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Product Name: Ammonium Chloride
Chemical Formula: NH4Cl
CAS Number: 12125-02-9
Synonyms: Sal Ammoniac, Ammonium Muriate
Recommended Uses: Used in fertilizers, metalwork, batteries, textile printing, and as a laboratory reagent
Supplier Contact: Emergency phone numbers and supplier details provided on container label or SDS supplier documentation
GHS Classification: Acute toxicity (Oral), Category 4; Eye irritation, Category 2A; Skin irritation, Category 2
Signal Word: Warning
Hazard Statements: Harmful if swallowed; Causes serious eye irritation; Causes skin irritation
Pictograms: Exclamation mark
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing dust, wash thoroughly after handling, do not eat or drink near product use, wear protective gloves and eye protection
Route of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin and eye contact
Potential Health Effects: May cause respiratory irritation, nausea, vomiting, and asthma-like symptoms
Chemical Name: Ammonium Chloride
Common Name: Ammonium Chloride
Concentration: 99-100%
Impurities: Non-hazardous trace materials may be present
Chemical Family: Inorganic salt
Molecular Weight: 53.5 g/mol
Inhalation: Move person from exposure source to fresh air; provide oxygen if breathing becomes difficult; seek immediate medical attention if symptoms develop
Skin Contact: Remove any contaminated clothing and wash skin with soap and water for 15 minutes; seek medical advice if irritation develops
Eye Contact: Rinse thoroughly with running water for at least 15 minutes, lifting eyelids to ensure full rinse; consult an ophthalmologist if irritation persists
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water, do not induce vomiting, give water to drink if conscious, call physician or poison control center without delay
Acute Symptoms: Burning sensation, redness, coughing
Special Advice for First Responders: Use personal protective equipment and avoid direct contact with the product or contaminated fluids
Flammability: Not flammable
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide for surrounding fire
Specific Hazards: Product does not burn, may release toxic hydrogen chloride and ammonia gases at high temperatures
Protective Equipment: Firefighters wear self-contained breathing gear and full protective clothing
Instructions: Cool exposed containers with water spray to prevent pressure buildup or explosion
Hazardous Combustion Products: Hydrogen chloride, nitrogen oxides, ammonia
Explosion Data: Dust-air mixtures can form explosive atmospheres in poorly ventilated spaces
Personal Protection: Wear suitable gloves, goggles, and a dust mask or respirator; avoid inhalation and direct skin contact
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into drains, waterways, or soil; alert local authorities if spill contaminates environment
Methods for Containment: Prevent spread of dust; use damp cloths or HEPA vacuum for small spills; shovel solid material into suitable containers for disposal
Cleaning Up: Rinse spill area with water after material removal; avoid generating airborne dust; ventilate area during and after cleanup
Disposal: Collect waste in containers for transfer to authorized hazardous waste disposal facility in accordance with local and national regulations
Handling: Avoid inhaling dust or fume, avoid contact with eyes and skin, use only with adequate ventilation, wash hands after handling, do not handle near food or beverages
Storage: Store in tightly sealed, clearly labeled containers in a dry, cool, and well-ventilated area
Separation: Keep away from incompatible substances such as strong acids and oxidizing agents
Temperature Conditions: Keep storage temperature below 30°C; product stability may be impacted by high heat
Incompatible Materials: Reacts with strong bases, silver salts, and nitrites; generation of hazardous gases possible
Container Materials: Use corrosion-resistant containers where possible; avoid leaks and contamination by closing tightly after each use
Occupational Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL: 10 mg/m3 (fume), ACGIH TLV: 10 mg/m3 (inhalable), 3 mg/m3 (respirable)
Engineering Controls: Use closed systems, adequate ventilation, local exhaust at workstations generating dust
Personal Protection Equipment (PPE): Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile or PVC), safety goggles or face shield, NIOSH-approved respiratory protection in high dust or airborne concentrations
