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Chemical Name: Carbonyl Cyanide 3-Chlorophenylhydrazone
Common Synonyms: CCCP
Molecular Formula: C9H5ClN4O
Description: A yellow-orange crystalline powder known for uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and used widely in research labs investigating bioenergetics. The substance has a pungent odor and powdery consistency, which makes it prone to airborne dispersion, especially during transfer or weighing processes. Its unique use in blocking the proton gradient highlights its critical role and the need for responsible handling.
Hazard Classes: Acute toxicity, irritant, environmental hazard
Signal Words: Danger
Key Risks: Highly toxic through inhalation, ingestion, or skin absorption. Causes severe irritation to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Known to disrupt mitochondrial function, potentially leading to systemic toxicity. Dust can become airborne easily, increasing risk for those in laboratory settings. Short-term symptoms include dizziness, nausea, headache, and breathing difficulties. Exposure carries special risks for those with pre-existing respiratory or neurological conditions.
Active Ingredient: Carbonyl Cyanide 3-Chlorophenylhydrazone
CAS Number: 555-60-2
Concentration: Typically pure in research settings
No Additives: Most sample preparations use the pure compound, so contamination sources mainly come from handling errors or poor storage.
Eye Contact: Rinse immediately with plenty of water, keeping eyelids open for at least 15 minutes; seek medical help without delay.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing; wash affected area thoroughly with soap and water; get medical advice.
Inhalation: Move to fresh air right away; keep person calm and warm; provide artificial respiration if breathing stops and call for emergency care.
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; rinse mouth with water and get professional medical treatment as quickly as possible.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical, CO2, or foam. Water spray can be used to keep containers cool but may spread powder if directed at the product itself.
Specific Hazards: Under fire conditions, toxic gases such as nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, chlorine compounds can be released.
Protective Gear: Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing; avoid inhaling fumes produced by combustion.
Personal Protections: Evacuate non-essential personnel, ventilate the area, and avoid breathing dust.
Spill Response: Use appropriate protective gear, scoop up material using non-sparking tools, and place in a suitable closed container for disposal.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent the compound or contaminated runoff from entering drains, watercourses, or soil. Wet down powder to minimize airborne dust if safe to do so.
Handling: Work in a well-ventilated space, preferably in a certified chemical fume hood. Avoid direct contact with skin or eyes, and always use personal protective equipment. Do not eat, drink, or smoke when near the compound or handling accessories.
Storage: Store in a cool, dry, airtight container, away from incompatible or oxidizing materials. Protect from moisture and sources of ignition. Limit access to trained personnel, and always label containers clearly.
Engineering Controls: Use proper ventilation such as fume hoods to minimize airborne particles.
Personal Protection: Wear suitable laboratory gloves (nitrile preferred), chemical splash goggles, and a laboratory coat. Use a dust mask or a certified respirator if dust or vapors are likely.
Hygiene Practices: Wash hands and face thoroughly after handling. Do not remove gloves or other protective gear until work is complete and hands can be washed.
Appearance: Orange-yellow crystalline powder
Odor: Pungent, harsh
Melting Point: 190 to 193°C
Solubility: Soluble in DMSO and ethanol, slightly soluble in water
Stability Under Normal Conditions: Stable but should be stored away from light, air, and moisture to prevent degradation or dangerous byproduct formation.
Vapor Pressure: Low under ambient conditions, but dust can become airborne easily.
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Reactivity: Incompatible with strong oxidizers and strong acids.
Decomposition Products: Hazardous gases such as hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides form if heated or burned.
Polymerization: Material is not known to polymerize.
Acute Effects: Highly toxic by ingestion, skin, or inhalation exposure; symptoms include nausea, headache, dizziness, vomiting, and muscle weakness.
Chronic Effects: Prolonged exposure may cause damage to organs related to energy metabolism as the molecule uncouples mitochondrial phosphorylation.
Routes of Exposure: Skin, eye, inhalation, ingestion.
Carcinogenicity: No direct evidence for carcinogenicity, but data is limited.
Target Organs: Nervous system, liver, kidneys due to energy metabolism disruption.
Ecotoxicity: High toxicity to aquatic organisms; can disrupt cellular energy metabolism in non-target species as in humans.
Persistence and Degradability: Not easily biodegradable.
Potential for Bioaccumulation: Possible, given its persistence and fat solubility.
Environmental Fate: Spills or leaks into waterways should be stopped immediately; the material can spread rapidly and cause damage at low concentrations.
Waste Disposal: Collect contaminated material in a secure, labeled hazardous waste container. Incinerate in a chemical incinerator equipped with afterburner and scrubber.
Additional Precautions: Do not discharge into drains, watercourses, or landfill. Contact local environmental or waste authorities for approved disposal options.
UN Number: No universal assignment, typically shipped as a laboratory reagent in small quantities.
Shipping Label: Toxic substance
Packing Group: Usually Class 6.1 (Toxic Substances), with specific packing instructions for hazardous research chemicals.
Handling in Transit: Store upright in sealed secondary containers to prevent leaks and absorb shock or vibration. Transport only in accordance with institutional or local hazardous material protocols.
Chemical Safety Laws: Covered under general chemical safety regulations for toxic laboratory reagents.
Workplace Use: Restricted to licensed or trained personnel in approved laboratory or industrial settings.
International Declarations: Not specifically listed, but general hazard and environmental protection requirements apply to procurement, use, and disposal.
Record-Keeping: Maintain strict inventory and usage logs, and report incidents or exposures following local legal requirements.
