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Product Name: Chlorpyrifos
Chemical Name: O,O-diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl) phosphorothioate
Common Name: Chlorpyrifos
CAS Number: 2921-88-2
Synonyms: Dursban, Lorsban
Manufacturer: Refer to the label for supplier information. Emergency contacts often remain on the container for direct assistance in spills or exposure.
Intended Use: Agricultural insecticide, controls a range of pests in crop and non-crop areas.
Contact Information: Manufacturer contact provided through safety documentation accompanying the product or on request through agricultural supply services.
Hazard Classification: Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), possible carcinogen, environmental hazard to aquatic life.
Signal Word: Warning
Hazard Statements: Fatal if inhaled or swallowed. Can cause eye and skin irritation. Possible reproductive toxicity. May cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
Precautionary Statements: Avoid contact with skin and eyes; do not breathe dust, vapor or spray; wash thoroughly after handling.
Pictograms: Skull and crossbones, exclamation mark, aquatic toxicity symbol.
Other Hazards: Moderate volatility; persistent in environment; can induce toxicity in birds, bees, and aquatic organisms; potential to affect non-target species.
Active Ingredient: Chlorpyrifos
Concentration: Typically 48% in commercial concentrate formulations; check specific label.
Other Ingredients: Solvents, emulsifiers, inert carriers (proprietary details may be disclosed by manufacturer upon request).
Impurities: Trace amounts of unknown organic and inorganic impurities possible from industrial manufacturing.
Thresholds: Occupational exposure recommendations keep air concentrations well below 0.2 mg/m³ to avoid adverse effects.
Inhalation: Remove person to fresh air, support breathing if needed, call emergency for immediate medical advice.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, rinse skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes; remove contact lenses if present; consult a physician immediately.
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting, rinse mouth, drink water if conscious; call poison control center right away.
Most Important Symptoms: Muscle twitching, headache, dizziness, nausea, respiratory difficulty. Symptoms can develop slowly; medical supervision required after significant exposure.
Antidote: Atropine sulfate and pralidoxime considered by medical professionals in severe poisoning cases.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Foam, dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide, water spray for cooling containers.
Unsuitable Media: Direct water jet may spread product.
Hazardous Combustion Products: Hydrogen chloride, phosphorus oxides, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.
Special Equipment: Use self-contained breathing apparatus and full turn-out gear to avoid inhalation of decomposition gases.
Advice for Firefighters: Approach from upwind to avoid exposure to toxic fumes; contain runoff to prevent entry to sewers or waterways.
Personal Precautions: Ventilate area, keep away unprotected persons, use personal protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, and a respirator.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent runoff into water systems, drains, or soil; notify authorities in case of environmental release; block off spill area.
Cleanup Methods: Absorb spill with inert material like sand or earth; collect in sealable containers for disposal; clean area with detergent and water, avoid raising dust.
Decontamination: Use plenty of water; ensure that accidentally contaminated surfaces and equipment are thoroughly cleaned to reduce persistent residues.
Reporting Requirements: Depending on jurisdiction, larger spills or releases must be reported to environmental or public health authorities.
Handling: Wear chemical-resistant gloves, long sleeves, goggles, and a respirator; avoid direct contact, ingestion, or inhalation; handle in well-ventilated spaces.
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands and face before eating, drinking or smoking; change out of any contaminated clothing.
Storage Conditions: Store in original, clearly-labeled containers, tightly closed, away from food and animal feed.
Incompatible Materials: Oxidizers, strong acids and alkalis.
Precautions: Keep out of reach of children and unauthorized personnel; store in locked, secure, dry, and cool place away from heat and sunlight.
Special Storage Requirements: Avoid freezing or extreme heat to prevent deterioration; maintain good ventilation at storage location.
Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL: none; ACGIH TLV: 0.1 mg/m³ (STEL);
Engineering Controls: Local exhaust ventilation recommended for bulk handling, enclosed handling processes reduce exposure risk.
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves, splash-proof eye protection, full-length protective clothing, and NIOSH-approved respirator where vapor or dust is present.
Additional Controls: Eye wash stations and emergency showers at locations where Chlorpyrifos is used or stored; regular maintenance of PPE.
Monitoring: Routine air, surface, or biological monitoring advised in agricultural or industrial use settings.
