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Product Name: Acetonitrile
Chemical Formula: CH3CN
CAS Number: 75-05-8
Synonyms: Methyl cyanide, Ethanenitrile
Recommended Use: Laboratory solvent, extraction, pharmaceuticals, manufacture of other chemicals
Supplier Name: [Supplier-specific—fill with actual details]
Emergency Contact Number: [Company-specific]
GHS Classification: Flammable liquids (Category 2); Acute toxicity, oral (Category 4); Acute toxicity, inhalation (Category 4); Eye irritation (Category 2A)
Pictogram: Flame, Exclamation Mark, Skull and Crossbones
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Highly flammable liquid and vapor, harmful if swallowed, harmful if inhaled, causes serious eye irritation
Precautionary Statements: Keep away from heat, sparks, flames; avoid breathing vapors; wear eye protection and gloves; wash skin thoroughly after handling; in case of fire, use dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide
Routes of Entry: Inhalation, ingestion, skin and eye contact
Symptoms of Exposure: Headache, weakness, confusion, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, eye redness, possible central nervous system effects
Chemical Name: Acetonitrile
Concentration: 99-100%
CAS Number: 75-05-8
Impurities/Additional Components: Water (up to 0.05%), trace organic impurities (supplier-specific)
Molecular Weight: 41.05 g/mol
Other Identifiers: EINECS 200-835-2
REACH Registration: Listed
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air. Keep at rest, monitor breathing. Seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing immediately. Rinse skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Get medical advice if irritation develops.
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Obtain medical attention.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water. Do not induce vomiting. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical help.
Most important symptoms and effects: Central nervous system depression, dizziness, weakness, respiratory difficulty in severe cases, delayed onset possible
Advice for Physicians: Treat symptomatically. Consider delay in symptom onset. Observe for cyanide-like effects in severe exposures.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, alcohol-resistant foam, water spray for large fires
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: Do not use water jet directly on burning liquid
Special Hazards: Vapors can form explosive mixtures with air. Dangerous decomposition products include hydrogen cyanide, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Self-contained breathing apparatus, chemically resistant suits
Firefighting Instructions: Evacuate area. Eliminate sources of ignition. Cool containers with water spray to prevent pressure buildup.
Flash Point: 2°C (36°F), closed cup
Explosion Limit: Lower 4.4%, Upper 16% by volume
Auto-Ignition Temperature: 524°C (975°F)
Personal Precautions: Evacuate unnecessary personnel. Remove ignition sources. Ventilate area. Wear recommended personal protective equipment.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into waterways, drains, soil. Report spillage as per local regulations.
Methods for Clean-Up: Use inert absorbent material such as sand, vermiculite. Collect in suitable containers for proper disposal. Wash spill site after material pick-up.
Special Instructions: Approach from upwind. Avoid inhalation of vapors and skin contact.
Handling: Work with only in well-ventilated areas. Keep away from sources of ignition—no smoking. Use spark-proof tools. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing. Prevent inhalation of vapors/mist.
Storage: Store tightly sealed in original container or compatible material. Keep in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat sources, direct sunlight, oxidizers, acids, bases, reducing agents. Ground container securely. Store below 30°C. Segregate from incompatible materials.
Special Storage Precautions: Keep in storage area equipped for flammable liquids. Use solvent-resistant shelving and secondary containment.
Occupational Exposure Limit: OSHA PEL: 40 ppm (60 mg/m3), ACGIH TLV: 20 ppm (Skin)
Engineering Controls: Use chemical fume hood or equivalent ventilation. Monitor vapor concentrations in air.
Personal Protective Equipment: Nitrile or neoprene gloves, chemical goggles, face shield, lab coat or apron
Respiratory Protection: NIOSH-approved respirator if ventilation is inadequate or vapor concentrations exceed limits
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands thoroughly after handling. Do not eat, drink, or smoke in work area. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
Environmental Controls: Prevent release to environment by using closed systems or local containment.
