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Name: Chlorpyrifos-methyl
Common Uses: Known for controlling pests in wheat, barley, and other crops across global agriculture
Chemical Formula: C7H7Cl3NO3PS
Appearance: Pale yellow-brown liquid or crystalline solid; faint, chemical odour
Synonyms: O,O-dimethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl) phosphorothioate
CAS Number: 2921-88-2
Main Hazards: Toxic if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through skin; may irritate eyes and skin; can trigger headaches, dizziness, muscle twitching
Acute Health Risks: Triggers nervous system symptoms; high exposure potentially slows heart rate, causes difficulty breathing, convulsions
Chronic Risks: Nervous system regularly targeted by repeated exposure
Warning Symbols: Skull and crossbones, environmental hazard
Routes of Exposure: Eyes, skin, ingestion, inhalation, mainly through careless handling or spills
Main Substance: Chlorpyrifos-methyl, concentration usually 92%–97% in technical grade products
Other Ingredients: Carriers, solvents, and stabilizers vary by manufacturer,
Purity: Technical-grade purity important for shelf life and controlling toxicity
Inhalation: Bring person out to fresh air; if symptoms persist or worsen, seek emergency medical attention
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, wash skin with plenty of water and soap
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes under gentle running water, eyelids open, for fifteen minutes
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; call poison center or medical professional immediately
Medical Attention: Atropine may be used by doctors in serious cases, but quick transport to medical facility makes all the difference
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide work best; water spray if safe
Specific Dangers: Burning releases toxic and irritating fumes including hydrogen chloride, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides
Firefighting Advice: Wear full protective gear and self-contained breathing apparatus; keep runoff out of drains and water systems
Special Considerations: Contaminated firewater may carry risk to aquatic life and soil
Personal Precautions: Avoid breathing vapours; wear protective gloves, boots, goggles and mask
Environmental Precautions: Keep material clear of drains, water sources, and soil
Spill Response: Absorb with inert material like sand or earth; collect for chemical disposal
Decontamination: Thorough cleanup using plenty of water, but control washings from entering watercourses
Safe Handling: Work in well-ventilated area; avoid direct contact, no eating or smoking nearby
Storage Advice: Keep containers tightly closed; store in a cool, dry, ventilated place; label clearly
Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizers; avoid heat and sparks
Long-Term Safety: Secure storage protects against accidental leaks, theft or misuse,
Household Restrictions: Never store chlorpyrifos-methyl in food or drink containers
Workplace Limits: Some countries use occupational exposure limits as low as 0.1 mg/m3
Ventilation: Local exhaust or full enclosure preferred
Protective Clothing: Chemical-resistant gloves, face shield, goggles, boots, coveralls always necessary
Respiratory Protection: Suitable masks or respirators, especially where adequate ventilation can’t be guaranteed
Personal Hygiene: Wash hands, face before breaks and before leaving work area
Physical State: Liquid or crystalline solid at room temperature
Colour: Pale yellow to brown
Odour: Weak chemical
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Melting Point: Near 42°C for pure compound
Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents
Vapour Pressure: Low under ambient conditions
Stability: Stable under normal storage but reacts on exposure to sunlight and strong oxidizers
Stability: Keeps well in sealed, dark containers at room temperature
Hazardous Decomposition: Burns and decomposes to release hydrogen chloride, phosphorus oxides, nitrogen oxides
Reactive With: Strong acids, alkalis, oxidizing agents
Polymerization: Not known to occur
Main Target: Central nervous system, interfering with acetylcholinesterase
Symptoms: Nausea, headache, dizziness, muscle twitching, sweating, confusion, in severe cases unconsciousness and respiratory failure
Animal Studies: Rat oral LD50 typically 250–400 mg/kg
Chronic Exposure: Linked to neurotoxic effects, especially in children or the unborn
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogen in many regulatory systems, but ongoing studies examine possible links to longer term disease
Aquatic Toxicity: Toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates, causes acute and chronic environmental risks
Persistence: Breaks down slowly in soil, persists in water environments
Bioaccumulation: Can build up in aquatic organisms
Impact on Non-Targets: Bee and bird populations harmed by spraying in areas where non-targets feed or nest
Environmental Spread: Water run-off or wind can carry contamination far from application site
Safe Disposal: Incineration preferred at approved facilities
Product Waste: Never dump in sewers, drains, or on land
Container Disposal: Rinse triple, puncture or crush before disposal at hazardous waste centers
Legal Restrictions: Local regulations control burning or chemical disposal of hazardous material residues
UN Number: Typically assigned under hazardous pesticides
Packaging Rules: Requires sealed, labelled, and secure containers
Transportation Risks: Spills during transit may trigger emergency response, endanger responders and environment
International Controls: Regulated under pest control, food safety, and hazardous goods laws
Restrictions: Banned or heavily restricted in many regions due to environmental and health concerns
Label Requirements: Hazard symbols, safety instructions, risk and safety phrases clearly shown
Workplace Safety: Training for all handlers, up-to-date records for stocks and usage
Compliance: Farms and companies face inspections and mandatory reporting of spills or over-application
Risk Management: Public health agencies review scientific evidence as part of policy review, regularly updating rules to reflect new data
