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Product Name: Ammonium Persulfate
Chemical Formula: (NH4)2S2O8
Synonyms: Diammonium peroxydisulfate, Ammonium peroxydisulfate
CAS Number: 7727-54-0
Recommended Use: Laboratory reagent, etching of printed circuit boards, polymerization initiator, hair bleaching and textile desizing agent
Manufacturers/Suppliers: Commonly distributed by chemical supply companies worldwide, always check for local supplier contact in an emergency
Classification: Classified as oxidizing solid (Category 3), acute toxicity (oral, Category 4), serious eye damage (Category 1), skin irritation (Category 2), respiratory sensitizer (Category 1), skin sensitizer (Category 1)
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: May intensify fire; oxidizer. Harmful if swallowed. Causes skin irritation. Causes serious eye damage. May cause respiratory irritation, allergic skin reaction, or asthma symptoms.
Precautionary Statements: Keep away from heat and sources of ignition. Avoid breathing dust. Wash hands thoroughly after handling. Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves, and face/eye protection.
Chemical Name: Ammonium Persulfate
Concentration: Approximately 98-100% by weight
Impurities: Possible trace water or other persulfate salts depending on supplier
Other Ingredients: No significant inert ingredients reported in most samples used for industrial and laboratory purposes
Eye Contact: Immediately flush with plenty of water for a minimum of 15 minutes, remove contact lenses if present and easily done, and seek medical attention at once as eye injury may be severe in case of direct contact
Skin Contact: Quickly remove contaminated clothing and wash affected skin thoroughly with soap and water, continue to rinse for 15 minutes if irritation persists, and get medical advice
Inhalation: Move exposed individual to fresh air, keep at rest, begin assisted breathing if not breathing, and contact emergency services as sensitization may cause serious breathing difficulty
Ingestion: Rinse mouth thoroughly, never induce vomiting, provide small quantity of milk or water if person is conscious, get immediate medical attention as material is harmful if swallowed and may cause irritation or allergic response
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, dry chemical, or foam; avoid carbon dioxide as it may not effectively suppress oxidizer-involved fires
Unusual Fire Hazards: Strong oxidizer, may intensify fire; can liberate toxic gases such as nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and ammonia under fire conditions
Protective Equipment: Full protective clothing, including self-contained breathing apparatus, is required for fire-fighting as decomposition products are highly irritating
Special Procedures: Move containers away from fire area if safe, and cool exposed containers with plenty of water
Personal Precautions: Evacuate area, use appropriate personal protective equipment such as dust mask, goggles, gloves, avoid formation of dust
Environmental Precautions: Prevent release to waterways, drains, or sewers as it may be highly toxic to aquatic life
Spill Cleanup Methods: Sweep or scoop into suitable clean, labeled containers, avoid generating dust, neutralize residues with reducing agent if safe and dispose of according to local regulations, ventilate spill area
Handling: Do not breathe dust, avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing, and always handle in well-ventilated areas or with local exhaust
Storage: Keep container tightly closed in dry, cool, well-ventilated area, segregate from easily oxidizable or combustible materials, metal powders, reducing agents, and acids
Special Notes: Protect from moisture and excessive heat, do not reuse containers, and label containers clearly
Occupational Exposure Limits: ACGIH TLV 0.1 mg/m3 (TWA, as persulfate), ensure monitoring where occupational exposure is possible
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation and process enclosures to minimize dust and airborne concentrations
Personal Protective Equipment: Wear chemical splash goggles, nitrile or butyl rubber gloves, long-sleeved laboratory coat or chemical apron, NIOSH-approved dust mask or respirator in dusty environments
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands before eating, drinking, or using restroom, remove contaminated clothing and launder before reuse
Appearance: White, odorless, crystalline salt
Molecular Weight: 228.2 g/mol
Solubility: Soluble in water (approx. 80g/100ml at 25°C)
Melting Point/Decomposition: Decomposes above 120°C, releases oxygen
Vapor Pressure: Not volatile
pH (5% solution): Acidic (2.0–3.0)
Density: About 1.98 g/cm3 at 20°C
Odor: Odorless
Chemical Stability: Stable at ambient temperatures in sealed containers; decomposes on heating, exposure to moisture, and in contact with incompatible materials
Incompatible Materials: Strong reducing agents, organic materials, acids, metal powders, combustibles may initiate violent reactions
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Oxygen gas, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, ammonia may form under thermal decomposition
Reactivity: Vigorous or explosive reactions possible, especially with organic or oxidizable substances
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin and eye contact, ingestion
Acute Toxicity: LD50 (oral, rat): approx. 683 mg/kg; irritant to eyes and skin, sensitizer on inhalation and skin contact
Chronic Effects: Asthmatic symptoms, dermatitis, and sensitization reported in susceptible individuals with repeated or prolonged exposure
Other Health Effects: May aggravate pre-existing asthma, respiratory, or skin disorders; individuals with allergies should minimize exposure
Aquatic Toxicity: Very toxic to aquatic life (LC50 for Daphnia about 0.76 mg/L over 48 hours), use best efforts to restrict environmental release
Persistence and Degradability: Rapidly decomposes in presence of water and air; forms sulfates and ammonium ions
Bioaccumulation Potential: Low, due to rapid degradation and water solubility
Other Adverse Effects: Any large-scale spills pose significant risk to aquatic systems due to strong oxidizing action, neutralization prior to discharge helps limit environmental impact
Waste Disposal: Treat as hazardous waste, use a licensed hazardous waste contractor for safe disposal
Neutralization: Dilute with water, reduce persulfate using sodium thiosulfate or sodium bisulfite under controlled conditions
Packaging Disposal: Containers must be completely emptied and cleaned before disposal in accordance with local requirements
Legal Requirements: Follow all applicable federal, state, and local regulations for chemical disposal as improper dumping can cause rapid environmental harm
UN Number: UN 1444
Proper Shipping Name: Ammonium Persulfate
Hazard Class: 5.1 (Oxidizer)
Packing Group: III
Labels: Oxidizer label required
Other Transport Notes: Keep containers tightly closed, dry, and upright. Segregate from combustibles and reducing agents in all modes of transport, declare cargo as oxidizer and handle per IMDG, IATA, and DOT requirements
OSHA: Recognized as hazardous under OSHA Hazard Communication Standard
US EPA: Not listed as a hazardous air pollutant, but regulated as hazardous waste for certain disposal scenarios
TSCA: Listed on US Toxic Substances Control Act inventory
REACH: Registered in the European Union, subject to requirements regarding safe handling, use, and disposal
Other Standards: Subject to SARA Title III reporting requirements and included on Canadian DSL/NDSL and Australian AICS chemical inventories
