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Substance Name: Acetyl Chloride
Chemical Formula: C2H3ClO
CAS Number: 75-36-5
Synonyms: Ethanoyl chloride, Acetic acid chloride
Recommended Uses: Intermediate in organic synthesis, acetylating agent, laboratory reagent
Supplier Details: Manufacturer or distributor contact information (phone, address, emergency phone, email)
Emergency Contact: National Chemical Safety Hotline, Local Poison Control Center, Emergency Medical Services
GHS Classification: Flammable Liquids (Category 3), Acute Toxicity Oral (Category 4), Skin Corrosion/Irritation (Category 1B), Serious Eye Damage (Category 1)
Pictograms: Flame, Corrosive, Exclamation Mark
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage; harmful if swallowed; may cause respiratory irritation; may cause fire; reacts violently with water
Precautionary Statements: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection; keep away from heat, sparks, open flames; do not breathe vapor or mist; wash hands thoroughly after handling
Potential Health Effects: Skin: severe burns, Eye: permanent damage, Inhalation: burning sensation, lung injury, Ingestion: burns to mouth and throat
Environmental Hazards: Toxic to aquatic organisms, possible long-term adverse effects in aquatic environment
Chemical Name: Acetyl Chloride
Concentration: 98-100%
Common Impurities: Trace hydrochloric acid, acetic acid
Hazardous Components: None other than main ingredient
EC Number: 200-865-6
Molecular Weight: 78.5 g/mol
Inhalation: Remove person to fresh air immediately; seek medical attention; assist breathing if necessary (administer oxygen by trained personnel)
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing; flush affected skin with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes; do not use neutralizing agents directly on skin; get medical help
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes, lifting eyelids occasionally; remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; seek urgent medical attention
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water (only if person is conscious); do not induce vomiting; offer nothing by mouth if unconscious; seek immediate medical assistance
Symptoms: Burning pain, severe coughing, difficulty breathing, blistering
Notes to Physician: Treat for chemical burns and possible systemic effects; monitor respiratory and cardiac function closely
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, alcohol-resistant foam; do not use water directly due to violent reaction
Specific Hazards: Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air; decomposes on contact with water or moist air, releasing toxic and corrosive gases (hydrogen chloride, acetic acid fumes)
Protective Equipment: Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing
Special Procedures: Approach from upwind, contain runoff to prevent environmental contamination, cool containing vessels with water spray from a safe distance (avoid direct contact with water)
Personal Precautions: Evacuate unnecessary personnel immediately; ventilate area; avoid inhalation, skin, and eye contact; remove ignition sources
Protective Equipment: Chemical splash goggles, acid-resistant gloves, full-body suit, respirator with organic vapor/acid gas cartridge
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into drains, water courses, or soil; inform regulatory authorities if release causes environmental contamination
Spill Response: Contain and absorb with inert, non-combustible material (sand, vermiculite, dry earth); avoid water; collect in suitable container for disposal; neutralize small quantities after containment using a dilute solution of sodium bicarbonate or similar under expert supervision
Precautions for Safe Handling: Handle only in well-ventilated areas; use spark-proof tools and explosion-proof equipment; minimize exposure to air and moisture; avoid inhalation, ingestion, and contact with skin and eyes; keep away from water, alcohols, amines, and bases
Storage Conditions: Store in original tightly closed container in cool, dry, well-ventilated area; keep away from incompatible materials; segregate from oxidizing agents and strong bases; protect from direct sunlight, heat sources, and moisture; keep under nitrogen or inert atmosphere if possible
Incompatible Materials: Water, alcohols, amines, strong bases, oxidizing agents
Special Handling Advice: Always add acid chloride to water—not the reverse, preferably in a fume hood
Occupational Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL: Not established; ACGIH TLV: Not established; recommended limit based on vapor threshold, keep exposure as low as possible
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation; chemical fume hood; ensure emergency eyewash and safety shower available
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves (butyl rubber, neoprene), splash-proof goggles or face shield, acid-resistant apron/lab coat, full-length clothing, closed footwear, appropriate NIOSH/MSHA-approved respirator for organic vapor/acid gases
General Hygiene Measures: Wash hands thoroughly after handling; do not eat, drink, or smoke in work area; remove contaminated clothing before entering common areas
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow, fuming liquid
Odor: Pungent, irritating, suffocating
Melting Point: –112°C
Boiling Point: 51–52°C
Flash Point: –12°C (closed cup)
Flammability: Flammable liquid and vapor
Vapor Pressure: 316 mm Hg at 20°C
Vapor Density: 2.6 (air = 1)
Solubility in Water: Reacts violently with water producing heat, hydrogen chloride, and acetic acid
Density: 1.104 g/cm³ at 20°C
Viscosity: Not measured
pH: Not applicable (reaction product highly acidic)
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended handling and storage conditions
Reactivity: Reacts violently with water, alcohols, amines, and strong bases
Hazardous Reactions: Generates large volumes of heat and corrosive, toxic gases when in contact with water, alcohols, and amines
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Acetic acid fumes, hydrogen chloride gas
Conditions to Avoid: Moisture, humidity, high temperatures, ignition sources
Polymerization: Not anticipated under normal conditions
Acute Toxicity: LD50 (oral, rat): 910 mg/kg; LD50 (dermal, rabbit): 1,650 mg/kg; inhalation data not available, but vapors extremely irritating and hazardous
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Causes severe burns, possible blistering and necrosis
Eye Damage/Irritation: Causes severe damage up to blindness
Respiratory Effects: Severe irritation, potential chemical pneumonitis, risk of pulmonary edema
Sensitization: No confirmed sensitizing risk
Chronic Effects: Prolonged or repeated exposure may cause dermatitis and non-reversible eye injury
Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity: No data supporting carcinogenic or mutagenic risks noted by IARC, NTP, or OSHA as of latest update
Other Information: Risk of serious permanent injury increases with delay or non-treatment of exposure
Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic life with short-term and possible long-term effects
Mobility in Soil: Hydrolyzes in moist soils to acetic acid and hydrochloric acid; products may leach into groundwater
Persistence and Degradability: Breaks down rapidly in environment, but hydrolysis products acidify water and soil
Bioaccumulative Potential: Not anticipated to bioaccumulate significantly
Other Adverse Effects: Acidification and damage to aquatic organisms in spill zones; chemical runoff may harm local flora and fauna
Disposal Methods: Incinerate using specialized chemical incinerator with afterburner and scrubber; neutralize cautiously under expert supervision; do not discharge to sewer or environment
Contaminated Packaging: Triple rinse with suitable neutralizing agent; dispose of as hazardous waste according to local regulations
Regulatory Considerations: Disposal strictly regulated under federal, state, and local hazardous waste authorities
Precautions: Take every possible precaution to avoid spillage, contact with water, and release to environment during disposal operations
UN Number: UN1713
Proper Shipping Name: Acetyl chloride
Transport Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable liquids), 8 (Corrosive substances)
Packing Group: I (high danger)
Labels Required: Flammable Liquid, Corrosive
Marine Pollutant: No
Special Precautions: Avoid temperature extremes; transport in airtight, corrosion-resistant, breakproof containers; keep upright and secure in transit; notify receiving facility of incoming shipment
OSHA: Regulated as hazardous chemical; covered by Hazard Communication Standard
TSCA: Listed on Toxic Substances Control Act Inventory
SARA Title III: May be subject to reporting under Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act as extremely hazardous substance
REACH: Registered for use in Europe, with mandatory risk management measures
Other Regulations: Handled as hazardous substance under national, state, and municipal regulations; check all applicable workplace and transportation codes before use
