensitization: No reliable data for skin sensitization
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic by IARC
Mutagenicity: No conclusive data supporting mutagenicity
Chronic Effects: Prolonged exposure may damage blood, liver, kidneys. May lead to anemia.
Ecotoxicity: Highly toxic to aquatic organisms, especially fish and invertebrates. LC50 (rainbow trout): 0.1–2.5 mg/L
Persistence and Degradability: Copper ions are not readily degraded. Builds up in aquatic and soil environments.
Bioaccumulative Potential: Copper accumulates in aquatic species. Biomagnification in food webs can occur.
Mobility in Soil: Moderately mobile, binds tightly in soil.
Other Adverse Effects: Harmful to plants, microbial activity may be suppressed in treated soils, alters natural cycles.
Disposal Methods: Do not dump in drains, soil, or water bodies. Collect for chemical waste disposal as required by local, national, or regional authorities.
Special Precautions: Avoid creating dust. Label and tightly seal containers.
Disposal of Containers: Wash thoroughly, remove labels, and crush or render unusable before discarding according to hazardous waste laws.
UN Number: 3077
UN Proper Shipping Name: Environmentally Hazardous Substance, Solid, N.O.S. (Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate)
Transport Hazard Class: 9 (Miscellaneous dangerous substances)
Packing Group: III
Environmental Hazard: Marine pollutant
Special Precautions: Protect packaging from moisture. Avoid rough handling.
Transport Labels: Required under IMDG, IATA, ADR for hazardous material.
OSHA Status: Regulated as a hazardous chemical
TSCA: Listed in the US Toxic Substances Control Act Inventory
SARA Title III: Section 313—reportable for copper compounds
RCRA: Classified as hazardous waste (D001, D002)
CERCLA: Copper compound releases ≥5,000 lb trigger reporting
EU REACH Registration: Registered; not SVHC
Canadian WHMIS: Classified as D2B (Toxic material causing other toxic effects)
Other International Regulations: Listed in relevant inventories including Australia, New Zealand, Japan, South Korea, and the Philippines. Environmental emission limits often apply.