General Worker Advice: Workplace training on risks, symptoms and emergency procedures, especially for those involved in mixing and application.
Appearance: White or pale yellow crystalline solid, technical grade is often granular.
Odor: Faint, mild, almost mercaptan or sulfur odor.
Melting Point: 41-43°C
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling.
Solubility: Practically insoluble in water (1.4 mg/L at 25°C); soluble in most organic solvents such as ethanol, acetone, benzene, and methylene chloride.
Vapor Pressure: 1.87 x 10⁻⁵ mmHg at 25°C
Density: 1.4 g/cm³ at 20°C
pH: Slightly acidic.
Partition Coefficient: Log Kow 4.7
Other Properties: Degrades slowly in neutral or acidic pH, faster in alkaline environment; photodegradation and hydrolysis are main environmental breakdown routes.
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions, especially in original packaging in a cool, dry place.
Decomposition: Rapid degradation in alkaline solutions, slow hydrolysis under neutral and acidic conditions; photodegradation occurs on exposed surfaces.
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizers, acids, and alkalis may trigger decomposition releasing toxic fumes.
Hazardous Reactions: Does not polymerize; heat and strong light accelerate breakdown.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Hydrogen chloride, oxides of phosphorus, sulfur dioxide, carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides.
Other Stability Concerns: Improper disposal, storage near incompatible chemicals, or application under extreme temperatures can produce hazardous by-products.
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 (rats): 135 mg/kg; Dermal LD50 (rats): 202 mg/kg; Inhalation LC50: 2 mg/L (4 hr rats).
Chronic Exposure: Neurological symptoms linked to cholinesterase inhibition, long-term low-dose exposure may affect central nervous system and liver function.
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin contact, eye contact, ingestion.
Symptoms: Nausea, headache, dizziness, muscle tremors, confusion, respiratory distress, convulsions in severe cases.
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic by EPA, but IARC lists some concerns; question remains due to insufficient long-term data.
Mutagenicity: No evidence from standard tests.
Other Health Effects: Reproductive toxicity and developmental delays in animal studies.
Sensitization: Skin and respiratory irritant; may cause allergic reactions in susceptible individuals.
Ecotoxicity: Extremely toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates, and bees; risk extends to birds and other non-target species.
Aquatic Toxicity: LC50 (96h) for rainbow trout: 0.009 mg/L; EC50 for daphnia: 0.0013 mg/L; bees: highly toxic on contact.
Persistence and Degradability: Moderately persistent, half-life in soil ranges from 30 to 60 days depending on conditions. Degrades by hydrolysis and photolysis.
Bioaccumulation: High log Kow indicates significant potential for bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms.
Mobility in Soil: Low mobility, but runoff or drift can result in environmental contamination.
Additional Ecological Effects: Secondary poisoning can develop in predators feeding on contaminated insects or fish.
Product Disposal: Handle as hazardous waste; incinerate or treat at licensed facility; do not flush to sewer, surface water, or soil.
Container Disposal: Triple rinse with detergent and water; puncture and render unusable; recycle where a program exists or dispose of as hazardous waste.
Precautions: Avoid any release to environment during disposal; follow federal, state, and local regulations.
Waste Code: Use EPA hazardous waste codes provided by local disposal facilities.
Disposal Guidance: Consult professional waste disposal or local authority for recommendations consistent with environmental best practices.
UN Number: UN 2783
Proper Shipping Name: Organophosphorus Pesticide, Liquid, Toxic
Transport Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic substances)
Packing Group: II
Label: Toxic
Marine Pollutant: Yes
Special Precautions: Keep containers upright and tightly sealed during transport; secure to prevent movement or leaks.
Additional Guidance: Emergency response information sheet accompanies shipments; training for spill response and emergency contacts required by transporters.
OSHA: Regulated as hazardous, safety training required.
EPA: Permitted uses and maximum residue levels specified; some uses banned or restricted due to health and environmental concerns.
TSCA: Listed.
FIFRA: Uses governed under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act; requires label adherence for legal application.
EU REACH: Classified as a substance of very high concern (SVHC); restrictions apply.
Other Country Regulations: Some regions, such as California and the EU, have stricter requirements, including buffer zones and application bans near sensitive ecosystems or residential areas.
SARA Title III: Subject to reporting under emergency planning and community right-to-know regulations.