Appearance: Colorless, transparent liquid
Odor: Ether-like, sweetish odor
Odor Threshold: 170 ppm
pH: Neutral (not applicable for pure liquid)
Boiling Point: 81.6°C
Melting Point: -45°C
Flash Point: 2°C (closed cup)
Evaporation Rate: 5.79 (relative to butyl acetate=1)
Flammability: Highly flammable
Vapor Pressure: 97 mmHg at 25°C
Vapor Density: 1.42 (Air=1)
Relative Density: 0.783 g/cm³ at 20°C
Solubility in Water: Miscible
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): -0.34
Auto-ignition temperature: 524°C
Decomposition Temperature: Not determined
Viscosity: 0.34 cP at 20°C
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage and handling conditions
Reactivity: Reacts vigorously with strong acids, strong bases, oxidizers, reducing agents
Possibility of Hazardous Reactions: May polymerize or decompose exothermically when exposed to incompatible substances
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Hydrogen cyanide, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, flames, sparks, static discharge, direct sunlight
Incompatible Materials: Strong acids, alkalies, oxidizing agents, reducing agents, chlorosulfonic acid, sulfuric acid
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 (rat): 2460 mg/kg; Dermal LD50 (rabbit): 2000 mg/kg; Inhalation LC50 (rat, 4h): 7551 ppm
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin and eye contact
Symptoms: Dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, skin or eye redness, difficulty breathing, loss of coordination, central nervous system depression
Chronic Effects: Prolonged, repeated exposure can cause liver and kidney damage, possible reproductive effects
Carcinogenicity: Not listed by IARC, NTP, OSHA
Mutagenicity: Evidence from animal studies (high doses, not typical workplace exposures); not classifiable as a human mutagen
Reproductive Effects: Animal studies suggest possible risk; relevance to human exposure uncertain
Other Data: Vapors can be absorbed rapidly; skin absorption possible but less significant than inhalation route
Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic life. LC50 (Fish, 96 hr): 160 mg/L (fathead minnow). EC50 (Daphnia, 48 hr): 3612 mg/L
Persistence and Degradability: Readily biodegradable (aerobic conditions, >90% in 28 days)
Bioaccumulative Potential: Low, does not bioaccumulate significantly
Mobility in Soil: Highly mobile, readily leaches through soil and may contaminate groundwater
Other Adverse Effects: Volatile—can contribute to photochemical smog in the atmosphere. Larger releases to water bodies may threaten aquatic organisms.
Behavior in Wastewater Plants: Biodegradable by standard treatment processes if dilute
Waste Treatment Methods: Collect in closed containers labeled for hazardous waste. Dispose of as a flammable solvent waste at licensed hazardous waste facilities.
Incineration: Suitable under controlled conditions with off-gas scrubbers
Contaminated Packaging: Dispose of empty containers as hazardous waste. Do not reuse containers for other chemicals.
Legal Requirements: Follow local, state, and federal regulations for hazardous chemical waste disposal.
Special Notes: Do not allow into drains, sewers, or waterways. Use spill kits for clean-up, prevent environmental discharge.
UN Number: UN 1648
Proper Shipping Name: Acetonitrile
Transport Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable Liquid)
Packing Group: II
Labeling Requirements: Flammable liquid label, toxic hazard
Special Transport Precautions: Secure shipments to prevent movement, leaks, and damage. Use approved containers. Avoid conditions exposing containers to heat or direct sunlight.
Additional Information: Emergency procedures in case of spillage or fire must be available in vehicles. Check air and sea transport regulations for quantity restrictions.
OSHA: Classified as hazardous. Listed in 29 CFR 1910.1000
SARA Title III (Section 302/304/313): Acetonitrile is a reportable substance under Section 313
CERCLA Section 103: Reportable quantity; 5000 lb (2270 kg)
TSCA: Acetonitrile is listed
REACH: Registered and subject to restrictions for certain uses in the EU
WHMIS Classification (Canada): B2 (Flammable Liquid), D1B (Toxic Material), D2B (Irritant)
California Proposition 65: Not listed
Other International Regulations: Subject to restrictions in some countries due to toxicity and flammability. Check local regulations for further guidance on handling and workplace exposures.
