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Chemical Name: Actinomycin D
Other Names: Dactinomycin
Use: Chemotherapy drug for cancer treatment
Appearance: Crystalline red powder
Chemical Formula: C62H86N12O16
Molecular Weight: 1255.42 g/mol
Hazard Type: Highly toxic, potential carcinogen
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, eye contact
Potential Health Effects: Severe eye and skin irritation, harmful if swallowed, risk of genetic damage, long-term risk of developing certain cancers
Signal Word: Danger
Pictograms: Skull and crossbones, health hazard, exclamation mark
Main Ingredient: Actinomycin D (C62H86N12O16), purity often above 98%
Impurities: Trace fermentation byproducts may be present
Chemical Family: Phenoxazinone antibiotics
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air immediately, keep breathing easy, seek medical help
Skin Contact: Wash skin with soap and plenty of water, remove contaminated clothing, do not delay
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes gently for at least 15 minutes, keep eyelids open, get medical attention
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, never give fluids to someone unconscious, seek medical assistance right away
Suitable Extinguishing Agents: Dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide
Hazardous Combustion Products: Toxic fumes including carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides
Protection for Firefighters: Full protective gear with self-contained breathing apparatus, avoid inhaling smoke or vapor
Personal Precautions: Avoid breathing dust, wear gloves, goggles, lab coat
Containment: Carefully sweep up without raising dust, collect in closable container
Cleaning Methods: Wash spill area with plenty of water and detergent, ventilate space well
Handling: Work inside chemical fume hood, keep containers tightly closed, wash hands after use
Storage: Keep in cool, dry, locked area, protect from light
Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizing agents can react aggressively, so always store away from incompatible chemicals
Engineering Controls: Laboratory fume hood, local exhaust
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves, laboratory coat, safety goggles
Respiratory Protection: NIOSH-approved respirator where dust may form
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands before eating or touching face, don’t mix with everyday use areas
Appearance: Bright red to orange crystalline powder
Odor: Nearly odorless
Melting Point: 255-260°C (decomposes)
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water, more easily dissolved in alcohol and some organic solvents
pH: Often available in neutral or slightly acidic solution when dissolved
Stability: Stable under normal temperatures and conditions for storage
Reactivity: May react with strong oxidizers
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Produces CO, CO2, NOx when burned or decomposed
Polymerization: Does not polymerize
Acute Effects: Toxic by ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact; small amounts cause nausea, vomiting, organ toxicity
Chronic Effects: May cause genetic mutations, fetal harm, or cancer after long exposures
Target Organs: Liver, kidneys, bone marrow
LD50 Data: Less than 1 mg/kg (oral, mouse)
Symptoms: Gastrointestinal distress, weakness, weight loss, anemia
Environmental Impact: Very toxic to aquatic life, long-lasting environmental damage possible
Persistence: Can remain in soil or water if spilled
Bioaccumulation: High potential to accumulate in living organisms
Mobility: Moves through soil and water slowly but does not break down quickly
Disposal Methods: Burn in chemical incinerator with afterburner and scrubber
Avoid: Disposing down the drain or in regular trash
Regulatory Requirements: Must follow hazardous waste laws, properly label all containers for pick-up by professionals
UN Number: Not always assigned for small laboratory samples; classified as hazardous by many freight carriers
Packing Group: Typically II or III, depending on concentration and country of origin
Transport Hazard Class: 6.1 (toxic substance)
Precautions: Keep container upright, secure in secondary containment, inform courier of hazard status
Global Regulations: Recognized as hazardous by OSHA, EU-REACH, and other health and workplace safety bodies
Carcinogen Status: Listed by IARC and NTP as possible carcinogen
Labeling Requirement: Corrosive and toxic substance warning labels, strict identity on containers
Worker Protection: Only trained personnel should handle, medical surveillance for regular handlers, recordkeeping for exposures
