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Chemical Name: Ammonium Molybdate Tetrahydrate
Common Names: Ammonium Molybdate, Ammonium heptamolybdate
Chemical Formula: (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O
Appearance: White crystalline solid
Odor: Odorless
Uses: Widely used in laboratories, chemical analysis, catalysts, fertilizer production, ceramics, and pigment industries.
Hazard Statements: May cause irritation to eyes, skin, and respiratory system. Inhalation of dust leads to coughing and sore throat. Ingestion can upset the stomach and create abdominal pain. Prolonged exposure has potential to lead to kidney damage due to molybdenum accumulation.
Main Health Risks: Irritant risk to mucous membranes and skin, possible effects on lungs with repeated inhalation, ingestion hazard for those with pre-existing health conditions.
Classification: Not categorized as highly dangerous, but calls for thoughtful handling due to its chemical nature.
Label Elements: Eye and skin irritant warnings, avoid dust generation, avoid ingestion and inhalation.
Ingredient: Ammonium Molybdate Tetrahydrate
Chemical Formula: (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O
Purity: Typically found at over 99% in laboratory settings
Other Substances: Trace impurities possible depending on source
Inhalation: Move to fresh air, provide warmth and rest, consult a physician if effects persist.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, rinse skin thoroughly with plenty of water, seek medical attention if irritation develops.
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes, remove contact lenses if present, continue rinsing, seek medical evaluation if eye irritation continues.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, seek medical attention and avoid inducing vomiting. Drink water if conscious.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Do not use water jet.
Hazards from Combustion: Material itself does not readily burn, but decomposition may release toxic ammonia and molybdenum oxides. Heated containers may rupture.
Protective Equipment: Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing to prevent exposure to fumes.
Personal Precautions: Avoid inhalation and contact with skin or eyes. Ventilate area, use dust mask and gloves.
Environmental Precautions: Keep out of watercourses and drains to avoid chemical runoff and accumulation in aquatic systems.
Clean-up Method: Sweep up carefully using equipment to minimize dust generation, collect in a suitable sealed container for disposal, wash affected area with water.
Handling: Use in a well-ventilated area, wear gloves and eye protection, prevent dust buildup. Avoid ingesting or inhaling material. Wash hands after use.
Storage Requirement: Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, dry location, segregated from acids and food sources. Use labels to minimize accidental misuse. Protect from moisture and incompatible materials.
Engineering Controls: Work with local exhaust ventilation or chemical hoods to disperse any airborne dust. Handle in laboratory or industrial setups equipped with washing stations.
Personal Protection: Wear chemical-resistant gloves, lab coat, and safety goggles. Use dust masks or respirators where airborne dust is likely. Avoid direct skin exposure.
Work Practices: Follow basic hygiene—do not eat, drink, or smoke in areas where material is used. Remove contaminated clothing promptly and wash hands before breaks.
Appearance: White crystalline powder
Melting Point: Gradually decomposes above 130°C
Solubility: Soluble in water, produces molybdate ion in solution
Odor: Odorless
Molecular Weight: Approximately 1235 g/mol for the tetrahydrate
Density: Varies based on form; generally greater than 2 g/cm³
Other Characteristics: Stable under standard conditions, will slowly lose water of hydration on standing.
Stability: Chemically stable in recommended storage conditions. Incompatible with strong acids, reducing agents.
Reactivity: Can react with acids to liberate ammonia, may form molybdenum trioxide on heating.
Decomposition Products: Formation of ammonia gas and molybdenum oxides if heated or subjected to acid.
Polymerization: Not known to occur.
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, eye contact.
Potential Health Effects: Inhalation can cause cough, sore throat, and respiratory discomfort. Skin exposure leads to irritation. Eye contact produces redness. Ingestion in quantity causes gastrointestinal upset.
Chronic Effects: Occupational exposure above accepted levels associates with anemia, loss of appetite, and in some animal studies, kidney and liver issues.
Acute Toxicity: No acute exposure deaths documented at typical use levels. Still, avoid unnecessary exposure.
Aquatic Toxicity: Large discharges harm aquatic organisms through molybdenum accumulation. Persistent in the environment, with risk of bioaccumulation.
Soil Movement: Material is fairly mobile in moist soils and groundwater, leading to possible long-range movement.
Degradation: Not rapidly biodegradable. Tends to remain chemically unchanged in the environment.
Waste Management: Collect and place in an appropriate waste disposal facility. Avoid flushing to sewer or watercourses.
Regulatory Disposal: Dispose of according to local and national environmental laws for hazardous substances.
Container Disposal: Decontaminate and recycle containers wherever allowed, destroy by landfill only as a last resort under authorized disposal routes.
Shipping Considerations: Not regulated as dangerous for ground or air transport in most regions.
Handling Routes: Ship in closed, labeled containers. Minimize movement of opened containers.
Special Precautions: Prevent spillage and dampness during transit.
SDS Compliance: Many regions, including the EU and US, require publication of a Safety Data Sheet and clear workplace labels.
Occupational Limits: Occupational exposure guidelines exist for molybdenum compounds, with recommended limits to reduce chronic effect risks.
Hazard Communication: Chemical users are required to have training on the risks and safety practices associated with this material.
Environmental Regulation: Restricted release to surface water and groundwater to minimize environmental build-up.
