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Product Name: Ammonium Hydroxide
Chemical Formula: NH4OH
Synonyms: Aqueous Ammonia, Ammonia Solution
CAS Number: 1336-21-6
Recommended Use: Industrial and laboratory applications as a cleaning agent, pH adjuster, and reagent
Supplier: Refer to current manufacturer’s labeling
Emergency Contacts: National Poison Control or local emergency response
Classification: Corrosive to metals, acute toxicity (oral, inhalation), skin corrosion/irritation, serious eye damage/irritation
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Causes severe skin burns and serious eye damage. Harmful if inhaled. Corrosive to some metals.
Pictograms: GHS05 (Corrosive), GHS07 (Exclamation mark)
Precautionary Statements: Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye and face protection. Wash hands thoroughly after handling. Avoid breathing vapors or mists. Use only outdoors or in well-ventilated spaces. Do not eat, drink, or smoke during use.
Chemical Name: Ammonium Hydroxide
Concentration: 5-30% (varies by product)
Chemical Formula: NH4OH
Impurities/Additives: Water acts as the solvent and main diluent
Inhalation: Move affected person to fresh air quickly. Seek medical attention for breathing difficulty or irritation. Remove contaminated clothing.
Skin Contact: Flush skin immediately and thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing. Get medical attention for burns or persistent irritation.
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes, lifting eyelids occasionally. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Seek immediate medical attention.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth. Do not induce vomiting. Give water to drink if conscious. Get medical attention right away.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Water spray, dry powder, carbon dioxide, foam. Mop up runoff to prevent environmental contamination.
Specific Hazards: Ammonia vapors may be released, potentially forming explosive mixtures with air. Fire can produce toxic ammonia fumes.
Protective Equipment: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective gear. Approach upwind.
Special Advice: Cool closed containers with water spray. Prevent run-off from entering drains or watercourses.
Personal Precautions: Evacuate non-essential personnel. Wear chemical splash goggles, gloves, and suitable protective clothing. Avoid inhalation of vapors or mists.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent spills from reaching waterways, sewers, or soil. Contain spillage using sand or non-combustible absorbent material.
Cleanup Methods: Ventilate area. Absorb with inert material like vermiculite and place in suitable waste containers. Neutralize residues with diluted acid solution, then rinse area with water.
Safe Handling: Use only with adequate ventilation. Handle in a chemical fume hood if possible. Keep away from incompatible substances such as acids, chlorinated compounds, and oxidizers. Minimize vapor generation.
Safe Storage: Store in labeled, tightly closed containers. Keep in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat sources. Protect from direct sunlight. Avoid contact with copper, bronze, brass, zinc, and other reactive metals.
Incompatibilities: Acids, oxidizers, halogens, reactive metals
Packaging: Use containers made from materials like high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or stainless steel.
Occupational Exposure Limit: OSHA PEL: 50 ppm (35 mg/m3) as ammonia; ACGIH TLV: 25 ppm (17 mg/m3) TWA
Engineering Controls: Local exhaust ventilation or chemical fume hood. Emergency eye wash and shower stations in area.
Personal Protective Equipment: Splash-resistant goggles, impervious gloves (rubber, nitrile), protective clothing. Respiratory protection (NIOSH approved) if limits are exceeded or ventilation not available.
Hygiene Measures: Launder contaminated clothing before reuse. Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking during use.
Appearance: Clear, colorless to slightly cloudy liquid
Odor: Pungent, characteristic ammonia odor
Odor Threshold: 5 ppm
pH: About 11.6–12.0
Melting Point: Not applicable
Boiling Point: Approximately 37.7°C (100°F) at 10% solution
Flash Point: Not flammable as a solution, vapor/air mixtures can ignite
Vapor Pressure: 115 mmHg at 20°C (10% solution)
Solubility: Completely soluble in water
Relative Density: 0.90–0.98
Evaporation Rate: Greater than water
VOC Content: Not applicable
Chemical Stability: Stable at normal temperatures and storage conditions. Decomposes slowly with time, gives off ammonia vapor.
Hazardous Reactions: Violent reaction with strong acids, halogens, oxidizing agents. Ammonia gas released can ignite with air.
Incompatible Materials: Copper, zinc, silver, acids, hypochlorites
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Ammonia gas, nitrogen oxides
Acute Effects: Corrosive to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Causes coughing, chest pain, tissue burns. Harmful if swallowed or inhaled.
Chronic Effects: Repeated exposure can lead to chronic bronchitis or reactive airway issues.
Oral LD50 (rat): 350 mg/kg (as NH3 solution)
Inhalation LC50 (rat): 2000 ppm/4 hours
Irritation: Ammonia vapors cause severe irritation to all mucous membranes.
Aquatic Toxicity: Highly toxic to aquatic organisms, with rapid lethal effects on fish and invertebrates at low concentrations.
Degradability: Ammonia biodegrades under aerobic conditions with proper microbial activity.
Bioaccumulation: Not expected to bioaccumulate, but high releases damage habitats.
Mobility in Soil: Highly mobile in water, easily penetrates soil. Water runoff poses significant risk to surface and groundwater.
Waste Disposal Methods: Collect wastes in appropriate containers. Solutions can be neutralized with a dilute acid before sewering, where local rules permit. Larger volumes or high concentrations go to a licensed chemical waste disposal facility.
Container Handling: Rinse empty containers well and avoid reuse. Dispose of according to local, state, and federal regulations.
Environmental Notice: Releases, even minor ones, harm aquatic environments. Never discharge to water sources without proper treatment.
UN Number: UN2672
Proper Shipping Name: Ammonia solution
Hazard Class: 8 (Corrosive)
Packing Group: III
Labels Required: Corrosive label
DOT (US): Regulated material
IMDG/IMO: Marine pollutant, regulations apply for overseas transport
Special Precautions: Provide secondary containment for bulk transport since vapors and leaks present danger to health and the environment.
U.S. EPA Status: Reportable Quantity (RQ) for ammonia: 100 lbs; regulated under CERCLA; listed under SARA Title III Sections 302/304/313
OSHA: Hazardous chemical, covered by OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard
TSCA: All ingredients listed
WHMIS (Canada): Class E — Corrosive Material
GHS Classification: Skin Corr. 1B, Eye Dam. 1, Acute Tox. 4 (oral/inhalation)
Labeling Requirements: Follow all local, state, federal and international shipping and disposal requirements.
Other Regulations: Subject to local water discharge restrictions and air emissions reporting for ammonia.
