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Name: Antimycin A
CAS Number: 1397-94-0
Classification: Polyketide antibiotic, respiratory chain inhibitor, frequently used in laboratory research
Appearance: Crystalline solid or powder, white to off-white in color
Odor: Little to no detectable odor under standard conditions
Solubility: Mixes well in solvents such as ethanol, methanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide, which points to its practical application in laboratory environments.
Main Risks: Toxic when inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through skin, causes respiratory tract irritation and can trigger eye and skin reactions
Acute Symptoms: Shortness of breath, redness, or discomfort in skin and eyes
Long-Term Risks: Evidence links this compound to mitochondrial inhibition, which underscores real potential for organ damage, especially upon chronic exposure
Hazard Classifications: Acute toxicity, Specific target organ toxicity, Skin and eye irritation
Chemical Name: Antimycin A
Chemical Formula: C28H40N2O9
Purity Level: Research-grade Antimycin A typically exceeds 95% purity, though contaminants may arise during synthesis
Inhalation: Remove the person to fresh air, seek medical advice if respiratory distress persists
Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water, remove contaminated clothing
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes, assistance from a medical professional recommended for persistent irritation
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, consult poison control or a healthcare provider before attempting to induce vomiting; symptoms may include nausea, headache, or drowsiness
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use carbon dioxide, dry chemical, or foam to combat fire; water spray can be used for cooling containers but not as a main method for suppression
Hazardous Combustion Byproducts: Burning may release carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, which all represent inhalation hazards
Protective Equipment: Firefighters should use self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing due to risk of toxic fume exposure
Personal Precautions: Laboratory workers should always put on gloves, eye protection, and lab coats before cleanup
Containment: Keep spills contained and prevent substance from entering waterways or drainage systems
Cleanup Methods: Sweep up material and place in appropriate chemical waste container, avoid generating dust, ventilate area thoroughly; hands-on training for spill response plays a key role
Safe Handling: Use only in well-ventilated settings, employ protective gear including gloves and eye shields, avoid inhalation as well as contact with skin and eyes
Storage Conditions: Store sealed containers in a cool, dry location away from light, food, and incompatible chemicals, such as oxidizers
Labeling: Mark containers clearly and maintain security to prevent unauthorized access, as mishandling introduces health and security risks
Engineering Controls: Work within fume hoods or local exhaust ventilation systems to limit airborne particulate exposure
Personal Protection: Use disposable nitrile or latex gloves, laboratory coats, safety goggles; respiratory protection may be justified for significant dust or aerosol generation
Hygiene Practices: Wash hands thoroughly after handling, avoid touching face or eating before cleanup, enforce safe lab practices to prevent routine contamination
Molecular Weight: 548.62 g/mol
Melting Point: Approximately 127-131°C
Boiling Point: Data not widely known, tends to decompose before boiling
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at room temperature
Solubility: High in organic solvents like DMSO, low in water
Appearance/Odor: Crystalline compound with minimal scent, typical for organic antibiotics of this structure
Chemical Stability: Stable under specified storage conditions with good handling
Reactivity: Avoid contact with oxidizing chemicals, strong acids, and bases—these exposures can degrade the compound.
Hazardous Decomposition: Risk of toxic gases like CO, CO2, and nitrogen oxides forming during decomposition, particularly if overheated or burned
Acute Toxicity: Highly toxic via multiple routes, with research showing significant effects on mitochondria affecting energy metabolism
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, dermal absorption
Symptoms: Include shortness of breath, dizziness, skin irritation, eye redness; chronic exposure amplifies risk for organ system damage
Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: No definitive evidence from human data, though mitochondrial poisons may have wide-ranging biological impacts
Aquatic Toxicity: Toxic to fish and aquatic organisms in laboratory settings, disrupts cellular respiration even at low concentrations
Persistence: Moderate persistence in the environment, can be broken down by sunlight and some soil bacteria
Bioaccumulation: Low bioaccumulation potential, but acute toxicity for invertebrates and plants remains well-documented
Waste Disposal: Treat all contaminated liquids, solids, and materials as hazardous chemical waste; dispose of in properly permitted facilities
Regulatory Compliance: Follow local and institutional hazardous waste protocols; never pour down drains or discard with general garbage
Transport Identification: Packages require clear hazard labels, shipped under chemical cargo regulations due to toxicity
Shipping Method: Use sealed containers, secondary containment, and inert cushioning during transport to prevent spills or breakage; temperature control may be warranted for larger quantities
Hazardous Substance Listings: Often listed as a controlled hazardous substance for laboratory and research use
Labelling Requirements: Strict labeling mandated under GHS (Globally Harmonized System) for acute toxicity, environmental hazard
Institutional Protocols: Many research facilities require detailed protocols, user training, and access logs for high-risk chemicals like Antimycin A, helping ensure accountability