Hygiene Measures: Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse; avoid eating, drinking, or smoking during handling
Other Controls: Emergency eyewash and showers in proximity to areas of use
Appearance: White crystalline powder or colorless crystals
Odor: No significant odor; faint ammonia-like odor with moisture
Odor Threshold: Not established
pH: 4.5-5.5 for a 5% aqueous solution
Melting Point: 338°C (decomposes)
Boiling Point: Sublimates at 520°C
Solubility: 37 g/100 mL (water at 20°C), slightly soluble in alcohols, insoluble in acetone
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at room temperature
Specific Gravity: 1.53 (water = 1)
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): Not available
Evaporation Rate: Not applicable
Volatility: Non-volatile
Decomposition Temperature: Decomposes to produce ammonia and hydrogen chloride gases
Chemical Stability: Chemical remains stable under normal conditions of use and storage
Reactivity: Exhibits reactivity with alkaline substances, strong acids, and oxidizers
Conditions to Avoid: Avoid excess heat, moisture, and incompatible chemicals
Hazardous Reactions: Produces toxic and corrosive gases when heated or in contact with acids
Incompatible Materials: Sodium nitrate, calcium oxide, potassium chlorate, silver salts, strong bases
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Releases ammonia, hydrogen chloride, nitrogen oxides during thermal decomposition
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, dermal, eye
Acute Toxicity: LD50 (oral, rat): 1,650 mg/kg; LD50 (dermal, rabbit): >2,000 mg/kg
Chronic Toxicity: Evidence of kidney and liver effects at high-dose/repeated exposure
Irritant Effects: Can cause mild to moderate eye, skin, and upper respiratory tract irritation
Symptoms: Coughing, shortness of breath, gastric discomfort, nausea, eye redness, watering, skin itching
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as a human carcinogen by IARC, NTP, or OSHA
Other Effects: Potential aggravation for individuals with asthma or other respiratory conditions
Mutagenicity/Reproductive Effects: No evidence of mutagenicity or adverse reproductive effects in standard studies
Aquatic Toxicity: Toxic to aquatic life with short-term effects; LC50 (fish, 96h): 209 mg/L
Persistence and Degradability: Expected to dissociate and biodegrade in soil and water
Bioaccumulation: Low bioaccumulation potential
Mobility in Soil: High mobility; likely to leach into groundwater in permeable soils
Other Adverse Effects: Large releases may disrupt aquatic and soil nitrogen cycles, causing eutrophication or plant stress
Additional Note: Runoff may contribute to nutrient pollution if released in significant quantities
Disposal Methods: Dispose of via authorized hazardous waste handler; place solid waste in sealed, labeled containers; liquid residues can be neutralized with dilute basic solutions before discharge (where permitted)
Local Regulations: Observe all applicable federal, state, and local environmental regulations; consult local authorities for additional instructions
Precautions: Prevent material from entering sewage systems or open drains
Recycling/Reuse: Not commonly recycled due to contamination risks
Empty Containers: Triple rinse containers prior to disposal; remove or deface product labels to prevent misuse
UN Number: UN3077
UN Proper Shipping Name: Environmentally hazardous substance, solid, n.o.s. (ammonium chloride)
Transport Hazard Class: 9 (miscellaneous)
Packing Group: III
DOT (US): Not regulated in small quantities, but subject to reporting requirements for significant spills
IMDG/IATA: Not regulated as dangerous goods in most forms; confirm with carrier
Special Precautions: Protect against mechanical damage and keep container dry; avoid loading with incompatible substances
Other Information: Hazard labels and emergency action code required for bulk shipments
TSCA Status: Listed on Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Inventory
SARA Title III: Not listed as a hazardous substance under Sections 302, 304, and 313
OSHA: Classified as hazardous under OSHA Hazard Communication Standard
WHMIS (Canada): Classified as D2B (Toxic material causing other effects)
REACH (EU): Registered substance; subject to restrictions for specific applications
Other Local Regulation: Subject to workplace exposure limits and environmental discharge controls in many jurisdictions
Labeling Requirements: Ensure containers bear GHS-compliant hazard labels and risk statements in the relevant local language
