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Product Name: Ammonium Bicarbonate
Synonyms: Bicarbonate of Ammonia, Ammonium Hydrogen Carbonate, ABC
CAS Number: 1066-33-7
Recommended Use: Laboratory reagent, leavening agent, buffer, chemical synthesis
Manufacturer Information: Contact details should be provided on the container label
Emergency Contact: Refer to company or regional poison control center
GHS Classification: Eye Irritation Category 2A, Acute Toxicity-Oral Category 5
Signal Word: Warning
Hazard Statements: Causes serious eye irritation. May be harmful if swallowed. Releases ammonia gas on decomposition, causing respiratory tract irritation.
Pictograms: Exclamation Mark
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing dust. Wash hands after handling. Use personal protective equipment as required.
Chemical Formula: NH4HCO3
Component: Ammonium Bicarbonate
Concentration: 99–100%
Impurities: Trace amounts of ammonium carbonate, water
Inhalation: Move the person to fresh air. If symptoms such as irritation, coughing, or shortness of breath develop, seek medical attention.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing. Wash affected skin with soap and water. If irritation persists, get medical advice.
Eye Contact: Rinse with water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Get medical help if irritation continues.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water. Do not induce vomiting. Call a doctor or poison control center if the person feels unwell.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Water spray, dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: None known under normal conditions
Hazardous Combustion Products: Ammonia, carbon dioxide
Protective Equipment: Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective gear.
Fire Hazards: Product itself is not flammable but decomposition releases irritating and toxic gases.
Personal Precautions: Use respirator and gloves. Avoid dust formation. Ventilate area.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent runoff into drains and waterways.
Clean-Up Methods: Sweep up and place in suitable container for disposal. Avoid raising dust. Thoroughly ventilate area after cleanup.
Handling: Use proper personal protection. Avoid inhaling dust or vapors. Prevent contact with eyes and skin.
Storage: Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated place. Keep away from acids and moisture. Store segregated from incompatible substances.
Occupational Exposure Limits: No OSHA PEL or ACGIH TLV specific for ammonium bicarbonate; monitor for ammonia gas as needed.
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation. Enclosures or process isolation can reduce exposure.
Personal Protection: Safety goggles, chemical-resistant gloves, protective clothing, and, if dust forms, NIOSH-approved respirator.
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands thoroughly after handling. Do not eat, drink, or smoke in the work area.
Appearance: White crystalline solid
Odor: Slight ammonia odor
Odor Threshold: Detectable at low ppm for ammonia
pH (1% solution): 7.7–8.3
Melting Point/Freezing Point: Decomposes before melting (about 36–60°C)
Boiling Point: Decomposes
Flash Point: Not flammable
Evaporation Rate: Not applicable
Flammability: Not flammable
Vapor Pressure: Not applicable
Vapor Density: Not applicable
Relative Density: 1.59 (water = 1)
Solubility: Soluble in water
Partition coefficient n-octanol/water: Not available
Auto-Ignition Temperature: Not applicable
Decomposition Temperature: About 36°C
Viscosity: Not applicable
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal temperature and pressure. Gradually decomposes in air, especially at higher temperatures.
Reactivity: Releases ammonia and carbon dioxide on heating or on exposure to acids.
Hazardous Reactions: Reaction with acids and strong oxidizers yields toxic fumes.
Conditions to Avoid: High temperatures, moisture, acid contact.
Incompatible Materials: Strong acids, oxidizing agents.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Ammonia, carbon dioxide, possibly carbon monoxide under fire conditions.
Acute Toxicity: LD50 (oral, rat): 1576 mg/kg
Potential Health Effects: Inhalation causes irritation to respiratory tract. Dust or vapor exposure may irritate eyes and skin. Swallowing large amounts can result in nausea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal upset.
Chronic Effects: No long-term effects expected at low exposure.
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogen by IARC, NTP, or OSHA.
Mutagenicity/Reproductive Effects: No evidence available.
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin and eye contact.
Symptoms of Exposure: Eye and respiratory tract irritation, coughing, sore throat.
Medical Conditions Aggravated by Exposure: Asthma, chronic respiratory problems.
Ecotoxicity: Low toxicity for aquatic organisms under normal circumstances. Larger spills can elevate ammonia in water, causing harmful effects on fish and aquatic species.
Persistence and Degradability: Readily breaks down to ammonia and carbon dioxide.
Bioaccumulative Potential: Not expected.
Mobility in Soil: High mobility; ammonia released evaporates or is converted by soil organisms.
Other Adverse Effects: No significant environmental hazard if handled properly.
Waste Treatment Methods: Use in accordance with local, regional, and national regulations.
Safe Disposal: Dissolve small amounts in water, neutralize with dilute acid, and dispose of via sanitary sewer with substantial water dilution (local regulation dependent). Bulk waste should be delivered to certified hazardous waste disposal sites.
Packaging Disposal: Contaminated packaging should be disposed of like the product or in accordance with official regulations.
UN Number: Not regulated for ground, air, or sea transport in most countries
Transport Hazard Class: Not classified as hazardous
Packing Group: Not assigned
Marine Pollutant: No
Special Transport Precautions: Protect containers from moisture and heat during transport. Secure tightly against shifting loads.
U.S. TSCA Inventory: Listed
EU REACH: Registered
SARA Title III: Not listed under Section 302/304/313
OSHA HazCom: Hazardous chemical
California Proposition 65: Not listed
WHMIS (Canada): D2B - Toxic material causing other toxic effects
Labeling: Adequate chemical labeling and hazard warning required, per workplace safety regulations.
